新疆西准噶尔北部布尔津县木斯塔巴岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

滕宇翔  薛晓峰  穆利修  朱志新  夏静福 《新疆地质》2019,(3):296-302

准噶尔是新疆北部古生代造山带的重要组成部分,以广泛发育晚古生代花岗岩为特征,是中亚造山带总显生宙陆壳生长作用非常显著的地区之一。根据最新获得的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb锆石年龄,木斯塔巴岩体锆石年龄为(303±2.0) Ma(晚石炭世),岩石地球化学分析,岩石具高硅(66.04%~70.4%),高碱(2.26~2.87),高铝(13.25%~15.46%),高钾(3.4%~4.58%),低镁,A/CNK=1.06~1.22,低固结(6.34~12.87),高分异(78.35~84.5),富轻稀土(LREE/HREE=3.57~12.97)和大离子亲石元素K,Rb,Ba,Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti,P,为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,具碰撞花岗岩特征,属额尔齐斯构造带的重要组成部分,其形成与板块俯冲作用关系密切。本区石炭纪花岗岩的数据与北准噶尔地区对比,显示晚石炭世额尔齐斯构造带闭合,进入后碰撞阶段。  相似文献   

High-precision measurements of the inter-annual evolution for Urumqi Glacier No.1 in eastern Tien Shan,China     

ChunHai Xu  ZhongQin Li  JianXin Mu  PuYu Wang  FeiTeng Wang 《寒旱区科学》2021,13(6):474-487

High-precision measuring of glacier evolution remains a challenge as the available global and regional remote sensing techniques cannot satisfactorily capture the local-scale processes of most small- and medium-sized mountain glaciers. In this study, we use a high-precision local remote sensing technique, long-range terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), to measure the evolution of Urumqi Glacier No.1 at an annual scale. We found that the dense point clouds derived from the TLS survey can be used to reconstruct glacier surface terrain, with certain details, such as depressions, debris-covered areas, and supra-glacial drainages can be distinguished. The glacier experienced pronounced thickness thinning and continuous retreat over the last four mass-balance years (2015-2019). The mean surface slope of Urumqi Glacier No.1 gradually steepened, which may increase the removal of glacier mass. The glacier was deeply incised by two very prominent primary supra-glacial rivers, and those rivers presented a widening trend. Extensive networks of supra-glacial channels had a significant impact on accelerated glacier mass loss. High-precision measuring is of vital importance to understanding the annual evolution of this type of glacier.  相似文献   

城市扩张对东莞市陆表温度的影响分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯徽徽  刘慧平  朱寿东  白穆 《地理与地理信息科学》2010,26(3)

利用1995年12月30日、2003年1月10日两期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像反演东莞市陆表温度(LST),分析东莞市陆表温度的总体情况及时空特征,并通过引入温度植被指数(Temperature-Vegetation Index,TVX)空间方法,研究城市化对陆表温度的影响.结果表明:城市化进程是导致东莞市陆表温度上升的重要原因,这种作用在TVX空间中主要体现在聚类点由高植被覆盖-低温度向低植被覆盖-高温度区域的运动过程.  相似文献   

Thermal-mechanical Influences and Environmental Effects of Expressway Construction on the Qinghai-Tibet Permafrost Engineering Corridor     

Ma Wei  Mu Yanhu  Xie Shengbo  Mao Yuncheng  Chen Dun 《地球科学进展》2017,32(5):459-464

The Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) is a strategic passage between Tibet and central China. In the past half century, several major projects have been built in this narrow corridor with vulnerable geoenvironment. Along with a new round of economic development of the Tibet autonomous region, some major linear projects including expressway, double-tracking railway, high voltage power transmission line have been incorporated into the national development planning within the corridor, and especially the expressway construction is imminent now. In the QTEC, permafrost is a controlling factor of geological environment, which will impose great restrictions on engineering construction. In turn, engineering construction will induce significant effects on permafrost geological environment. With more and more linear infrastructures crowding into the QTEC, the thermal interaction among permafrost engineering and engineering disturbance on permafrost thermal-mechanical regime will be more significant. With respect to this issue, a research program focusing on thermal-mechanical influences and environmental effects of expressway construction on the Qinghai-Tibet permafrost engineering corridor was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In this paper, the research significance, key scientific issues, main research contents and goals of the program are introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers.  相似文献   

