Einige Tabeilen über die erdmagnetischen Registrierungen im Observatorium Wingst im Jahre 1942     

Otto Meyer 《Ocean Dynamics》1948,1(5-6):222-227

Summary In the preceding report an extract of the observations at Wingst Observatory during the years 1942 is given, to continue the corresponding tables for 1939, 1940 and 1941, which have been published in the Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie. A copy of the registrations made during a rather heavy disturbance on March 1, 1942, is added.  相似文献   

Results of bathymetric,magnetic and gravimetric measurements between Iceland and 70° N     

Prof. Dr. Otto Meyer  Dietrich Voppel  Dr. Ulrich Fleischer  Prof. Dr. Hans Closs  Prof. Dr. Ing. Karl Gerke 《Ocean Dynamics》1972,25(5):193-201

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Characterisation of the hydrogeology of the Augustus River catchment,Western Australia     

Shane?M.?WilkesEmail author  T.?Prabhakar?Clement  Claus?J.?Otto 《Hydrogeology Journal》2004,12(2):209-223

Understanding the hydrogeology of weathered rock catchments is integral for the management of various problems related to increased salinity within the many towns of Western Australia. This paper presents the results of site characterisation investigations aimed at improving the overall understanding of the hydrogeology of the southern portion of the Augustus River catchment, an example of a weathered rock catchment. Site data have highlighted the presence of both porous media aquifers within the weathered profile and fractured rock aquifers within the basement rocks. Geophysical airborne surveys and other drilling data have identified a large number of dolerite dykes which crosscut the site. Fractured quartz veins have been found along the margins of these dolerite dykes. Detailed groundwater-level measurements and barometric efficiency estimates indicate that these dolerite dykes and fractured quartz veins are affecting groundwater flow directions, promoting a strong hydraulic connection between all aquifers, and also influencing recharge mechanisms. The hydrogeological significance of the dolerite dykes and fractured quartz veins has been assessed using a combination of high-frequency groundwater-level measurements (30-min sampling interval), rainfall measurements (5-min sampling interval) and barometric pressure fluctuations (30-min sampling interval). A conceptual model was developed for describing various hydrogeological features of the study area. The model indicates that fractured quartz veins along the margins of dolerite dykes are an important component of the hydrogeology of the weathered rock catchments.

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Resumen Entender la hidrogeología de cuencas con rocas meteorizadas es esencial para gestionar diversos problemas relacionados con el incremento de salinidad en muchas ciudades de Australia Occidental. Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en la caracterización de varios emplazamientos con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento general de la hidrogeología en la zona sur de la cuenca del Río Augustus, que sirve como ejemplo de cuenca en rocas meteorizadas. Los datos de campo resaltan la presencia tanto de medios acuíferos porosos dentro del perfil meteorizado como de acuíferos en rocas fracturadas dentro de la roca fresca. Los registros geofísicos aéreos y datos de las perforaciones han identificado un gran número de diques de dolerita que intersectan el emplazamiento. Se ha hallado venas de cuarzo fracturado a lo largo de los márgenes de los diques de dolerita. Medidas detalladas del nivel piezométrico y estimaciones de la eficiencia barométrica indican que los diques de dolerita y las venas de cuarzo fracturado afectan las direcciones del flujo de las aguas subterráneas, originando una fuerte conexión hidráulica entre todos los acuíferos e influenciando también a los mecanismos de recarga. Se ha establecido la importancia hidrogeológica de los diques de dolerita y de las venas de cuarzo fracturado mediante una combinación de medidas muy frecuentes del nivel piezométrico (cada 30 min), de la precipitación (cada 5 min) y de las fluctuaciones de la presión barométrica (cada 30 min). Se ha desarrollado un modelo conceptual para describir varias características hidrogeológicas del área de estudio. El modelo indica que las venas de cuarzo fracturado en los márgenes de los diques de dolerita constituyen un componente importante de la hidrogeología de cuencas con rocas meteorizadas.

