马岭地区嘉陵江组沉积环境演化分析:来自沉积学和主微量元素的证据     

欧阳柳芸  贺琦  刘昆  杨巍  毛凯楠 《地质科技情报》2022,41(3):44-53

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An InSAR and depth-integrated coupled model for potential landslide hazard assessment     

Zhou  Shu  Ouyang  Chaojun  Huang  Yu 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(8):3613-3632

Assessing the hazard of potential landslides is crucial for developing mitigation strategies for landslide disasters. However, accurate assessment of landslide hazard is limited by the lack of landslide inventory maps and difficulty in determining landslide run-out distance. To address these issues, this study developed a novel method combining the InSAR technique with a depth-integrated model. Within this new framework, potential landslides are identified through InSAR and their potential impact areas are subsequently estimated using the depth-integrated model. To evaluate its capability, the proposed method was applied to a landslide event that occurred on November 3, 2018 in Baige village, Tibet, China. The simulated results show that the area with a probability of more than 50% to be affected by landslides matched the real trimlines of the landslide and that the accuracy of the proposed method reached 85.65%. Furthermore, the main deposit characteristics, such as the location of maximum deposit thickness and the main deposit area, could be captured by the proposed method. Potential landslides in the Baige region were also identified and evaluated. The results indicate that in the event of landslides, the collapsed mass has a high probability to block the Jinsha River. It is therefore necessary to implement field monitoring and prepare hazard mitigation strategies in advance. This study provides new insights for regional-scale landslide hazard management and further contributes to the implementation of landslide risk assessment and reduction activities.

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Preface: The Chang'e-3 lander and rover mission to the Moon     

Wing-Huen Ip  Jun Yan  Chun-Lai Li  Zi-Yuan Ouyang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(12)

The Chang'e-3(CE-3) lander and rover mission to the Moon was an intermediate step in China's lunar exploration program, which will be followed by a sample return mission. The lander was equipped with a number of remote-sensing instruments including a pair of cameras(Landing Camera and Terrain Camera) for recording the landing process and surveying terrain, an extreme ultraviolet camera for monitoring activities in the Earth's plasmasphere, and a first-ever Moon-based ultraviolet telescope for astronomical observations. The Yutu rover successfully carried out close-up observations with the Panoramic Camera, mineralogical investigations with the VIS-NIR Imaging Spectrometer, study of elemental abundances with the Active Particle-induced X-ray Spectrometer, and pioneering measurements of the lunar subsurface with Lunar Penetrating Radar. This special issue provides a collection of key information on the instrumental designs, calibration methods and data processing procedures used by these experiments with a perspective of facilitating further analyses of scientific data from CE-3 in preparation for future missions.  相似文献   

Long‐term variability in the water budget and its controls in an oak‐dominated temperate forest          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Xie  Ge Sun  Hou‐Sen Chu  Junguo Liu  Steven G. McNulty  Asko Noormets  Ranjeet John  Zutao Ouyang  Tianshan Zha  Haitao Li  Wenbin Guan  Jiquan Chen 《水文研究》2014,28(25):6054-6066

Water availability is one of the key environmental factors that control ecosystem functions in temperate forests. Changing climate is likely to alter the ecohydrology and other ecosystem processes, which affect forest structures and functions. We constructed a multi‐year water budget (2004–2010) and quantified environmental controls on an evapotranspiration (ET) in a 70‐year‐old mixed‐oak woodland forest in northwest Ohio, USA. ET was measured using the eddy‐covariance technique along with precipitation (P), soil volumetric water content (VWC), and shallow groundwater table fluctuation. Three biophysical models were constructed and validated to calculate potential ET (PET) for developing predictive monthly ET models. We found that the annual variability in ET was relatively stable and ranged from 578 mm in 2009 to 670 mm in 2010. In contrast, ET/P was more variable and ranged from 0.60 in 2006 to 0.96 in 2010. Mean annual ET/PET_FAO was 0.64, whereas the mean annual PET_FAO/P was 1.15. Annual ET/PET_FAO was relatively stable and ranged from 0.60 in 2005 to 0.72 in 2004. Soil water storage and shallow groundwater recharge during the non‐growing season were essential in supplying ET during the growing season when ET exceeded P. Spring leaf area index (LAI), summer photosynthetically active radiation, and autumn and winter air temperatures (T_a) were the most significant controls of monthly ET. Moreover, LAI regulated ET during the whole growing season and higher temperatures increased ET even during dry periods. Our empirical modelling showed that the interaction of LAI and PET explained >90% of the variability in measured ET. Altogether, we found that increases in T_a and shifts in P distribution are likely to impact forest hydrology by altering shallow groundwater fluctuations, soil water storage, and ET and, consequently, alter the ecosystem functions of temperate forests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial–temporal variations of methane emissions from the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir in southwest China     

Hua Zheng  Xiaojie Zhao  Tongqian Zhao  Falin Chen  Weihua Xu  Xiaonan Duan  Xiaoke Wang  Zhiyun Ouyang 《水文研究》2011,25(9):1391-1396

