Examining the difficulties in letting social housing within England     

Nicola Morrison 《GeoJournal》2000,51(4):339-349

This paper provides an overview of the current literature on why difficulties are being experienced in letting social housing within England. The first part of the paper focuses on whether the management of the social housing stock, and in particular the current allocation system, has contributed to the growing number of difficult to let (DTL) properties in the social sector. Drawing on findings from in-depth interviews with twenty local authorities, the paper provides evidence to support this argument and also highlights a number of initiatives which authorities have adopted to fill DTL properties. However, the paper argues that these initiatives are likely to have limited value in the long run in stemming the fall in demand for social housing, particularly in the North of England. The second part of the paper focuses on the changing aspirations of tenants and the way that social housing is in competition with alternative forms to housing provision, such as private rented housing. It concludes by advocating that an appropriate response to difficulties in letting social housing has to go beyond internal housing management initiatives. Instead a more strategic approach needs to be adopted which builds up an understanding of the operation of the local housing market and the complex interaction of neighbourhoods.  相似文献   

The Soft X-ray Telescope for the SOLAR-A mission   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

S. Tsuneta  L. Acton  M. Bruner  J. Lemen  W. Brown  R. Caravalho  R. Catura  S. Freeland  B. Jurcevich  M. Morrison  Y. Ogawara  T. Hirayama  J. Owens 《Solar physics》1991,136(1):37-67

The Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) of the SOLAR-A mission is designed to produce X-ray movies of flares with excellent angular and time resolution as well as full-disk X-ray images for general studies. A selection of thin metal filters provide a measure of temperature discrimination and aid in obtaining the wide dynamic range required for solar observing. The co-aligned SXT aspect telescope will yield optical images for aspect reference, white-light flare and sunspot studies, and, possibly, helioseismology. This paper describes the capabilities and characteristics of the SXT for scientific observing.After the launch the name of SOLAR-A has been changed to YOHKOH.  相似文献   

Distinguishing magmatic from subsolidus epidote: laser probe oxygen isotope compositions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stephen D. Keane  J. Morrison 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,126(3):265-274

Epidote occurs in four textural varieties in the Mount Lowe intrusion of southern California: euhedra, anhedra, intergrowths and cross-cutting veins. Of these, conspicuous elongate euhedra, which range up to 3 cm in length, meet most of the established textural criteria for magmatic epidote. Equant anhedral grains, which are ˜5 mm in diameter, are texturally ambiguous although rare allanite cores are suggestive of a magmatic origin. Epidote intergrowths with hornblende and biotite also meet certain textural criteria for crystallization from a magma, notably, euhedral faces against biotite. Finally, late-stage veins of epidote cross-cut all phases in the rock and are likely subsolidus. Oxygen isotopic compositions of these four textural varieties of epidote determined using the laser probe indicate that the use of textural criteria alone in establishing epidote parageneses can be misleading. Intracrystalline δ¹⁸O variations in the euhedra document both magmatic and subsolidus compositions. Oxygen isotope compositions are bimodal averaging 5.36 ± 0.13‰ (n = 11) and 4.66 ± 0.23‰ (n = 21). These data combined with plagioclase and zircon δ¹⁸O values are interpreted to indicate that magmatic oxygen isotopic compositions have been preserved where epidote δ¹⁸O is greater than 5‰. Significant portions of each euhedral crystal have been affected by subsolidus exchange and are characterized by epidote δ¹⁸O values less than 5‰. Intracrystalline δ¹⁸O values of epidote anhedra range from 4.50 to 6.08‰ and thus also document both magmatic and subsolidus compositions. Subsolidus exchange is volumetrically less significant in the anhedra than in the euhedra. Values of δ¹⁸O for intergrowths and late-stage cross-cutting veins of epidote average 3.81 ± 0.22‰ and document clearly subsolidus growth. The data confirm that in the Mount Lowe intrusion, large euhedra of epidote are magmatic in origin, consistent with textural evidence. The data also indicate that equant anhedra of epidote are also magmatic in origin and thus the absence of good crystal faces does not necessarily indicate subsolidus growth. The subsolidus origin of intergrowths of epidote with euhedral faces against biotite indicates that well developed crystal faces do not require growth from a magma. Finally, the subsolidus origin of the vein epidote is consistent with textural evidence. The increased resolution available with laser-based oxygen isotope measurements offers an important test for documenting whether epidote is of magmatic or subsolidus origin. Given the barometric significance of magmatic epidote, oxygen isotope compositions can be used to aid in the interpretation of epidote-bearing plutons. Received: 9 April 1996 / Accepted: 3 August 1996  相似文献   

