The rupture process during the 1999 Düzce, Turkey, earthquake from joint inversion of teleseismic and strong-motion data     

Nur Umutlu  Kazuki Koketsu  Claus Milkereit 《Tectonophysics》2004,391(1-4):315

Teleseismic and strong-motion data are inverted to determine the rupture process during the November 1999 Düzce earthquake in NW Turkey. The fault geometry, rise time and rupture velocity are determined from the aftershock distribution and preliminary inversions of the teleseismic data. Joint inversion of the teleseismic and strong-motion data is then carried out for the slip distribution. We obtain the strike 264°, dip 64°, rake −172°, seismic moment 5.0×10¹⁹ N m (M_w 7.1), and average stress drop 7 MPa. This earthquake was characterized by bilateral fault rupture and asymmetric slip distribution. Two asperities (areas of large slip) are identified, the eastern one being 1.5 times larger than the western one. The derived slip distribution is consistent with the aftershock distribution, surface rupture and damage. The point of rupture initiation in this Düzce earthquake coincided with the eastern tip of the aftershock distribution of the August 1999 Izmit earthquake.  相似文献   

Erroneous interpretation of historical documents related to the epicenter of the 1927 Jericho earthquake in the Holy Land     

R. Avni  D. Bowman  A. Shapira  A. Nur 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(4):469-476

The 1927 earthquake was the strongestseismic event (M = 6.2) of the 20th centuryin the Holy Land and the first significantone in the region to be recorded worldwideby seismometers. By quoting theseismological station in Ksara, the ISSlocated the epicenter 40 km north of theDead Sea. This location, which wassupported by secondary and tertiarymacroseismic `evidence' and became one ofthe most accepted `facts', was neverquestioned nor reevaluated.We show how an initial mistaken earthquakelocation, supported by questionableevidence, struck roots and eventually becamean accepted fact. This typical `chain oferrors' may serve as a warning regardingtreatment of historical macroseismicsources, as well as historical microseismicdocuments. The conclusions drawn from thisstudy, while focusing on historicaldocumentation, fit well the new epicenterof the 1927 earthquake, recalculated in ourformer study.  相似文献   

Hydrological Characteristics of Estuary in Wulan Delta in Demak Regency,Indonesia     

Lintang Nur Fadlillah  Widyastuti  M.  Geottongsong  Tanita  Sunarto  Marfai  Muh Aris 《Water Resources》2019,46(6):832-843

Water Resources - Understanding estuarine characteristics is crucial for managing aquatic ecosystem and aquaculture. A delta is a dynamic area that influence by both sea and river. Research on a...  相似文献   

The informal channels of indigenous tenants in coping with the inefficient bureaucracy of the Gezira Scheme,Sudan     

Abdullahi O. El-Tom  El-Dayem Osman Nur 《GeoJournal》1995,36(1):79-85

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Can devolution and rural capacity trigger de-urbanization? Case studies in Kenya and Malaysia respectively     

Andrew Munya  Nur Huzeima Mohd Hussain  Mugwima B. Njuguna 《GeoJournal》2015,80(3):427-443

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Underwater glider modelling and analysis for net buoyancy, depth and pitch angle control     

Nur Afande Ali Hussain  Rosmiwati Mohd-Mokhtar 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(16):1782-1791

Underwater glider is an autonomous underwater vehicle that glides by controlling their buoyancy and attitude using internal actuators. By changing the vehicle's buoyancy intermittently, vertical motion can be achieved. Characteristics of glider motion include upward and downward movement in a saw tooth pattern, turning and gliding in a vertical spiral motion and gliding without using thrusters or propellers. This paper presents the modelling and identification on net buoyancy, depth and pitching angle of an underwater glider system. A ballast tank subsystem is considered appropriate for the identification process since it is the main parameter for the motion control. By selecting the ballast rate as the input, three aspects of the dynamics of a glider can be observed: buoyancy, depth of the glider and pitching angle. The MATLAB System Identification Toolbox^TM is used to obtain a mathematical model of the glider ballast-buoyancy, ballast-depth and ballast-pitching angle conditioning system. The best three parametric estimation models are chosen, and the results of the comparison between simulated and estimated outputs are presented. The information obtained from the modelling and identification approaches are used for USM's Underwater Glider Prototype controller design. The information observed during this procedure are utilised for optimisation, stability, reliability and robustness analysis of the underwater glider.  相似文献   

