全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1026篇 |
免费 | 50篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 17篇 |
大气科学 | 100篇 |
地球物理 | 255篇 |
地质学 | 473篇 |
海洋学 | 69篇 |
天文学 | 111篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 54篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 65篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1083条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
991.
992.
Daniel Brito Jonathan Aurnou Philippe Cardin 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(1):3-8
Laboratory experiments that combine thermal convection in a rapidly rotating shell with a sudden increase of the shell’s rotation rate (spin-up) enable us to study processes related to turbulent viscous coupling between planetary fluid cores and solid mantles. We experimentally measure the large-scale effective viscosity by determining how the synchronisation time between the fluid and the shell (called the spin-up time) is shortened when convective turbulence exists in the bulk of the fluid. Our experiments suggest that viscous core-mantle coupling in planets may be greater than has been previously estimated using molecular viscosity values. 相似文献
993.
Free Radicals and Fast Photochemistry during BERLIOZ 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
U. Platt B. Alicke R. Dubois A. Geyer A. Hofzumahaus F. Holland M. Martinez D. Mihelcic T. Klüpfel B. Lohrmann W. Pätz D. Perner F. Rohrer J. Schäfer J. Stutz 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):359-394
The free radicals OH, HO2, RO2, and NO3 are known to be the driving force for most chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since the low concentration of the above radicals makes measurements particularly difficult, only relatively few direct measurements of free radical concentrations have been reported to date.We present a comprehensive set of simultaneous radical measurements performed by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Matrix Isolation –Electron spin Resonance (MI-ESR), Peroxy Radical Chemical Amplification (PERCA), and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) during the BERLIner OZonexperiment (BERLIOZ) during July and August of 1998 near Berlin, Germany. Most of the above radical species were measured by more than one technique and an intercomparison gave good agreement. This data set offered the possibility to study and quantify the role of each radical at a rural, semi-polluted site in the continental boundary layer and to investigate interconnections and dependencies among these free radicals.In general (box) modelled diurnal profiles of the different radicals reproduced the measurements quite well, however measured absolute levels are frequently lower than model predictions. These discrepancies point to disturbing deficiencies in our understanding of the chemical system in urban air masses.In addition considerable night-time peroxy radical production related to VOC reactions with NO3 and O3 could be quantified. 相似文献
994.
Yoshimitsu Fukushima Onur Köse Tekin Yürür Philippe Volant Edward Cushing Richard Guillande 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(3):379-396
The 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey produced a majorsurface rupture. We traced this surface rupture from Gölcük toDüzce and located it accurately by using GPS. The closest distancefrom the surface rupture to the strong motion observation sites weredetermined. Then the attenuation characteristics of the observed peakground acceleration were compared with the attenuation relation given byFukushima and Tanaka (1992), which is suitable for the near-fault zone inJapan and gives results that closely match data recorded during the 1995Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan. Although this attenuation relationwas developed for Japan, we found that it agreed well with the KOCAELIearthquake. Furthermore, the observed spectral acceleration of 5%damping was compared with the building design code of Turkey and theobserved level was lower than the code. 相似文献
995.
Two parameters GO2– and HO2– are defined as the differences between respectively the Gibbs free energies and the enthalpies of formation of an oxide and its corresponding aqueous cation. The Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of formation of phosphates from their consituent oxides are shown to be linear functions of respectively GO2– and HO2– of their constituent cations. 相似文献
996.
Philippe Martin 《Climate Dynamics》1993,8(4):201-210
Vegetation changes both in stationary and changing climates. Such changes can significantly affect hydrological and climate dynamics. Probabilistic, inferential, empirical, statistical, threshold, ecophysiological, and mechanistic vegetation models provide tools and ideas to construct coupled climate and vegetation schemes to study climate/vegetation feedbacks. Their logic is discussed, typical applications are presented, and their usefulness is assessed. Developing coupled climate and vegetation schemes also implies tackling scaling issues explicitly. Just as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) criterion guarantees that information is not transferred faster through space than time in climate models, information should be transmitted fast enough in vegetation models for the landscape to register vegetation responses. To guarantee that this is the case, a migration criterion, or m criterion, is proposed. The CFL criterion and the m criterion set formal constraints on the design of coupled atmosphere and vegetation schemes. In particular, the ratio of climate and vegetation space scales should be approximately five orders of magnitude less than the ratio of climate and vegetation time scales. 相似文献
997.
Philippe Léone Charlotte Doussier-Brochard Gilles André Yves Moëlo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(4):201-206
Mn2+Sb2S4, a monoclinic dimorph of clerite, and benavidesite (Mn2+Pb4Sb6S14) show well-individualized single chains of manganese atoms in octahedral coordination. Their magnetic structures are presented
and compared with those of iron derivatives, berthierite (Fe2+Sb2S4) and jamesonite (Fe2+Pb4Sb6S14). Within chains, interactions are antiferromagnetic. Like berthierite, MnSb2S4 shows a spiral magnetic structure with an incommensurate 1D propagation vector [0, 0.369, 0], unchanged with temperature.
In berthierite, the interactions between identical chains are antiferromagnetic, whereas in MnSb2S4 interactions between chains are ferromagnetic along c-axis. Below 6 K, jamesonite and benavidesite have commensurate magnetic structures with the same propagation vector [0.5, 0, 0]:
jamesonite is a canted ferromagnet and iron magnetic moments are mainly oriented along the a-axis, whereas for benavidesite, no angle of canting is detected, and manganese magnetic moments are oriented along b-axis. Below 30 K, for both compounds, one-dimensional magnetic ordering or correlations are visible in the neutron diagrams
and persist down to 1.4 K. 相似文献
998.
