Implications of recent sea level rise science for low-elevation areas in coastal cities of the conterminous U.S.A.     

Jeremy L. Weiss  Jonathan T. Overpeck  Ben Strauss 《Climatic change》2011,105(3-4):635-645

Recently published work estimates that global sea level rise (SLR) approaching or exceeding 1 m by 2100 is plausible, thus significantly updating projections by the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Furthermore, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the 21st century will not only influence SLR in the next ??90 years, but will also commit Earth to several meters of additional SLR over subsequent centuries. In this context of worsening prospects for substantial SLR, we apply a new geospatial dataset to calculate low-elevation areas in coastal cities of the conterminous U.S.A. potentially impacted by SLR in this and following centuries. In total, 20 municipalities with populations greater than 300,000 and 160 municipalities with populations between 50,000 and 300,000 have land area with elevations at or below 6 m and connectivity to the sea, as based on the 1 arc-second National Elevation Dataset. On average, approximately 9% of the area in these coastal municipalities lies at or below 1 m. This figure rises to 36% when considering area at or below 6 m. Areal percentages of municipalities with elevations at or below 1?C6 m are greater than the national average along the Gulf and southern Atlantic coasts. In contrast to the national and international dimensions of and associated efforts to curb GHG emissions, our comparison of low-elevation areas in coastal cities of the conterminous U.S.A. clearly shows that SLR will potentially have very local, and disproportionate, impacts.  相似文献   

An amalgamated meter-thick sedimentary package enabled by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in El Garrapatero,Galapagos Islands     

Maria Elizabeth Martin Arcos  Breanyn Tiel MacInnes  Patricia Arreaga  Frances Rivera-Hernandez  Robert Weiss  Patrick Lynett 《Quaternary Research》2013

Tsunamis and storms instigate sedimentological and geomorphological changes to the coastal system, both long-term and ephemeral. To accurately predict future coastal hazards, one must identify the records that are generated by the processes associated with these hazards and recognize what will be preserved. Using eyewitness accounts, photographs, and sedimentology, this study documents pre- and post-tsunami conditions and constrains the timing and process of depositional events during and following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami in the coastal system at El Garrapatero, Galapagos Islands. While the tsunami acted as both an erosional and depositional agent, the thick, fan-like sand sheet in El Garrapatero was primarily emplaced by overwash deposition during high tide from swell waves occurring between 19–25 March and 17–22 April 2011. The swell waves were only able to access the terrestrial coastal system via a channel carved by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami through the barrier sand dune. This combined deposit could result in an overestimation of the hazard if interpreted to be the result of only one event (either tsunami or wind-generated waves). An analogous sand layer, younger than 1390–1530 cal yr BP, may record a similar, prior event.  相似文献   

Subdividing the Holocene Series/Epoch: formalization of stages/ages and subseries/subepochs,and designation of GSSPs and auxiliary stratotypes     

MIKE WALKER  Martin J. Head  John Lowe  Max Berkelhammer  Svante Bj rck  Hai Cheng  Les C. Cwynar  David Fisher  Vasileios Gkinis  Antony Long  Rewi Newnham  Sune Olander Rasmussen  Harvey Weiss 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(3):173-186

The Holocene, which currently spans ~11 700 years, is the shortest series/epoch within the geological time scale (GTS), yet it contains a rich archive of evidence in stratigraphical contexts that are frequently continuous and often preserved at high levels of resolution. On 14 June 2018, the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences formally ratified a proposal to subdivide the Holocene into three stages/ages, along with their equivalent subseries/subepochs, each anchored by a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The new stages are the Greenlandian (Lower/Early Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP2 ice core and dated at 11 700 a b2k (before 2000 CE); the Northgrippian (Middle Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP1 ice core and dated at 8236 a b2k; and the Meghalayan (Upper/Late Holocene Subseries/Subepoch) with its GSSP in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave, north‐eastern India, with a date of 4250 a b2k. We explain the nomenclature of the new divisions, describe the procedures involved in the ratification process, designate auxiliary stratotypes to support the GSSPs and consider the implications of the subdivision for defining the Anthropocene as a new unit within the GTS.  相似文献   

A low-resolution spectrophotometer for measuring the integrated colour of galaxies     

K. D. Rakos  W. W. Weiss  S. Müller  R. Pressberger  P. Wachtler  J. M. Schombert  T. J. Kreidl 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1990,171(1-2):305-306

The spectrophotometer presented here combines the advantage of aperture photometry with spectrophotometry to obtain colours of extended objects over the range of 3500–6000 Å. The spectrophotometric resolution matches the resolution of intermediate-band interference filters of about 140 Å FWHM.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in a marine influenced coal and its organic solvent extracts from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wenfeng Wang  Yong Qin  Shuxun Sang  Yanming Zhu  Chaoyong Wang  Dominik J. Weiss 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,76(4):309-317

Twenty-six samples including roof, bottom and coal plies of a marine influenced coal bed were collected from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China. The rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in solids and organic solvent extracts. The distribution pattern showed three distinct patterns: shale-like, LREE-rich and HREE-rich. This is attributed to the variable microenvironment of peat-forming swamp, the degree of marine influences and different REE sources. REEs in the coal are mainly controlled by detrital minerals but also affected by seawater. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the organic solvent extracts are distinctly different from those of corresponding original coal samples, which show a negative Eu anomaly, a depletion of middle REEs and an enrichment of HREEs. The LREEs in coal extracts are likely adsorbed by hydrogen-containing functional groups, and HREEs are likely bonded to carbon atoms.  相似文献   

The role of climate-related information in pest management     

A. Weiss 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1990,41(1-2):87-92

Summary A distinction is made between climate information and climate-related information. The former pertains to any expression of climate data used for decision making. Climaterelated information for pest management results from quantifying relationships between host, environment, and pest and presenting the consequences of different actions, a decisionmaking format. It is suggested that in order to develop climate-related information for pest management, automated weather stations in climatological networks should be expanded from these site specific locations to crop specific locations. Combining physical and biological data can be the basis for developing or improving crop/pest interaction models and can also serve as a database for verifying existing models. These models can be run under different economic and climatic scenarios with different risk preferences to present end users with results from different pest management options.With 2 Figures  相似文献   

Li zoning in zircon as a potential geospeedometer and peak temperature indicator     

Dustin Trail  Daniele J. Cherniak  E. Bruce Watson  T. Mark Harrison  Benjamin P. Weiss  Ian Szumila 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(3):25

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Scavenging of particulate matter in coastal waters     

H. Weiss  M. Koide  K. K. Bertine  E. D. Goldberg   《Marine Chemistry》1991,32(2-4)

The uptake of a suite of 19 metals from coastal seawaters upon both glass and Teflon surfaces reflected primarily the sorption of particulate matter derived from crustal rock weathering. Uptake for all elements was greater in the light than in the dark. Based upon these and earlier results, a new definition of scavenging for environmental systems is proposed.  相似文献   

Book review of The magnetic universe,geophysical and astrophysical dynamo theory,by G. Rüdiger and R. Hollerbach,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim, 2004, XI+332 pp., £90.00, $161.00, €135.00, hardback (ISBN: 3-527-40409-0).     

Nigel Weiss 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):347-348

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A review of: “Finite-difference techniques for vectorized fluid dynamics calculations”     

N. O. Weiss 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):344-345

Abstract

Edited by D. L. Book. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981. 226 pp., DM 72,—, $33.60. (ISBN 0 387 104828)  相似文献