Grain-size distribution and contamination characteristics of heavy metal in street dust of Baotou,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiufeng Han  Xinwei Lu  Qinghui Zhang  Wuyuntana  Quansheng Hai  Huiyun Pan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(6):468

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Sea surface temperature anomalies in the South China Sea during mature phase of ENSO     

丘福文  潘爱军  张善武  查晶  孙豪为 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(3):577-584

Based on the 18-year(1993–2010) National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature(SST) and simple ocean data assimilation datasets,this study investigated the patterns of the SST anomalies(SSTAs) that occurred in the South China Sea(SCS) during the mature phase of the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation.The most dominant characteristic was that of the outof-phase variation between southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCS,which was influenced primarily by the net surface heat flux and by horizontal thermal advection.The negative SSTA in the northeastern SCS was caused mainly by the loss of heat to the atmosphere and because of the cold-water advection from the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait during El Ni?o episodes.Conversely,it was found that the anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation and weakened western boundary current during El Ni?o episodes led to the development of the positive SSTA in the southwestern SCS.  相似文献   

孔径分布对软黏土渗透特性的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

金盼  陈波  胡云世 《水文地质工程地质》2018,(4):80-86

用单向固结仪对取自不同地区的三种软黏土原状样和重塑样分别开展了固结渗透试验,得到不同土样的固结曲线和压缩曲线,推算土样在不同固结压力下的渗透系数。试验结果表明:相同应力时,土体的结构性使原状样的渗透系数明显大于相应重塑样的渗透系数,且随着固结压力的增大,两者的差距逐渐减小;原状样和重塑样的渗透系数与孔隙比的变化模式基本一致,但同一孔隙比下原状样的渗透系数大于相应的重塑样的渗透系数,比较浦东软黏土原状样和重塑样在相近孔隙比下的孔径分布曲线后确认:这是由于它们的孔径大小及分布存在明显差异引起的,且通过比较相同孔隙比下原状样和重塑样的大孔隙体积含量可合理地解释上述试验结果。最后,用简单表述土体的孔径大小及分布(土体的组构)的参考孔隙比e*10对多种软黏土的渗透指数Ck进行整理后,发现多种软黏土的原状样和重塑样均为一条相关度极高的ck-e*10直线,说明用参考孔隙比e*10可很好地反映土体的组构对软黏土渗透特性的影响。  相似文献   

Seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a wetland system of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,southwest China: a quantitative assessment of groundwater inflow fluxes     

Xingxing Cao  Pan Wu  Shaoqi Zhou  Han Tu  Shui Zhang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):215-231

The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ¹⁸O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ¹⁸O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season.  相似文献   

Mechanical behavior and micro-structure of cement kiln dust-stabilized expensive soil     

Su Li Cui  Jia Ding Wang  Xiao Dong Wang  Yan Feng Du  Xue Pan Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):521

In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days.  相似文献   

江西李公岭花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年及找矿前景     

戴盼  吴胜华  宋世伟  项新葵 《世界地质》2018,37(2):409-422

为探究江西李公岭花岗闪长岩的成岩时代和成矿前景,对李公岭地区的花岗闪长岩及其中发育的隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩角砾岩块分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。测年结果表明,李公岭花岗闪长岩(150.6±1.1)Ma和隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩岩块(151.0±1.3)Ma基本为同时形成,时代为晚侏罗世。李公岭花岗闪长岩和李公岭角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩的形成时代与区内发育的阳储岭W-Mo矿的成岩成矿时代基本一致,以及隐爆角砾岩筒和周围的网脉状石英脉的存在,表明李公岭地区当时可能存在一个岩浆热液活动中心,且该热液活动可能与江南古陆东北缘燕山晚期大规模W-Mo成矿作用有关,暗示李公岭岩体周围具有较大的W-Mo找矿前景。  相似文献   

Application of generalized Pareto distribution for modeling aleatory variability of ground motion     

Zhang  Meng  Pan  Hua 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):2971-2989

Natural Hazards - The lognormal distribution is commonly used to characterize the aleatory variability of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA)....  相似文献   

