Influence of Load Path and Effective Stress on One-Dimensional Deformation of Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB) During Deposition and Curing     

Shahsavari  Mohammad  Jafari  Mohammadamin  Grabinsky  Murray 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(4):2319-2338

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Pore water pressure and effective stress development within cemented paste backfill (as one of the most popular local and regional underground mining...  相似文献   

Radio emission from supernova remnants: implications for post-shock magnetic field amplification & the magnetic fields of galaxies     

Todd A. Thompson  Eliot Quataert  Norman Murray † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1410-1419

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Coastal management challenges from a community perspective: The problem of ‘stealth privatization’ in a Canadian fishery     

Melanie G. Wiber  Murray A. Rudd  Evelyn Pinkerton  Anthony T. Charles  Arthur Bull 《Marine Policy》2010,34(3):598-605

Intertidal clam fisheries seem ideal candidates for the devolution of management authority from government to local stakeholders. In St. Mary's Bay, Nova Scotia, a private firm recently applied for a 10-year renewal of a large (1,627 ha) lease for quahog clam aquaculture. This case study examines the challenges of implementing community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in rural fisheries within a broad integrated coastal management (ICM) institutional environment that favours corporate stakeholders. The challenges facing clam harvesters in rural Digby Neck, Nova Scotia arise from poor communication and coordination within government and between government and communities, as well as higher-level policy conflicts. The most important challenge arises from ‘stealth privatization’ of clam beaches. A single firm was granted rights of first refusal to depurate all clams harvested from closed (polluted) beaches in the region, resulting in the de facto privatization of all (polluted and unpolluted) clam beaches. Experiences in other parts of Canada suggest there may be community-based governance approaches that avoid the pitfalls associated with corporate management of clam beaches. New thinking is required about how to moderate the ‘privatization paradigm’ so prevalent within senior levels of government in order to ensure environmental and social sustainability in rural fishing communities.  相似文献   

The chemistry of clay minerals: C.E. Weaver and L.D. Pollard. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 1973, 224 pp., Dfl. 65.00     

H.H. Murray 《Sedimentary Geology》1973,10(2):155-156

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Carbonate saturation and the effect of pressure on the alkalinity of interstitial waters from the Guatemala Basin     

James W. Murray  Steven Emerson  Richard Jahnke 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(7):963-972

Interstitial water samples were collected from the Guatemala Basin using an in situ sampler and by centrifuging box core sediment samples. Results from these two sampling methods for Mn, Si, PO₄ agree well. There is a systematic difference in the alkalinity values, however, which suggests that CaCO₃ (s) precipitates from the box core samples when they are brought from in situ pressure at 1 atm. Thus the alkalinity on box core samples is less than that on samples collected in situ. The magnitude of the alkalinity decrease can be calculated using basic thermodynamic principles and the observed and predicted differences agree well.Both sampling methods show a sharp drop in pH just below the sediment water interface which can be explained by the oxidation of organic matter by O₂ in the absence of CaCO₃. Alkalinity increases during the reduction of MnO₂(s) and release of Mn²⁺ to the interstitial water. The result is that interstitial waters become undersaturated with CaCO₃ immediately below the sediment/water interface and then return to or nearly to saturation at depth.  相似文献   

Interstitial water chemistry in the sediments of Saanich Inlet     

James W. Murray  Varis Grundmanis  William M. Smethie 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(7):1011-1026

Measurements of nutrients and trace metals are used to examine the processes controlling their distributions in the interstitial waters of Saanich Inlet. Samples were collected using both in situ and squeezing techniques with excellent agreement. Additional measurements of porosity, organic carbon and sedimentation rate by ²¹⁰Pb are used in conjunction with the nutrient measurements to test the equation for the diagenesis of organic matter in fine-grained, organic-rich and rapidly-accumulating sediments.Organic carbon and sulfate decrease with depth in the sediment whereas ammonia and alkalinity increase. In the zone of sulfate reduction (0–20 cm) the rate constants for sulfate reduction ($\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{s}}$), ammonia production ($\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{N}}$) and organic carbon decomposition ($\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{c}}$) agree within a factor of two. Our calculations indicate, however, that this is fortuitous since the observed decrease in paniculate organic carbon is insufficient to account for the sulfate consumption. Sulfate must also be consumed by reaction with methane diffusing up from the underlying sediments. The rate constant for sulfate reduction using particulate organic carbon is lower than a modelled rate encompassing all organic species, including methane.The rate constant for ammonia production ($\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{N}}$) decreases by an order of magnitude when sulfate is completely depleted and methane production dominates.Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the interstitial waters are saturated or supersaturated with respect to all forms of iron ‘monosulfides’, apatite and rhodochrosite.  相似文献   

The Loch Lomond Readvance and contemporaneous sea-levels in Loch Etive and neighbouring areas of western Scotland     

J. Murray Gray 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1975,86(2):227-238

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The symmetry of the time and latitude problems     

C. A. Murray 《Journal of Geodesy》1961,59(1):69-77

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Metal-solid interactions in the marine environment: Estimating apparent equilibrium binding constants     

L.S. Balistrieri  J.W. Murray 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(6):1091-1098

Surface chemistry concepts developed for heterogeneous oxide surfaces are illustrated with Cu, Cd, and Zn adsorption data on a well defined, model surface—goethite (αFeOOH)—and then applied to define the interaction or Zn with interfacial sediments from the Guatemala Basin at MANOP site H.Apparent equilibrium binding constants which describe metal associations with a surface, whose sites are composed of a spectrum of binding energies, are independent of adsorption density when sites are available in excess, but dependent on adsorption density when sites are limited. This conclusion makes it especially important to properly apply laboratory experimental results to describe adsorption processes in the natural environment. Therefore, a means for estimating the maximum adsorption density of an element on natural particles is discussed and used to estimate the quantity of Zn in interfacial sediments at MANOP site H which can be ascribed to the process of adsorption.  相似文献   

The Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: Quaternary Development of Coral Reefs: D. Hopley. Wiley-Interscience,New York,N.Y., 1982, xiv + 453 pp., £stg. 45.00 (hardcover)     

R.C. Murray 《Sedimentary Geology》1983,36(1):65-66

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