STRUCTURE AND ROTATION OF THE SOLAR INTERIOR: INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE MDI MEDIUM-L PROGRAM     

Kosovichev  A. G.  Schou  J.  Scherrer  P. H.  Bogart  R. S.  Bush  R. I.  Hoeksema  J. T.  Aloise  J.  Bacon  L.  Burnette  A.  De Forest  C.  Giles  P. M.  Leibrand  K.  Nigam  R.  Rubin  M.  Scott  K.  Williams  S. D.  Basu  Sarbani  Christensen-dalsgaard  J.  DÄppen  W.  Duvall  T. L.  Howe  R.  Thompson  M. J.  Gough  D. O.  Sekii  T.  Toomre  J.  Tarbell  T. D.  Title  A. M.  Mathur  D.  Morrison  M.  Saba  J. L. R.  Wolfson  C. J.  Zayer  I.  Milford  P. N. 《Solar physics》1997,170(1):43-61

The medium-l program of the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument on board SOHO provides continuous observations of oscillation modes of angular degree, l, from 0 to 300. The data for the program are partly processed on board because only about 3% of MDI observations can be transmitted continuously to the ground. The on-board data processing, the main component of which is Gaussian-weighted binning, has been optimized to reduce the negative influence of spatial aliasing of the high-degree oscillation modes. The data processing is completed in a data analysis pipeline at the SOI Stanford Support Center to determine the mean multiplet frequencies and splitting coefficients. The initial results show that the noise in the medium-l oscillation power spectrum is substantially lower than in ground-based measurements. This enables us to detect lower amplitude modes and, thus, to extend the range of measured mode frequencies. This is important for inferring the Sun's internal structure and rotation. The MDI observations also reveal the asymmetry of oscillation spectral lines. The line asymmetries agree with the theory of mode excitation by acoustic sources localized in the upper convective boundary layer. The sound-speed profile inferred from the mean frequencies gives evidence for a sharp variation at the edge of the energy-generating core. The results also confirm the previous finding by the GONG (Gough et al., 1996) that, in a thin layer just beneath the convection zone, helium appears to be less abundant than predicted by theory. Inverting the multiplet frequency splittings from MDI, we detect significant rotational shear in this thin layer. This layer is likely to be the place where the solar dynamo operates. In order to understand how the Sun works, it is extremely important to observe the evolution of this transition layer throughout the 11-year activity cycle.  相似文献   

Evidence of systematic errors in FK5     

L V Morrison  P Gibbs  L Helmer  C Fabricius  O Einicke  Y Réquième  M Rapaport 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):31-34

Analyses of FK5 stars observed in 1986 with the Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma and the automatic meridian circle at Bordeaux Observatory produce evidence of systematic errors in the FK5 reaching 0 ^. 1 in size.  相似文献   

Adding our leaves: A community-wide perspective on research directions in ecohydrology     

Christina L. Tague  Shirley A. Papuga  Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi  Salli Dymond  Ryan R. Morrison  Elizabeth W. Boyer  Diego Riveros-Iregui  Elizabeth Agee  Bhavna Arora  Yannis G. Dialynas  Amy Hansen  Stefan Krause  Sylvain Kuppel  Steven P Loheide II  Stanislaus J. Schymanski  Samuel C Zipper 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1665-1673

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GUIDELINES FOR GEOGRAPHERS CONSIDERING EMPLOYMENT IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT*     

Charles C. Morrison 《The Professional geographer》1966,18(6):377-381

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Distribution,behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream     

