Model tests on XCC-piled embankment under dynamic train load of high-speed railways     

Tingting Niu  Hanlong Liu  Xuanming Ding  Changjie Zheng 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2018,17(3):581-594

Piled embankments, which offer many advantages, are increasingly popular in construction of high-speed railways in China. Although the performance of piled embankment under static loading is well-known, the behavior under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is not yet understood. In light of this, a heavily instrumented piled embankment model was set up, and a model test was carried out, in which a servo-hydraulic actuator outputting M-shaped waves was adopted to simulate the process of a running train. Earth pressure, settlement, strain in the geogrid and pile and excess pore water pressure were measured. The results show that the soil arching height under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is shorter than under static loading. The growth trend for accumulated settlement slowed down after long-term vibration although there was still a tendency for it to increase. Accumulated geogrid strain has an increasing tendency after long-term vibration. The closer the embankment edge, the greater the geogrid strain over the subsoil. Strains in the pile were smaller under dynamic train loads, and their distribution was different from that under static loading. At the same elevation, excess pore water pressure under the track slab was greater than that under the embankment shoulder.  相似文献   

Discussion: An approach to the measurement of the potential structural damage of earthquake ground motions     

Haluk Sucuolu 《地震工程与结构动力学》1997,26(12):1283-1285

  相似文献   

Household recovery strategies in Longmen Mountain area,Sichuan, China,following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake disaster     

Di  Baofeng  Li  Jierui  Dandoulaki  Miranda  Cruz  Ana Maria  Zhang  Ruixin  Niu  Zhipan 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):123-137

After the Wenchuan earthquake, the overall post-reconstruction of the affected area was completed in 2 years with significant achievements in a top-down fashion. However, the secondary large-scale mass movements and floods that followed the earthquake have shattered mountain settlements and resulted in serious loss of life and property over the last ten years. Local people have taken their own initiative for house reconstruction and recovery. Having taken the tremendous government-driven reconstruction into consideration, the current study aims to understand the contribution of bottom-up approach in whole reconstruction process in Jianjiang River, Longmen Mountain Town of Sichuan, China. This study reveals that in the process of individual rebuilding, local households have tried to construct houses by using more contemporary structures and local resources to rebuild smaller buildings. Such reconstruction activities have changed their lifestyle and source of income to cope with future disasters and adapt with the post-disaster recovery process. Rural households shifted their income sources from tourism to labour migration while revitalizing farming for food and additional income. More than half of residents have no worry about the risk of disasters in reconstruction areas. The bottom-up adaptation can be more sustainable in Longmen Mountain area and provide a reference for other rural areas under recovery after disasters.

  相似文献   

张家口蔚县农村房屋抗震性能调查及统计分析     

马旭东  牛露  刘晓丹  刘龙  茅远哲  关恒瑜  刘贾贾  刘志辉 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):829-837

为进一步了解蔚县地区农村房屋的抗震性能,在该地区选取43个村庄、7732栋房屋进行实地调查和统计分析。主要调查房屋结构、建筑材料、房屋抗震构造措施等内容,分析各结构类型房屋抗震薄弱环节及房屋抗震性能,并统计分析经济、交通、地形等因素与房屋结构类型及抗震性能的关系,提出提高该地区农村房屋抗震性能的建议。  相似文献   

Adsorption characteristics of copper ion on nanoporous silica     

Yanhui Niu  Wenbin Yu  Zonghua Qin  Xin Nie  Shuguang Yang  Quan Wan 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(4):517-529

Adsorption by nanoporous media is critically involved in many fundamental geological and geochemical processes including chemical weathering,element migration and enrichment,environmental pollution,etc.Yet,the adsorption behavior of metal ions on nanoporous materials has not been systematically investigated.In this study,MCM-41 material with a monodisperse pore size(4.4 nm)and a large BET specific surface area(839 m^2/g)was hydrothermally prepared and used as a model silica adsorbent to study the adsorption characteristics of Cu^2+as a representative metal ion.The Cu^2+adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing suspension pH in the range from 3 to 5 and to decrease in the presence of NaNO3.At 25℃,pH=5,and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 5 g/L,the adsorption capacity was determined to be 0.29 mg/g,which can be converted to a dimensionless partition coefficient of 45,indicating a strong enriching effect of nanoporous silica.The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were fitted to several commonly used thermodynamic,kinetic,and diffusion models.The adsorption mechanism was also studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The results suggest that Cu2+ion adsorption is an entropy-driven endothermal process,possibly involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes.  相似文献   