Methane emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs can comprise a considerable portion of anthropogenic methane. However, lack of data on CH₄ emissions in different geographical regions and high spatial‐temporal variability in the emission rates of reservoirs has led to uncertainties regarding regional emission estimates of CH₄. In the subtropical plateau climate region, we used the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir as a study area. The CH₄ flux at the air‐water interface was assessed by floating chambers and factors influencing emissions, including the distance from the dam, water depth, seasonal variation in wet and dry season, air‐water temperature gradient and wind speed, and was also studied through a year‐long systematic sampling and monitoring experiment. The results showed that the surface of the reservoir was a source of CH₄ during the sampling period and the annual average CH₄ flux was 2·80 ± 1·52 mg m^?2 d^?1. CH₄ flux (and its variation) was higher in the shallow water areas than in the deep‐water areas. CH₄ flux near the dam was significantly higher than that of other locations farther from the dam in the dry season. The seasonal variations of CH₄ emission in wet and dry seasons were minor and significant diurnal variations were observed in wet and dry seasons. Exponential relationships between the CH₄ flux and air‐water temperature gradient were found. Air‐water temperature gradient was an important factor influencing diurnal variations of CH₄ flux in the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir. These results indicate that systematic sampling is needed to better estimate CH₄ flux through coverage of the spatial variation of different water depths, measuring‐point distance from the dam, seasonal variation in wet and dry seasons and changes in climate factors (such as air‐water temperature gradient). Our results also provide a fundamental parameter for CH₄ emission estimation of global reservoirs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河游荡河段河床形态调整对洪水过程的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张欧阳  许炯心  张红武 《地理学报》2002,57(6):648-654

以黄河流域1950～1985年200余场洪水资料为基础，并增加了最近的实验资料，分析了黄河下游游荡河段不同含沙量沙水过程中河床形态的调整过程，结果表明，由洪水过程所导致的河床形态变化是相当剧烈的。且与含沙量密切相关，表现出非线性的变化规律，当含沙量较小时，随含沙量的增大，洪水后河床宽深比增大，当含沙量增大到一定程度后再增大时，宽深比随含沙量的增大而减小，这一结果为修正Schumm关于河床形态变化的定性预测关系提供了新的依据。  相似文献   

秦岭造山带沉积物源地球化学研究及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

欧阳建平  张本仁 《地球科学》1996,21(5):464-468

在秦岭造山带内，由前寒武纪基底岩层组成的隆起区和由显生宙地层构造的沉积盆地广泛共存，不同构造单元，不同地段的前寒武纪地层在Ｔｈ等微量元素和Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ比值特征上明显不同，通过对比不同时代的显生宙沉积地层与相关前寒武纪地层之间Ｔｈ含量和Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ比值，研究了各沉积小区碎屑沉积物随时代变化而发生的物源变化，由此讨论了南，北秦岭之间以及与扬子北缘之间前寒武纪基底抬升和块体聚会的时限。  相似文献   

从 Pb同位素组成特征论东秦岭陡岭块体的构造归属   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张宏飞  凌文黎 《地球科学》1996,21(5):487-490

针对目前关于东秦岭造山占陡岭块体在构造归属上尚存在的不同意见，对该块体中的陡岭九黑云母斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和侵入于该群中的新元古代花岗岩类长石Ｐｂ同位素组成特征进行了分析，并与北秦岭块体中的秦岭群变质杂岩和侵入于秦岭群中的新元古代花岗岩类长石Ｐｂ同位素组成特征了综合对比。  相似文献   

扇贝碱性磷酸酶中Zn的作用     

欧阳培  徐培宁  李碧荣 《热带海洋学报》1991,(2)

以华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis(Reeve)为材料,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为单一蛋白区带的酶制剂。用凝胶过滤法测得该酶的分子量为159000,由20种氨基酸组成,共1118个氨基酸残基。每个酶蛋白含有4个Zn原子。将该酶的酶制剂制成脱Zn酶后,与相同浓度过度性两价金属离子作用,其活力回升以Zn最强,Co次之。若向脱Zn酶蛋白分别加入一定量Zn原子或Co原子,根据实验结果初步推测:每个酶蛋白的4个Zn原子中有2个Zn原子先与该酶结合,与酶的催化作用有密切关系;另外2个Zn原子与酶结合,则起维持酶结构的作用,与哺乳动物和Eschericha coli来源的碱性磷酸酶研究结果一致。此外,本实验采用可见吸收光谱和圆二色谱(CD)来确证Co能很好地取代该酶蛋白内的Zn,与Simpon报道相比较,得知当Co原子加入脱Zn酶时,先加2个Co~(2 )离子结合到该酶的结构部位,而后加2个Co~(2 )离子才结合到催化部位。  相似文献   

A dynamic study of explosive cyclogeneses developments over the ocean     

张永刚  孙成志  吕美仲  欧阳子济 《海洋预报》2001,18(Z1)

1 IwrRODUcrIONIt is necessary to understand disastrous weather systems as the activities of exploitingand uti1izing marine resources, especialIy for the needs of navigation and oil-gas prospecting.Typhoon is the most frequent and dangerous disastrous weather system in summer-autumnseason in the Nolthwest Pacific Ocean. The explosive cyclogenesis developing quickly overocean is the most terrible weather system in winteL The explosive cycnogenesis grows fastwith high intensity of violent wi…  相似文献