山东省地下水超采漏斗发展演变分析     

李瑜  郭聚江  杨淑华  孔宪芳 《地下水》2007,29(4):36-39

地下水超采漏斗是山东省平原区最为突出的环境问题.根据多年来地下水动态监测资料,简要分析了山东省平原区浅层地下水超采漏斗的发展过程、发展演变特征及发展原因,旨在为山东省地下水合理开发、有效保护、科学管理及有效控制地下水超采提供依据.  相似文献   

A dipolar vortex model for the obscuring tori in active galactic nuclei     

E. Yu. Bannikova  V. M. Kontorovich 《Astronomy Reports》2007,51(4):264-273

Motivated by currently available direct observations of occulting tori in Seyfert galaxies and ongoing discussions about tori as important structural components in Active Galactic Nuclei, we discuss the possibility that the “spinning up” of a torus by radiation or winds could transform it into a dipolar toroidal vortex. The vortex motion balances the torus’ self-gravitation, and can explain the existence of cool, thick tori inferred from observations. In turn, the toroidal vortex can be a source of matter to feed the accretion disk. The resulting instability could result in flares accompanied by the ejection of matter. Our numerical estimates of the model parameters for luminosities close to the Eddington limit are consistent with the observational data.  相似文献   

The Vendian accretionary event in the southwestern margin of the Siberian Craton     

A. D. Nozhkin  O. M. Turkina  Yu. K. Sovetov  A. V. Travin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,415(6):869-873

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Age of the Shanuch copper-nickel deposit in Kamchatka     

V. A. Stepanov  Yu. P. Trukhin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,417(8):1193-1194

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Sea level in the Ordovician: Sharp fluctuations in subsidence rates of the Siberian Craton crust     

E. V. Artyushkov  A. V. Kanygin  Yu. I. Tesakov  P. A. Chekhovich 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,412(1):53-57

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Mercury in the sedimentary deposits of Lake Baikal     

V. F. Gelety  G. V. Kalmykov  I. Yu. Parkhomenko 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(2):170-177

Mercury distribution was examined in the sediments of Lake Baikal that were sampled within the scope of the Baikal Drilling International Project in 1996–1999. The Hg concentrations in the ancient sediments are close to those in the modern sediments with the exception of a few peak values, whose ages coincide with those of active volcanism in adjacent areas. Mercury was demonstrated to be contained in the sediments in the adsorbed Hg⁰ mode, predominantly in relation with organic matter. When the organic matter of the bottom sediments is decomposed in the course of lithification, Hg is retained in the sediments adsorbed on the residual organic matter, and the concentration of this element corresponds to its initial content in the bottom sediments during their accumulation. Mercury concentrations in lithologically distinct bottom sediments of Lake Baikal and its sediments as a whole depend on the climate. Sediments that were formed during warm periods of time contain more Hg than those produced during cold periods or glaciation. Periodical variations in the Hg concentrations in the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal reflect the variations in the contents of this element in the Earth’s atmosphere in the Late Cenozoic, which were, in turn, controlled by the climatic variations on the planet and, thus, can be used for detailed reconstructions of variations in the average global temperature near the planet’s surface.  相似文献   

Bacterial genesis of calcium phosphates in human organism and nature     

L. G. Gilinskaya  Yu. N. Zanin  N. A. Rudina 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(1):56-67

Comparison of natural marine (nodular and granular) carbonate-apatites and pathogenic mineral structures formed in human cardiac valves by methods of scanning electron and high-resolution transmission microscopy revealed common morphological features corresponding to the bacterial origin of calcium phosphates. These features may be considered typomorphic ones regardless of their formation environments (in vivo or in nature).  相似文献   

New data on the age of subalkaline magmatism at the eastern margin of the east European paleocontinent and estimation of the rate of longitudinal opening of the early Paleozoic rift     

G. A. Petrov  Yu. L. Ronkin  A. V. Maslov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,414(4):542-547

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Relationships between the chemical and isotopic (Sr,Nd, Hf,and Pb) heterogeneity of the mantle     

Yu. A. Kostitsyn 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(12):1173-1196

The reasons for the isotopic heterogeneity of the mantle are analyzed in this paper on the basis of published isotopic data. It was shown that the observed variations in the Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic compositions of oceanic basalts cannot be explained by mixing of a finite number of homogeneous reservoirs (components). The considerable variations in the contents of Rb, Sr, Sm, Nd, Lu, Hf, U, Th, and Pb and ratios of these and other trace elements in tholeiitic basalts indicate that the chemical heterogeneity of mantle-derived rocks is inherited in part from their sources. Oceanic tholeiitic basalts show a tight correlation between the variances of Nd, Hf, Sr, and Pb isotopic ratios and the variances of respective radiogenic additions that could be accumulated in these rocks over a time period of 〈t〉 = 1.8 Gyr. This paradox clearly indicates that variations in all the mentioned isotopic systems in the mantle cannot be understood without the analysis of the geochemical heterogeneity of rocks.The close to lognormal distributions of lithophile trace elements in oceanic tholeiitic basalts and the character of correlations between them suggest that magmatic differentiation was the major mechanism of the formation of chemical heterogeneity in the mantle. The role of metasomatism in the global transport of trace elements and formation of the geochemically heterogeneous mantle is probably rather limited. Intrusive processes within the mantle could result in the development of chemical and, after a period of time, isotopic anomalies in the mantle. Simple calculations show that long-lived geochemical anomalies related to alkaline magmatism could be responsible for EM-I type isotopic anomalies, and geochemical anomalies produced in the mantle by enriched tholeiitic melts could be sources of EM-II type isotopic anomalies. The analysis of the distribution of the isotopic compositions of mantle-derived igneous rocks in various “isochron” coordinates suggested that the formation of geochemical anomalies in the mantle is a long-term process lasting for hundreds of millions of years. Nonetheless, trends approaching 4.5 Ga were never observed in such diagrams, i.e., the mantle is in general rejuvenated in all isotopic systems. Both on global and local scales, there are no mantle domains that have remained geochemically closed and isolated since the Earth’s formation. The entire mantle is involved in material exchange processes.The development of isotopic systems in the mantle was explored by means of statistical modeling accounting for the tendency of a continuous increase in the chemical heterogeneity of the mantle source and the tendency of obliteration of the isotopic heterogeneity owing to the convective mixing in the mantle. The modeling demonstrated that the character of the isotopic heterogeneity of the mantle is statistically consistent with the character of its chemical heterogeneity. The mantle isotopic anomalies HIMU, EM-I, and EM-II were generated by two simultaneous processes: the magmatic differentiation of mantle material and its not very efficient mixing.  相似文献   

The dynamics of the shock disruption of interstellar clouds     

E. E. Matvienko  Yu. A. Shchekinov 《Astronomy Reports》2007,51(2):109-118

The effect of the structural irregularity of an interstellar cloud on the dynamics of its disruption by a shock from a supernova is studied. Irregular clouds are disrupted twice as fast as spherical clouds. However, fragments of irregular clouds preserve their enhanced density for long times without being mixed with the intercloud gas. The fraction of shock energy that is converted to the kinetic energy of the fragments is 50% higher than in the disruption of a spherical cloud. Shocks are not able to trigger the gravitational compression of clouds.  相似文献