Geochemical correlations between effusive and explosive silicic volcanics in the Saraykent region (Yozgat), central Anatolia,Turkey     

Gonca Genaliolu‐Kucu  Peter A. Floyd 《Geological Journal》2002,37(2):143-165

Two main volcanic events are distinguished between Saraykent and Akçakışla in the Yozgat province of central Anatolia: (1) early Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene effusive activity, that produced a sequence of intermediate to felsic ‘basal lavas’; and (2) marginally later Palaeocene explosive activity that formed a series of covering ignimbrite flows. Due to their close temporal and spatial relation, geochemical comparisons were made between the silicic members of the lavas and ignimbrites, to identify chemical groups and their relative petrogenesis. The basal lavas range from calc‐alkaline basaltic andesites to dominant rhyolites. Based on trace element correlations three main geochemical groups were identified: the Akçakışla rhyolites (present as domes); Akçakışla rhyodacites‐dacites (lava flows); and Ozan‐Saraykent rhyolites (lava flows). Large‐ion lithophile elements have been mobile in all the groups, but mainly in the Akçakışla rhyolites. Rare earth element (REE) patterns show marked similarity between the Ozan and Saraykent basal lavas. The Akçakışla dome rhyolites are more fractionated with lower La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.10), whereas the Akçakışla basal lavas have much higher La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.30). The chemical coherence and petrographic similarities between the Saraykent and Ozan lavas suggest a single suite related via fractionation. Three geochemical groups were also established for the ignimbrites: Saraykent ignimbrite; Bağlıca ignimbrite‐Toklu‐Kızıldağ crystal tuffs; and Keklikpınar ignimbrite. The ignimbrites, like the basal lavas, display a pronounced depletion in Ba on ORG‐normalized plots. Relative to the basal lavas, chondrite‐normalized patterns for the ignimbrites are different in displaying negative Eu anomalies that indicate feldspar fractionation. The lack of geochemical overlap or coherence between any of the lava and ignimbrite groups suggests that they represent distinct eruptive events and are not related in any simple volcanic development and cogenetic sense. Two geochemical features are common to all the volcanic rock groups: (1) the presence of a Nb‐Ta anomaly, which is generally accepted as a crustal signature; and (2) the relatively low Y abundances which appear characteristic for the region as a whole. These fundamental features of the local silicic volcanism largely reflect source composition and effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于极限学习机的GF-2影像分类     

王明常  张馨月  张旭晴  王凤艳  牛雪峰  王红 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(2):373-378

遥感图像分类是提取图像有效信息过程中重要的一部分,为了探寻最优的分类方法,许多机器学习算法逐步应用于遥感分类中。极限学习机（extreme learning machine,ELM）以其高效、快速和良好的泛化性能在模式识别领域得到广泛应用。本文采用训练速度快、运算量小的极限学习机算法与支持向量机（support vector machines,SVM）算法和最大似然法进行分类对比,对高分辨率遥感图像进行分类,分析极限学习机算法对于遥感图像分类的准确度等性能。选取吉林省长春市部分区域的GF-2遥感数据,将融合后的影像设置为原始数据,利用3种方法进行分类。研究结果表明,极限学习机算法分类图像总体分类精度达到85%以上,kappa系数达到0.718,与其他分类方法相比分类准确度较高,且极限学习机运行时间比支持向量机运行时间约短2 480 s,约为支持向量机运行时间的1/8,因此具有良好的性能和实用价值。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系数字岩心图像中生物扰动的定量表征^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