J.R. Flanders  R.R. Turner  T. Morrison  R. Jensen  J. Pizzuto  K. Skalak  R. Stahl 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

Concentrations of Hg remain elevated in physical and biological media of the South River (Virginia, USA), despite the cessation of the industrial use of Hg in its watershed nearly six decades ago, and physical characteristics that would not seem to favor Hg(II)-methylation. A 3-a study of inorganic Hg (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) was conducted in physical media (soil, sediment, surface water, porewater and soil/sediment extracts) to identify non-point sources, transport mechanisms, and potential controls on Hg(II)-methylation. Data collected from surface water and sediment indicate that the majority of the non-point sources of IHg to the South River are within the first 14 km downstream from the historic point source. Partitioning data indicate that particle bound IHg is introduced in this reach, releasing dissolved and colloidal bound IHg, which is transported downstream. Extraction experiments revealed that floodplain soils released a higher fraction of their IHg content in aqueous extractions than fine-grained sediment (FGS). Based on ultrafiltration [<5000 nominal molecular weight cutoff (NMWC)] the majority of soil IHg released was colloidal in nature, providing evidence for the continued evolution of IHg for Hg(II)-methylation from soil. Strong seasonal patterns in MeHg concentrations were observed in surface water and sediment. The highest concentrations of MeHg in surface water were observed at moderate temperatures, suggesting that other factors limit net Hg(II)-methylation. Seasonal changes in sediment organic content and the fraction of 1 N KOH-extractable THg were also observed and may be important factors in controlling net Hg(II)-methylation rates. Sulfate concentrations in surface water are low and the evidence suggests that Fe reduction may be an important Hg(II)-methylation process. The highest sediment MeHg concentrations were observed in habitats with large amounts of FGS, which are more prevalent in the upper half of the study area due to the lower hydrologic gradient and agricultural impacts. Past and present land use practices and other geomorphologic controls contribute to the erosion of banks and accumulation of fine-grained sediment in this section of the river, acting as sources of IHg.  相似文献   

Towards integrated governance for water, health and social–ecological systems: The watershed governance prism     

Margot W. Parkes  Karen E. Morrison  Martin J. Bunch  Lars K. Hallstrm  R. Cynthia Neudoerffer  Henry D. Venema  David Waltner-Toews 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(4):693-704

This article proposes a shift toward the integrated governance of watersheds as a basis for fostering health, sustainability and social–ecological resilience. The authors suggest that integrated watershed governance is more likely when different perspectives, including health and well-being, are explicitly understood, communicated, and sought as co-benefits of watershed management. A new conceptual device – the watershed governance prism – is introduced in relation to the multiple facets of governance that characterize contemporary water resources management and examined as an integrative framework to link social and environmental concerns with the determinants of health in the watershed context. The authors assess the diagnostic and communicative potential of such a framework, discussing its utility as a concise depiction of multiple, interacting policy priorities and as a guide to integrate different research and policy domains into the governance of water, health and social–ecological systems.  相似文献   

The invasive Asian copepodPseudodiaptomus inopinus in Oregon,Washington, and British Columbia estuaries     

Jeffery R. Cordell  Sean M. Morrison 《Estuaries and Coasts》1996,19(3):629-638

At least six species of Asian copepods have been recently introduced to the west coast of North America. Among them isPseudodiaptomus inopinus, which became established and abundant in the Columbia River estuary between 1980 and 1990. Subsequently, the tidal regions of 18 smaller rivers in the Pacific Northwest were sampled using near-bottom pumps and vertical plankton net hauls. These samples indicate thatP. inopinus has not only invaded at least seven other estuaries in this region, but that it is sometimes the dominant zooplankter in these systems.P. inopinus occurred in estuaries of both large and small rivers and in rivers with and without international shipping. Two factors may be important in the establishment of this copepod: temperature and extent of salinity intrusion. In our samples, average autumn temperature of rivers with establishedP. inopinus populations was 19.3°C, whereas those withoutP. inopinus had an average temperature of 12.4°C. Rivers withP. inopinus had salinity intrusion zones of more than 1 km length and those withoutP. inopinus usually had intrusion zones of less than 1 km.  相似文献