Sugarcane waste straw biochar and its effects on calcareous soil and agronomic traits of okra     

Muhammad Riaz  Mumtaz Khan  Shafaqat Ali  Muhammad Daud Khan  Rehan Ahmad  Muhammad Jamil Khan  Muhammad Rizwan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):752

Biochar has been considered a safe soil additive to enhance soil fertility and agronomic traits of different crops. This study was conducted to explore the impacts of sugarcane waste straw biochar on soil characteristics and some agronomic traits of okra. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, i.e., control, sugarcane waste straw biochar (10 ton ha^?1), farmyard manure (FYM, 10 ton ha^?1), and chemical fertilizers (NPK; 120:100:80 kg ha^?1) having three replications of each treatment. Soil samples were tested for texture, bulk density, particle density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), and extractable-P. The sugarcane waste straw biochar was characterized for plant major nutrient elements. The impact of various treatments was observed on soils and agronomic traits of okra like plant height, fruit size, fruit length, and yield of okra. Results revealed that sugarcane waste straw biochar expressed higher EC value and noticeable amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and magnesium (Mg). The sugarcane waste straw biochar, in comparison with FYM and NPK, significantly improved the NO₃-N, extractable-P, OM and EC of the calcareous soil, and reduced the soil bulk density. Furthermore, plant growth and yield parameters were significantly improved under biochar application over the control, FYM and NPK. Overall, sugarcane waste straw biochar proved to be a good alternative to conventional organic and inorganic fertilizers under calcareous soil conditions.  相似文献   

Secular Variation of Geomagnetic Field at Karachi Observatory     

Hussain  Sumrah  Khan  Muhammad Nehal 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2021,61(8):1234-1239

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - In this work, the secular variation of noon/midnight geomagnetic observed field has been investigated at Karachi observatory using the data of total geomagnetic field...  相似文献   

Geophysical signatures resolving hydrogeological complexities over hard rock terrain—a study from Southern India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sahebrao Sonkamble  Subash Chandra  E. Nagaiah  Farooq A. Dar  V. K. Somvanshi  Shakeel Ahmed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(6):2249-2256

A series of geophysical parameters have been applied with geological perception to resolve the hydrogeological complexities over granitic terrain at Hyderabad, India. Frequent failure of borehole drillings and the thrust conditions of community have prompted a noninvasive suitable tool, applied at small scale for pinpointing potential well site. Geophysical scanning, viz. electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), spontaneous potential (SP), and electrical gradient profiling (GP) were employed within the restricted space of housing complex to obtain the true characteristics of the subsurface lithology, where anomalies by the underground utility structures have been nullified. Results showed, in ERT, the low order of resistivity range 123 to 200?Ωm showing a plume like weathered zone underlain by sudden slip of massive granite (>217?Ωm) was of great interest to proceed further in the process. Here, the switchover in SP value from +18 mV to ?17 mV and GP from mean value 10 to 90 mV/m was recorded. The anomalies in SP and GP were precisely coincided with the ERT where upcoming of subsurface massive granite next to the inferred fracture was noted. Drilling core logs satisfies the geophysical signatures ensuring the inferred saturated fracture with the total yield 1,302 gal/h.  相似文献   

Integrated stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the P/E boundary interval, Rakhi Nala section, Indus Basin (Pakistan)     

Muhammad Hanif  Malcolm B. Hart  Stephen T. Grimes  Melanie J. Leng 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):323-339

Marine sedimentary section across the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary interval is preserved in the Dungan Formation (Lower Indus Basin), Pakistan. Four dinoflagellate zones in the P/E interval of the Rakhi Nala section (Lower Indus Basin) are identified and correlated. The quantitative analysis of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages together with geochemical data are used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment across the P/E interval. The dinocyst assemblages allow the local correlation of the Dungan Formation (part) of the Sulaiman Range with the Patala Formation (part) of the Upper Indus Basin and global correlation of the Zone Pak-DV with the Apectodinium acme Zone of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The onset of the carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) associated with Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is used globally to identify the P/E boundary. The CIE for the total organic carbon (fine fraction) δ¹³C_FF is of a magnitude of ?1.7‰ is recorded for the first time in the Indus Basin. The Apectodinium acme precedes and straddles the onset of the CIE in the Indus Basin. This Apectodinium acme is also accompanied by a planktonic and benthonic foraminifera “barren zone.” The CIE in the Indus Basin, coupled with the changes in the dinocyst distribution and the benthonic and planktonic foraminifera assemblages, provides evidence of the changes associated with the PETM in this little-known part of the world. The benthonic foraminiferal assemblage indicates bathyal environment of deposition at the time of P/E boundary interval; the presence of dominantly open marine dinoflagellates and high planktonic foraminiferal ratio suggest that the water column at this site was well connected with the rest of the Tethys.  相似文献   

Wind energy potential assessment using Weibull distribution with various numerical estimation methods: a case study in Mersing and Port Dickson,Malaysia     

Safari  Muhammad Aslam Mohd  Masseran  Nurulkamal  Majid  Muhammad Hilmi Abdul 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,148(3-4):1085-1110

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In this study, the Weibull distribution with various numerical estimation methods is utilized for the assessment of wind energy potential in Mersing and Port...  相似文献   

Influence of Icelandic Low pressure on winter precipitation variability over northern part of Indo-Pak Region     

Muhammad Jawed Iqbal  Kashif Ilyas 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):543-548