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Résumé Comprendre lhydrogéologie des bassins en roches altérées est essentiel pour la gestion de différents problèmes liés à laugmentation de la salinité dans de nombreuses villes dAustralie occidentale. Cet article présente les résultats détudes de caractérisation de sites conduites pour améliorer la compréhension de lhydrogéologie de la partie sud du bassin de la rivière Augustus, exemple de bassin en roches altérées. Les données concernant le site ont mis en évidence la présence simultanée daquifères poreux dans le profil daltération et daquifères de roches fracturées dans le socle. Des campagnes de géophysique aéroportée et dautres données de forages ont identifié de très nombreux dykes de dolérite traversant le site. Des veines de quartz fracturées ont été trouvées aux marges de ces dykes de dolérite. Des mesures détaillées de niveau des nappes et des estimations des effets barométriques indiquent que ces dykes de dolérite et les veines de quartz fracturées affectent les directions découlement souterrain, favorisant une forte connexion hydraulique entre tous ces aquifères, et influençant également les mécanismes de recharge. La signification hydrogéologique des dykes de dolérite et des veines de quartz fracturées a été analysée en combinant des mesures à haute fréquence du niveau des nappes (toutes les 30 min), de la pluie (toutes les 5 min) et des variations de la pression barométrique (toutes les 30 min). Un modèle conceptuel a été établi pour décrire les différents phénomènes hydrogéologiques de la région étudiée. Ce modèle indique que les veines de quartz aux marges des dykes de dolérite sont une importante composante de lhydrogéologie des bassins en roches altérées.

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U-Pb monazite ages in amphibolite- to granulite-facies orthogneiss reflect hydrous mineral breakdown reactions: Sveconorwegian Province of SW Norway   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Bernard Bingen  Otto van Breemen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,132(4):336-353

In the Rogaland–Vest Agder terrain of the Sveconorwegian Province of SW Norway, two main Sveconorwegian metamorphic phases are reported: a phase of regional metamorphism linked to orogenic thickening (M1) and a phase of low-pressure thermal metamorphism associated with the intrusion of the 931 ± 2 Ma anorthosite-charnockite Rogaland igneous complex (M2). Phase M1 reached granulite facies to the west of the terrane and M2 culminated locally at 800–850 °C with the formation of dry osumilite-bearing mineral associations. Monazite and titanite U-Pb geochronology was conducted on 17 amphibolite- to granulite-facies orthogneiss samples, mainly from a suite of 1050 ⁺²/₋₈ Ma calc-alkaline augen gneisses, the Feda suite. In these rocks, prograde negatively discordant monazite crystallized during breakdown of allanite and titanite in upper amphibolite facies at 1012–1006 Ma. In the Feda suite and other charnockitic gneisses, concordant to slightly discordant monazite at 1024–997 Ma probably reflects breakdown of biotite during granulite-facies M1 metamorphism. A spread of monazite ages down to 970 Ma in biotite ± hornblende samples possibly corresponds to the waning stage of this first event. In the Feda suite, a well defined monazite growth episode at 930–925 Ma in the amphibolite-facies domain corresponds to major clinopyroxene formation at the expense of hornblende during M2. Growth or resetting of monazite was extremely limited during this phase in the granulite-facies domain, up to the direct vicinity of the anorthosite complex. The M2 event was shortly followed by cooling through ca. 610 °C as indicated by tightly grouped U-Pb ages of accessory titanite and titanite relict inclusions at 918 ± 2 Ma over the entire region. A last generation of U-poor monazite formed during regional cooling below 610 °C, in hornblende-rich samples at 912–904 Ma. This study suggests: (1) that monazite formed during the prograde path of high-grade metamorphism may be preserved; (2) that monazite ages reflect primary or secondary growth of monazite linked to metamorphic reactions involving redistribution of REEs and Th, and/or fluid mobilisation; (3) that the U-Pb system in monazite is not affected by thermal events up to 800–850 °C, provided that conditions were dry during metamorphism. Received: 9 January 1997 / Accepted: 15 April 1998  相似文献   

Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection in Astrophysical Plasmas - MHD Approach     

A. Otto 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,264(1-4):17-24

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Coupling of boundary and finite elements for soil-structure interaction problems     

Otto von Estorff  Eduardo Kausel 《地震工程与结构动力学》1989,18(7):1065-1075

The investigation of complex soil-structure interaction problems is usually carried out with numerical solution procedures such as the finite element or the boundary element method. It must be noted, however, that the choice of one or the other of these approaches is not just a matter of preferences; depending on the type of the problem under consideration, either boundary or finite elements may be more advantageous. A considerable expansion in the computational power can be obtained, on the other hand, if one resorts to hybrid schemes which retain the main advantages of the two methods and eliminate their respective disadvantages. This paper presents results obtained with a boundary element-finite element coupling procedure, and discusses its applicability to some representative soil-structure interaction problems. The structures considered are elastic systems, such as foundations, tunnels and filled trenches (modelled by finite elements), which are coupled with homogeneous elastic halfspaces (modelled by boundary elements). The examples demonstrate the importance of using a model that includes wave radiation effects. The coupling approach is formulated entirely in the time domain so that an extension of the algorithm to non-linear analyses seems to present no further difficulties.  相似文献   

On causality in dynamic response analysis by time-dependent boundary element methods     

Heinz Antes  Otto Von Estorff 《地震工程与结构动力学》1987,15(7):865-870

The ramifications of a particular type of causality constraint, namely so-called shadow-zones, are explored in the context of time-dependent boundary element methods. In particular, wave propagation problems in 2-D elastic soil media with a non-convex shape are analysed.  相似文献   

Average seismic source-parameter relations for plate-margin earthquakes     

Otto W. Nuttli 《Tectonophysics》1985,118(3-4)

Empirical m_b, M_s and M_o data are used to develop an average spectral scaling relation for plate-margin earthquakes. Using equations based upon a rectangular, bilateral dislocation model with uniform rupture velocity, the spectra give values of fault rupture length and width, static stress drop and average fault displacement as a function of m_b, M_s and M_o. Compared to mid-plate earthquakes of the same seismic moment, the large average plate-margin earthquake has a bigger rupture length, rupture area and average fault displacement and a smaller rupture width and static stress drop.  相似文献   

Saturn: UBV photoelectric pinhole scans of the disk     

Otto G. Franz  Michael J. Price 《Icarus》1979,37(1):272-281

UBV pinhole scans of the Saturn disk have been made with a photoelectric area-scanning photometer. Limb profiles, spaced parallel to the equator, were obtained over the entire southern hemisphere of the planet. Saturn was found to exhibit strong limb brightening in the ultraviolet, moderate limb brightening at blue wavelengths, and strong limb darkening in the visual region of the spectrum. Latitudinal variations in the disk profiles were found. In general, the degree of limb brightening decreases towards the polar region. Pronounced asymmetry is apparent in the disk profiles in each color. The sunward limb is significantly brighter than the opposite limb. This asymmetry depends on phase angle; approaching zero at opposition, it reaches a maximum near quadrature. Our observations are interpreted using an elementary radiative transfer model. The Saturn atmosphere is approximated by a finite homogeneous layer of isotropically scattering particles overlying a Lambert scattering haze or cloud layer. The reflectivity of the haze or clouds is a strongly dependent function of wavelength. Our best-fitting model consists of a clear H₂ layer of column density ～31 km-am above the haze or clouds; the maximum permitted H₂ column density is ～46 km-am. The H₂ column density above the equatorial region appears to be less than at temperate latitudes. The phase-dependent asymmetry in the disk profiles is a natural consequence of the scattering geometry. Our results are consistent with current knowledge of the Saturn atmosphere.  相似文献   

Scaling input data by GIS for hydrological modelling     

Annegret H. Thieken  Andreas Lücke  Bernd Diekkrüger  Otto Richter 《水文研究》1999,13(4):611-630

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