Theoretical investigation of the neutron star in low-mass X-ray binary X1822-371 (V691 CrA)     

Sk. Monowar Hossein  Nur Farhad  Sajahan Molla  Mehedi Kalam 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(6):203

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Adaptive state estimation of groundwater contaminant boundary input flux in a 2-dimensional aquifer     

Muhammad Malik Nauman  Murtuza Mehdi  Asif Iqbal  Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar  Brahim Aissa  Dk Nur Afiqah Jalwati Puteri  Amer Farhan Rafique 《地下水科学与工程》2019,(4):373-382

In many circumstances involving heat and mass transfer issues,it is considered impractical to measure the input flux and the resulting state distribution in the domain.Therefore,the need to develop techniques to provide solutions for such problems and estimate the inverse mass flux becomes imperative.Adaptive state estimator(ASE)is increasingly becoming a popular inverse estimation technique which resolves inverse problems by incorporating the semi-Markovian concept into a Bayesian estimation technique,thereby developing an inverse input and state estimator consisting of a bank of parallel adaptively weighted Kalman filters.The ASE is particularly designed for a system that encompasses independent unknowns and/or random switching of input and measurement biases.The present study describes the scheme to estimate the groundwater input contaminant flux and its transient distribution in a conjectural two-dimensional aquifer by means of ASE,which in particular is because of its unique ability to efficiently handle the process noise giving an estimation of keeping the relative error range within 10%in 2-dimensional problems.Numerical simulation results show that the proposed estimator presents decent estimation performance for both smoothly and abruptly varying input flux scenarios.Results also show that ASE enjoys a better estimation performance than its competitor,Recursive Least Square Estimator(RLSE)due to its larger error tolerance in greater process noise regimes.ASE's inherent deficiency of being slower than the RLSE,resulting from the complexity of algorithm,was also noticed.The chosen input scenarios are tested to calculate the effect of input area and both estimators show improved results with an increase in input flux area especially as sensors are moved closer to the assumed input location.  相似文献   

Optimization of area–volume–elevation curve using GIS–SRTM method for rainwater harvesting in arid areas     

Khamis Naba Sayl  Nur Shazwani Muhammad  Ahmed El-Shafie 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):368

The major limitation in planning water harvesting is the lack of knowledge in the estimation of surface area and storage volume at any depth of dam reservoir. The area–volume–elevation (AVE) curve of a reservoir plays a key role in estimating the most suitable depth, optimum surface area and highest capacity of reservoir storage. The existing methods to estimate the AVE curve are costly and time-consuming and require laborious work. This study attempts to develop a method to optimize the AVE curve for earth dams, using the digital elevation model generated by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, and integrate it with the geographic information system (GIS), known as the GIS–SRTM. The proposed method was tested using field data in the Western Desert of Iraq, which is an arid environment. Three constructed small earth dams were selected for this study. The AVE curves were extracted for Horan 2 (H2), Al-gara 2 (G2) and Al-gara 4 (G4) earth dams. Comprehensive analyses have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the AVE curves using the proposed GIS–SRTM method and the field data. From the comparison, the proposed GIS–SRTM method was able to produce reliable AVE curves with a relative error less than 20%. Additionally, the proposed method was less time-consuming and the AVE curves can be visualized immediately. The proposed GIS–SRTM method is relatively supportive in analyzing spatial data to select the optimal site for rainwater harvesting and prevent excessive evaporation losses.  相似文献   

Application of the Artificial Neural Network and Neuro‐fuzzy System for Assessment of Groundwater Quality          下载免费PDF全文

Mahmoud Khaki  Ismail Yusoff  Nur Islami 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(4):551-560

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