Several studies demonstrate that North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has dominant influence on the variability of climate over Southwest Asia. We deconstruct the NAO into its two components, the Azores High and the Icelandic Low. Regional circulations are influenced by changes not only in the pressure but also the positions of the Azores High and the Icelandic Low. The results presented in this paper exhibit that significantly great portions of interannual variance of winter precipitation over Indo-Pak Region (consists of Northeast Pakistan and Northwest India) can be explained by including the contributions of the Icelandic Low pressure in addition to ENSO and AO. This contribution also explains the physical mechanisms to establish the relationships between the COA and regional climate by examining composite maps of large-scale circulation fields using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry and pollution probability of selected sites along the Euphrates River, Western Iraq     

Salih Muhammad Awadh  Rasol Muhamad Ahmed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2501-2518

The hydrochemistry of Euphrates River in the study area which extended from Hit to Al-Saqlawia was studied in order to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties in addition to the radiation level. Thirty-one stations along the Euphrates River were chosen, 17 of them represented the Euphrates River itself, whereas the other stations are considered as point pollution sources which all empty their load directly in the Euphrates River with an average total discharge of 32 m³/s. Twenty-eight samples of the Euphrates water of both high- and low-flow periods were analyzed for cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺), anions (SO ₄ ⁼ , Cl^?, CO ₃ ⁼ , HCO ₃ ^? , NO ₃ ^? , PO ₄ ^?3 ), H₂S boron, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, bacteriological tests, radiation levels in addition to physical parameters such as hydrogen number (pH), total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, total suspended solid, and temperature. This study showed that the cations and anions during periods of high and low flows are within acceptable limit with exceptional Cl^?. Hydrochemical formula during the high flow was Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO₄, then it changed into Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO₄-Cl during the low-flow period. The average output cations and anions at downstream (Saqlawiya area) was relatively higher than those of input at upstream (Hit area); this attributed to the natural and anthropogenic activities originated mainly from agricultural activity and population communities around the river. Radiation level for ²¹²Pb, ²¹⁴Pb, ⁴⁰k, ²²⁰Ac, and ²¹⁴Bi showed that the higher level of radiation is concentrated within sediment rather than in water, but the radiation in both is within acceptable limit.  相似文献   

A probabilistic approach for estimating return period of extreme annual rainfall in different cities of Punjab     

M. J. Iqbal  Muhammad Ali 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2599-2606

Multi-day rainfall events are an important cause of recent severe flooding in Pakistan, and any change in the magnitude of such events may have severe impact upon urban structures such as dams, urban drainage systems, and flood. This article uses statistical distributions to define extremes of annual rainfall of different cities of Punjab (Lahore, Murree, Sialkot, and Jhelum) with given return periods. Our calculations suggest that general extreme value is the best-fitted distribution for the extreme annual rainfall of different cities of Punjab. Our calculations show that different cities of Punjab have 5 years return period for receiving more than 100 mm daily rainfall. While they have 30 years return period for receiving more than 200 mm daily rainfall. This asks for construction of new dams in Pakistan.  相似文献   

Chemical and physical control processes on the development of caves in the Injana Formation, Central Iraq     

Salih Muhammad Awadh  Zenah Saleem Abood  Murtadha Jabar Eisa 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3765-3772

The caves that are present within the Injana Formation (Upper Miocene–Pliocene) which sometimes extend to be hosted within the Dibdibba Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene) in the Tar Al-Najaf and Tar Al-Sayyed within the Najaf–Karbala district have been studied. The study aims to assess the genesis of caves and diagnose the factors affecting the building and the destruction of these caves through geologic time. For this reasons, intensive fieldwork as well as the mineralogical composition and microscopic interpretation were achieved to facilitate the investigation of cave-forming factors. Calcite, quartz, feldspar, dolomite, as well as clay minerals are the constituents of Injana Formation in the study area. The amount of insoluble residue is usually higher in weathered carbonates and in some other cases in fresh carbonate, which is not very common but it may occur. Caves appear to be hosted within the claystone beds and concentrated within Injana Formation, whereas the Dibdibba Formation seems to form the roof of the caves. The mechanism of building caves starts by microdissolution forming microfractures. Then with time, they have developed to be vertical joints. These joints were gradually enlarged as a result of claystone exfoliation along joint planes. Chemical weathering, physical weathering, and sedimentary structure (mud balls) play a key role in the processes of cave evolution. Some caves appear to be irregular, but others tend to be regular with rectangular shape, enough for hosting human beings. These caves may have been used as homes for the ancient human for his protection and improvement of his life. At the same time as the caves were formed, there were other natural factors working continuously that destroy the cave. These factors are dissolution, soil creep, and mass sliding. This work highly recommends for further contributions in terms of the archaeological investigation on these caves to discover the ancient civilization in this area, if any.  相似文献   

Noether gauge symmetry approach in quintom cosmology     

Adnan Aslam  Mubasher Jamil  Davood Momeni  Ratbay Myrzakulov  Muneer Ahmad Rashid  Muhammad Raza 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,348(2):533-540

In literature usual point like symmetries of the Lagrangian have been introduced to study the symmetries and the structure of the fields. This kind of Noether symmetry is a subclass of a more general family of symmetries, called Noether gauge symmetries (NGS). Motivated by this mathematical tool, in this paper, we study the generalized Noether symmetry of quintom model of dark energy, which is a two component fluid model with quintessence and phantom scalar fields. Our model is a generalization of the Noether symmetries of a single and multiple components which have been investigated in detail before. We found the general form of the quintom potential in which the whole dynamical system has a point like symmetry. We investigated different possible solutions of the system for diverse family of gauge function. Specially, we discovered two family of potentials, one corresponds to a free quintessence (phantom) and the second is in the form of quadratic interaction between two components. These two families of potential functions are proposed from the symmetry point of view, but in the quintom models they are used as phenomenological models without clear mathematical justification. From integrability point of view, we found two forms of the scale factor: one is power law and second is de-Sitter. Some cosmological implications of the solutions have been investigated.  相似文献