河套灌区西部浅层地下水咸化机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曾邯斌  苏春利  谢先军  潘洪捷  纪倩楠  陶彦臻 《地球科学》2021,46(6):2267-2277

浅层地下水水位埋深浅、含盐量高,是导致河套灌区土壤次生盐渍化的重要原因.以河套灌区西部地区为研究区,通过对浅层地下水的水化学和氢氧同位素特征分析以及水文地球化学模拟,探讨了灌区浅层地下水的补给来源和主控水-岩作用过程,并定量估算了蒸发作用对浅层地下水含盐量的影响.研究区内浅层地下水为弱碱性咸水,pH为7.23~8.45,总溶解性固体（total dissolved solids,TDS）变化范围为371~7 599 mg/L;随着地下水咸化程度增大,水化学类型由HCO₃-Na·Mg·Ca型向Cl-Na型过渡.引黄灌溉和大气降水是浅层地下水的主要补给来源,径流过程中浅层地下水受蒸发作用和植物蒸腾作用影响,地下水化学组分主要来源于蒸发盐溶解和硅酸盐风化水解,并受强烈的蒸发作用和离子交换作用影响.水文地球化学模拟和主成分分析结果显示,蒸发作用和岩盐溶解作用对区内浅层地下水咸化贡献最大,石膏和白云石等矿物的溶解、硅酸盐的水解、Na-Ca离子交换以及局部地形起伏对地下水咸化过程也有较大贡献.   相似文献   

基于颗粒识别分析系统的碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别和统计方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈达  许强  郑光  彭双麒  王卓  何攀 《水文地质工程地质》2021,48(1):60-69

碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别和统计是碎屑流灾害的研究重点。文章基于图像处理孔隙（颗粒）及裂隙图像识别与分析系统（PCAS）,以贵州纳雍普洒村崩塌-碎屑流为例,结合纳雍崩塌堆积物粒径实测结果,通过阐释识别过程中阈值、孔喉封闭半径、最小孔隙面积的参数意义,研究PCAS软件在碎屑流颗粒识别与统计中的应用,并提出了颗粒识别时这些参数的选取方法。分析结果表明:（1）PCAS能自动准确地识别碎屑流堆积物颗粒与孔隙,相比人工计数更精细,所识别堆积物各区小颗粒比重较大,0～2 m颗粒粒径各区占比都在50%以上;（2）当阈值为170（像素）时能获得精细的二值图像,颗粒与孔隙得到了准确地区分;（3）不同参数取值下获得堆积物颗粒粒径分布结果不同,碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别宜采用较大的孔喉封闭半径和较小孔隙面积,当二者比值为3/30（像素）时能更好地反应颗粒粒径分布情况;（4）PCAS具有较高的可行性,统计结果显示,各粒径含量变化趋势与人工统计相近,两种统计方法各粒径占比、分布规律基本吻合,说明利用PCAS可以实现对崩塌碎屑流颗粒粒径分布的高效便捷分析。  相似文献   

非饱和土中水平入渗方程显式求解     

李纪伟  林法力  韦昌富  汪华斌  陈盼  朱赞成  刘子振 《岩土力学》2021,(1):203-210

在求解非饱和态土中水分入渗问题时,水力函数是体积含水率或者吸力的函数,致使其控制方程呈现出强非线性的特征,进而使得其求解变得十分困难。基于水分在土体介质中流动耗时取极值路径的选择这一假定,引入时间泛函,基于变分法原理将水平入渗问题转化为泛函极值问题。通过求解Euler–Lagrange方程,结合边界条件,得到非线性瞬态水平入渗问题的显式解析解。结合Brooks-Corey型水力函数,显式地求解出该类型非饱和态土的体积含水率发展分布规律。通过计算4种不同类型土体的水平入渗规律,将求解结果与已有结果以及数值结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:体积含水率分布与位置距离和湿润峰距离比值呈幂函数关系,指数取决于土-水特征曲线的形状参数;初始条件与边界条件会对体积含水率分布造成不同程度的影响。  相似文献