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51.
Kenta Kobayashi Satoshi Hirano Takashi Arai Ryuji Ikeda Kentaro Omura Hiroyuki Sano Takashi Sawaguchi Hidemi Tanaka Tomoaki Tomita Naoto Tomida Tatsuo Matsuda Akiko Yamazaki 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):411-421
Abstract Characteristics of deformation and alteration of the 1140 m deep fracture zone of the Nojima Fault are described based on mesoscopic (to the naked eye) and microscopic (by both optical and scanning electron microscopes) observations of the Hirabayashi National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) drill core. Three types of fault rocks; that is, fault breccia, fault gouge and cataclasite, appear in the central part of the fault zone and two types of weakly deformed and/or altered rocks; that is, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite and altered granodiorite, are located in the outside of the central part of the fault zone (damaged zone). Cataclasite appears occasionally in the damaged zone. Six distinct, thin foliated fault gouge zones, which dip to the south-east, appear clearly in the very central part of the fracture zone. Slickenlines plunging to the north-east are observed on the surface of the newest gouge. Based on the observations of XZ thin sections, these slickenlines and the newest gouge have the same kinematics as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake), which was dextral-reverse slip. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the freeze-dried fault gouge show that a large amount of void space is maintained locally, which might play an important role as a path for fluid migration and the existence of either heterogeneity of pore fluid pressure or strain localization. 相似文献
52.
53.
Naoya Suzuki Naoto Ebuchi Chaofang Zhao Isao Watabe Yasuhiro Sugimori 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(3):305-313
Relationship between the non-dimensional roughness length and inverse of wave age has been discussed without consideration
of wave directions, though wind wave field consists of various directional component waves. In this study we observe wave
heights by an array of four wave gauges at the Hiratsuka Tower of (Independent Administrative Institution) National Research
Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Japan, and discuss the effect of wave directionality. As a result,
the data sets were classified into two different groups according to the directional wave spectrum distribution. In case 1
only swell and wind waves exist and in case 2 there exist wave components from several directions. It is shown that the case
of multiple-directional component waves (case 2) may affect the non-dimensional roughness length and friction velocity. 相似文献
54.
Latitudinal changes in larger benthic foraminiferal assemblages in shallow-water reef sediments along the Ryukyu Islands, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract The taxonomic diversity of hermatypic corals decreases with increasing latitude, which correlates with sea‐surface temperatures. However, little is known about latitudinal changes in the taxonomic diversity and biogeographic patterns of larger benthic foraminifera, although their physiological requirements are similar to those of hermatypic corals because of their symbiotic relationships with microalgae. The present study examined how the abundance and taxonomic composition of larger foraminiferal assemblages in shallow‐water reef sediments change with latitude along the Ryukyu Islands (Ryukyus), which are located near the northern limit of coral‐reef distributions in the western Pacific Ocean. Three islands from different latitudes in the Ryukyus were selected to investigate latitudinal changes in larger foraminiferal assemblages: Ishigaki Island (24°20′N, 124°10′E), Kudaka Island (26°09′N, 127°54′E) and Tane‐ga‐shima Island (30°20′N, 131°E). Four sediment samples were taken at each of three topographic sites (beach, shallow lagoon and reef crest) on the reef flat of each island. Foraminiferal tests of a 2.0‐ to 0.5‐mm size fraction were selected, identified and counted. The variations in foraminiferal abundance in reef sediments from three latitudinally different islands exhibit two contrasting trends along reef flats: a shoreward decrease on Ishigaki and Tane‐ga‐shima Islands and a shoreward increase on Kudaka Island. A total of 25, 24 and 13 foraminiferal taxa were identified in Ishigaki, Kudaka and Tane‐ga‐shima Islands, respectively. Baculogypsina sphaerulata, Neorotalia calcar and Amphistegina spp. were dominant (i.e. >3% of foraminiferal assemblages) in the three islands. Calcarina gaudichaudii and Calcarina hispida were common on Ishigaki and Kudaka Islands but were absent on Tane‐ga‐shima Island. Larger foraminiferal assemblages from three different reef‐flat environments on Ishigaki Island can be distinguished, whereas those from the three environments on Kudaka and Tane‐ga‐shima Islands are similar in composition. These latitudinal changes in larger foraminiferal assemblages in reef sediments may possibly be caused by variations in the topography of reef flats, distributions and standing crops of living foraminifers on reef flats, and the northern limit of some calcarinid species in the northern Ryukyus. 相似文献
55.