牛永斌  崔胜利  胡亚洲  钟建华  王培俊 《古地理学报》2017,19(2):353-363

生物扰动对塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”储集性能的改造效应具有重要影响。以塔河油田奥陶系岩心为研究对象,利用Adobe^® Photoshop^® CS6软件提供的生物扰动数字图像分析软件包,对岩心数字图像中生物扰动区域进行了识别和定量表征。结果表明: (1)在生物扰动数字图像分析软件包提供的方法中,“相似像素选择法”和“魔棒法”是对生物扰动识别与定量表征最为有效的方法,但二者适用范围不同;(2)“相似像素选择法”适用于生物扰动程度较大,单个形体相对较小且离散度相对较高的情况:当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较大时,应用“选取相似”操作效果最好;而当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较小时,应用“色彩范围”操作识别效果最好;这2种操作都仅能执行1次;(3)“魔棒法”对于识别生物扰动区域形体大而分布连续,且充填物颜色不同的情况具有独到优势;该方法可以通过多次重复操作以及调整“容差”来提高生物扰动区域与围岩基质的识别度。该研究对从生物成因角度解释碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”的非均质性与分布规律、实现增强储集性能生物扰动属性表征、丰富海相碳酸盐岩储集层地质学理论、指导该类油气藏远景勘探和储量计算以及选择合理的开发方案等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地东部中二叠统平地泉组具“斑状”结构热水喷流沉积岩的成因及地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

李红  柳益群  张丽霞  周鑫  牛元哲  李旭  刘永杰 《古地理学报》2017,19(2):211-226

准噶尔盆地东部中二叠统平地泉组(相当于芦草沟组)发育一套陆内裂谷背景下的湖泊相砂岩、泥岩、灰岩、白云岩、凝灰岩互层以及它们的过渡岩石,是区内最主要的烃源岩和储集层。近年来,在帐北断褶带、石树沟凹陷和吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统平地泉组暗色泥岩、泥晶白云岩中发现了一类特殊的沉积岩,该类岩石发育类似火山岩的斑状结构。“斑晶”主要为粗晶白云石、方解石、黄铁矿及方沸石等,在岩心标本上呈“树枝状”或“雪花状”散布于基质中;基质则主要由泥晶白云石或泥质沉积物构成,富含有机质,发育水平层理及小型变形层理等。岩石学和矿物学分析表明,“斑晶”往往为粗晶方解石或白云石的集合体,也常见黄铁矿、方沸石与碳酸盐矿物共生,“斑晶”方解石发育环带,而白云石未见明显环带。电子探针分析表明“斑晶”方解石具有低镁、低铁及锶分布不均匀的特点,而“斑晶”白云石(FeO含量介于7.272%~11.086%之间)与“基质”泥晶白云石(FeO含量为1.027%)相比具有明显富铁的特点。流体包裹体分析表明“斑晶”方解石均一温度平均为180.68,℃,“斑晶”白云石均一温度平均为320.95,℃。这种特殊 “斑状”白云岩和“斑状”泥质岩很可能是湖底热液喷流作用的结果。当湖水沿深大断裂下渗至地下深处,与围岩发生物质交换并被加热后再沿断裂返回地表喷涌而出,热液流体携带的离子达到过饱和后就会析出方解石、白云石及黄铁矿等集合体,随热液的喷涌作用上升并破碎散落于湖底细粒沉积物内。“斑状”白云岩的发现对新疆北部中二叠统热水喷流沉积作用及该区油气的成因研究具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

麦盖提斜坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其意义     

牛君  黄文辉  丁文龙  蒋文龙  张亚美  漆立新  云露  吕海涛 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(1)

依据实测的塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡玉北地区41个碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素数据,结合岩石学方法,研究了碳氧同位素的组成、演化及其地质意义。数据显示,δ~(13) C值主要分布在-2.6‰~0.7‰,均值为-1.0‰;δ~(18) O值分布在-9.4‰~-3.5‰,均值为-6.9‰。玉北地区古盐度为118.39~126.34,平均为121.94。奥陶系碳酸盐岩淡水改造作用明显。碳氧同位素的组成和演化不但可以指示沉积环境,而且还与生物生产率以及古海平面变化呈正相关性:δ~(13) C的低值对应于局限台地台内滩亚相沉积环境;δ~(13) C的高值对应于开阔台地滩间海、台内滩亚相沉积环境。碳氧同位素组成还对成岩环境有明显响应:鹰山组δ~(13) C与δ~(18) O均向高负值偏移,表明经历过强烈的表生岩溶作用;蓬莱坝组δ~(13) C低—中负值,δ~(18) O表现为高负值,在白云岩储层中可见鞍状白云石及燧石,主要为深埋藏成岩环境;良里塔格组同位素特征为δ~(18) O高负值,δ~(13) C低正值,并且在进入埋藏岩溶阶段之前还经历过风化壳岩溶作用。  相似文献