The Ordovician Thetford Mines ophiolite complex (TMOC) formed by boninite-fed seafloor-spreading, probably in a fore-arc environment. The mantle section is dominated by foliated harzburgite (≤ 5–6% clinopyroxene), cut by dunitic (± chromitite cores) and orthopyroxenitic veins and dykes. Contrasting structures, textures and mineral compositions allow us to subdivide the mantle. The granular-textured rocks of the Duck Lake Block (DLB) have two steeply-dipping foliations. The older foliation strikes NW, is sub-perpendicular to the Moho, and is interpreted to have resulted from upflow of the asthenosphere beneath the spreading ridge. This fabric is overprinted by a 2nd ductile foliation striking ENE, oriented sub-parallel to the Moho, which we interpreted as having formed by crust–mantle shear as the lithosphere migrated away from the spreading ridge. The DLB mantle has a limited range of spinel Cr# (100Cr / (Cr + Al) = 51–71). Comparison with experimentally determined residual spinel compositions (equilibrium melting) implies a maximum loss of 27–38% melt if the protolith had a fertile MORB mantle composition. However, interstitial-textured clinopyroxene may have high TiO2 (< 0.04wt.%) and Na2O (< 0.27wt.%), and some interstitial spinel has higher TiO2 (< 0.09wt.%), suggesting interaction with (or crystallization from) an “impregnating” melt. Interstitial tremolitic amphibole also indicates the passage of late hydrous fluids. The harzburgite in the Caribou Mountain Block (CMB) has a porphyroclastic texture, with a strong, locally mylonitic foliation striking roughly N–S, parallel to the orientation of seafloor-spreading related paleo-normal faults in the crust. These fabrics and textures imply a colder, lithospheric deformation, possibly related to tectonic denudation (oceanic core complex). This would explain problematic lava/mantle contacts, favour infiltration of seawater, serpentinization, and reduced fO2 conditions. The CMB mantle shows a wider range of mineral compositions than the DLB, with spinel Cr# (28–86) implying ≤ 15–45% of equilibrium melting. Locally higher TiO2 in spinel (< 0.05wt.%) and clinopyroxene (< 0.11wt.%), a local rimward decrease in spinel Cr#, clinopyroxene Cr#, and olivine Fo-content, and traces of interstitial amphibole, are attributed to the circulation of an evolved hydrous melt during peridotite deformation. This suggests that the lower limit to the extent of melting inferred for the CMB (15%), established on the basis of Al-rich spinel rims and neoblasts, is probably too low. On the other hand, the higher inferred degree of depletion of the CMB is probably unaffected by the metasomatic overprint and is a more robust conclusion. 相似文献
999.
A late Pleistocene long pollen record from Lake Urmia, NW Iran 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Morteza Djamali Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu Madjid Shah-hosseini Valrie Andrieu-Ponel Philippe Ponel Abdolhossein Amini Hossein Akhani Suzanne A.G. Leroy Lora Stevens Hamid Lahijani Simon Brewer 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(3):413-420
A palynological study based on two 100-m long cores from Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran provides a vegetation record spanning 200 ka, the longest pollen record for the continental interior of the Near East. During both penultimate and last glaciations, a steppe of Artemisia and Poaceae dominated the upland vegetation with a high proportion of Chenopodiaceae in both upland and lowland saline ecosystems. While Juniperus and deciduous Quercus trees were extremely rare and restricted to some refugia, Hippophaë rhamnoides constituted an important phanerophyte, particularly during the late last glacial period. A pronounced expansion in Ephedra shrub-steppe occurred at the end of the penultimate late-glacial period but was followed by extreme aridity that favoured an Artemisia steppe. Very high lake levels, registered by both pollen and sedimentary markers, occurred during the middle of the last glaciation and late part of the penultimate glaciation. The late-glacial to early Holocene transition is represented by a succession of Hippophaë, Ephedra, Betula, Pistacia and finally Juniperus and Quercus. The last interglacial period (Eemian), slightly warmer and moister than the Holocene, was followed by two interstadial phases similar in pattern to those recorded in the marine isotope record and southern European pollen sequences. 相似文献
1000.
Progressive deformation of a zone of magma transfer in a transpressional regime: The Variscan Mérens shear zone (Pyrenees, France) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The EW-striking Variscan Mérens shear zone (MSZ), located on the southern border of the Aston dome (Pyrenees), corresponds to variously mylonitized gneisses and plutonic rocks that are studied using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) technique. The plutonic rocks form EW-striking bands with, from south to north, gabbro-diorites, quartz diorites and granodiorites. The MSZ underwent a mylonitic deformation with an intensity progressively increasing from the mafic to the more differentiated rocks. The foliations are EW to NW–SE striking and subvertical. A first set of lineations shows a moderate WNW plunge, with a dextral reverse kinematics. More recent subvertical lineations correspond to an uplift of the northern compartment. To the east, the MSZ was cut by a N120°E-striking late shear band, separating the MSZ from the Quérigut pluton. The different stages of mylonitization relate to Late Variscan dextral transpression. This regime allowed the ascent of magmas along tension gashes in the middle crust. We interpret the MSZ as a zone of magma transfer, which fed a pluton now eroded that was similar to the Quérigut and Millas plutons located to the east. We propose a model of emplacement of these plutons by successive pulses of magmas along en-échelon transfer zones similar to the MSZ. 相似文献