Sheng XU Lufeng GUAN Maoliang ZHANG Jun ZHONG Wei LIU Xian'gang XIE Congqiang LIU Naoto TAKAHATA Yuji SANO 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(1):139-155
A large number of gases are releasing from the medium-high temperature geothermal fields distributed along the large-scale strike-slip fault zones in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.In this study,11 hot spring water and the associated bubbling gas samples were collected along the Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zones(XSH-ANHFZ)and analyzed for chemical and isotopic compositions.The δ18H_(2O) and δDH_(2O) values indicate that hot spring waters are predominantly meteoric origin recharged from different altitudes.Most water samples are significantly enriched in Na+ and HCO3 due to the dissolution of regional evaporites,carbonates and Na-silicates.3He/4He ratios of the gas samples are 0.025-2.73 times the atmospheric value.The 3He/4He ratios are high in the Kangding region where the dense faults are distributed,and gradually decrease with increasing distance from Kangding towards both sides along the Xianshuihe fault zones(XSHFZ).Hydrothermal fluids have dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)concentrations from 2 to 42 mmol L-1,δ13CDIC from -6.9‰ to 1.3‰,δ13CCO_(2) from -7.2‰ to -3.6‰ and Δ14C from -997‰ to -909‰.Combining regional geochemical and geological information,the CO2sources can be attributed to deep-sourced CO2from mantle and metamorphism of marine carbonate,and shallow-sourced CO2from the dissolution of marine carbonate and biogenic CO2.The mass balance model shows that 11±6% of the DIC is sourced from the dissolution of shallow carbonate minerals,9±8% formed by pyrolysis of sedimentary organic matter,80±9% derived from deep metamorphic origin and mantle-derived CO2.Among them,the deep-sourced CO2in Anninghe fault zones(ANHFZ)is merely metamorphic carbon,whereas ca.12% and ca.88% of the deep-sourced CO2in the XSHFZ are derived from the mantle and metamorphic carbon,respectively.The average deep-sourced CO2flux in the Kangding geothermal field is estimated to be 160 ta-1.If all the hot springs in various fault zones in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau are taken into account,the regional deep-sourced CO2flux would reach ca.105 ta-1.These results show that the deep-sourced CO2released from nonvolcanic areas might account for a considerable proportion of the total amount of global deep-sourced carbon degassing,which should be paid more attention to. 相似文献
56.
Validation of wind speeds and significant wave heights observed by the TOPEX altimeter around Japan 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The wind speeds and significant wave heights observed by the TOPEX altimeter during the first 30 repeat cycles (for about 10 months) are validated by comparing with the data obtained at Japanese Ocean Data Buoy stations. The values of Kuband 0 observed by the altimeter show good agreement with those estimated from the buoy wind speed using the modified Chelton-Wentz algorithm. The wind speeds derived from the Ku-band 0 using the algorithm agree well with the buoy data with an rms difference of 1.99 ms–1. The significant wave heights observed by the altimeter have a systematic bias of 0.3 m. 相似文献
57.
Masahisa Kubota Naoto Iwasaka Shoichi Kizu Masanori Konda Kunio Kutsuwada 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(1):213-225
We have constructed ocean surface data sets using mainly satellite data and called them Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with
Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO). The data sets include shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, latent heat flux,
sensible heat flux, and momentum flux etc. This article introduces J-OFURO and compares it with other global flux data sets
such as European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
reanalysis data and da Silva et al. (1994). The usual ECMWF data are used for comparison of zonal wind. The comparison is carried out for a meridional profile
along the dateline for January and July 1993. Although the overall spatial variation is common for all the products, there
is a large difference between them in places. J-OFURO shortwave radiation in July shows larger meridional contrast than other
data sets. On the other hand, J-OFURO underestimates longwave radiation flux at low- and mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.
J-OFURO latent heat flux in January overestimates at 10°N–20°N and underestimates at 25°N–40°N. Finally, J-OFURO shows a larger
oceanic net heat loss at 10°N–20°N and a smaller loss north of 20°N in January. The data of da Silva et al. in July show small net heat loss around 20°S and large gain around 20°N, while the NCEP reanalysis (NRA) data show the opposite.
The da Silva et al. zonal wind speed overestimates at low-latitudes in January, while ECMWF wind data seem to underestimate the easterlies.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
58.
Junichi Takeuchi Naoto Honda Yoshitaka Morikawa Takashi Koike Yutaka Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):45-52
Along the southwest coast of the Kii Peninsula, a bifurcation current is regularly observed. By using ADCP data taken on board
the R/V Wakayama of the Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, characteristics of this bifurcation current are
analyzed. The occurrence frequency of the bifurcation current reaches about 70% in the period from 1988 to 1996. The bifurcation
point appears to be changeable and occurs almost evenly between Cape Ichie and Cape Shionomisaki. The current divergence in
the alongshore direction was also investigated. Positive divergence values dominated in the whole analyzed area, and an onshore
current appears to be dominant along the southwest coast of the Kii Peninsula, except in 1990 when the Kuroshio flowed in
a large meandering path. 相似文献
59.
Fluid Inclusion Study of Skarns in the Maruyama Deposit, the Kamioka Mine, Central Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: Fluid inclusions in skarn minerals in the Maruyama deposit, the Kamioka mine, central Japan were studied. Homogenization temperatures (Th) of fluid inclusions in 48 skarn minerals (hedenbergite, andradite, epidote and quartz) were measured, and gas composition of fluid inclusions in 12 skarn minerals was measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The maximum Th value of primary inclusions in hedenbergite is 380C with peaks around 360C. Primary inclusions in hedenbergite near contact between skarn and limestone have slightly lower Th values and their distribution has a tendency of long trail skirt toward low temperature, which indicates ceasing of skarnization coincides with temperature decrease. Fluid inclusions in andradite and quartz in the hedenbergite skarn have lower Th values, in this order, than those in hedenbergite. CH4–detected fluid inclusions are localized around the Maruyama fault. Gas composition of the fluid inclusions indicates that fluid trapped in the hedenbergite has CO2 content less than 1 mole % and is not in equilibrium with graphite. 相似文献
60.
Subinertial and seasonal variations in the Soya Warm Current revealed by HF ocean radars,coastal tide gauges,and bottom-mounted ADCP 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Naoto Ebuchi Yasushi Fukamachi Kay I. Ohshima Masaaki Wakatsuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(1):31-43
Subinertial and seasonal variations in the Soya Warm Current (SWC) are investigated using data obtained by high frequency
(HF) ocean radars, coastal tide gauges, and a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The HF radars clearly
captured the seasonal variations in the surface current fields of the SWC. Almost the same seasonal cycle was repeated in
the period from August 2003 to March 2007, although interannual variations were also discernible. In addition to the annual
and interannual variations, the SWC exhibited subinertial variations with a period of 5–20 days. The surface transport by
the SWC was significantly correlated with the sea level difference between the Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk for both the
seasonal and subinertial variations, indicating that the SWC is driven by the sea level difference between the two seas. The
generation mechanism of the subinertial variation is discussed using wind data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather
Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses. The subinertial variations in the SWC were significantly correlated with the meridional wind stress
component over the region. The subinertial variations in the sea level difference and surface current delay from the meridional
wind stress variations by one or two days. Sea level difference through the strait caused by wind-generated coastally trapped
waves (CTWs) along the east coast of Sakhalin and west coast of Hokkaido is considered to be a possible mechanism causing
the subinertial variations in the SWC. 相似文献