扇三角洲沉积储层特征与定量评价——以辽河西部凹陷某试验区于楼油层为例     

陈欢庆  穆剑东  王珏  邓西里 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(1)

随着蒸汽吞吐开采方式进入后期,储层非均质性对开发效果的影响日益凸显。以辽河西部凹陷某试验区为例,综合岩心、镜下薄片、测井、分析测试等多种资料,实现储层发育特征表征。研究区目的层属扇三角洲前缘沉积,由于水下分流河道的频繁分流改道,砂体相互切叠,储层非均质性强烈。优选充分反映储层性质影响因素的参数,基于经典的聚类分析软件平台,实现扇三角洲沉积储层定量评价。将目的层储层划分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类4种类型,储层分类正判率超过85%。不同类型储层发育明显受沉积相控制,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层多位于水下分流河道和河口砂坝的位置,而Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类储层多位于水下分流河道间砂或前缘席状砂的位置。不同类型储层在转换热采方式时应该区别对待。  相似文献   

Monitoring the seasonal dynamics of physicochemical parameters from Atoyac River basin (Puebla), Central Mexico: multivariate approach     

E. Martinez-Tavera  P. F. Rodriguez-Espinosa  V. C. Shruti  S. B. Sujitha  S. S. Morales-Garcia  N. P. Muñoz-Sevilla 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(2):95

Spatiotemporal variations of ten physicochemical parameters in the water quality of Atoyac River basin, Central Mexico, were obtained from 22 sampling sites (66 samples in total) located all along the basin for three different seasons (dry, rainy and winter). Multivariate statistical techniques such as correlation matrix, factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used as a tool to understand the process. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature (T), pH, conductivity (λ), dissolved oxygen (DO), spectral absorption coefficient (SAC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were analyzed. Extremely high values of pH (10.24), conductivity (1870 µS/cm) and reduced redox potential (?370.1 mV) were observed in the dry season, whereas elevated TSS of 2996 mg/L was detected during the rainy season. The results elucidated high influence from the adjoining industrial, agricultural and urban zones, making the river unsuitable for life. FA generated varifactors, which accounted for cumulative % of 75.04 (dry), 76.22 (rainy) and 79.96 (winter) clearly grouping the external factors responsible for these significant values indicating the source of contamination. Cluster analysis facilitated the ease of classifying the sampling sites based on the similarities of physicochemical parameters. This study carried out in different seasons using multivariate statistical techniques would definitely prove to be an efficient tool for the restoration and establishing the real-time monitoring stations along this important river basin of Mexico.  相似文献   

新疆楼兰地区雅丹地貌差异性侵蚀特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林永崇  穆桂金  秦小光  赵雪  许冰  贾红娟  张磊  阮秋荣  吴勇  魏东  王春雪  邵会秋 《中国沙漠》2017,37(1):33-39

楼兰地区雅丹地貌正处于活跃发育时期,为研究雅丹地貌侵蚀作用提供了良好的载体。对楼兰雅丹地层岩性、地貌形态特征等进行野外调查、测量,进行室内试验、分析。结果表明：楼兰雅丹地层形成于全新世时期,主要由较为坚硬的黏土粉砂层（CS）和松散的砂质粉砂层（SS）两类组成,并且CS层和SS层交替出现。这导致雅丹体出现显著的差异侵蚀现象。由于地层存在差异侵蚀,楼兰雅丹侵蚀较慢的CS层普遍出现岩层坍塌现象,CS层坍塌块体长度（L）和厚度（T）分别代表了SS岩层的相对侵蚀深度和CS层的厚度。统计结果显示楼兰雅丹CS层坍塌块体长度和厚度存在中度正相关关系（R=0.553）。但是,随着坍塌块体厚度的增加,其长度增加呈减缓趋势（L/T比值逐渐减小趋势）,直至长度和厚度相等（L/T≈1）。综合分析表明,楼兰地区雅丹地貌发育主要受风蚀作用影响,但是区域地层岩性特征、重力作用对楼兰雅丹侵蚀起着特殊重要影响。  相似文献   

雷暴过程中闪电产生NOx的地面观测研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周筠珺  郄秀书  言穆弘  张广庶 《高原气象》2003,22(3)

利用NOx分析仪和大气平均电场仪在青海省大通县对雷暴天气过程中自然闪电产生的NOx进行了地面观测。分析结果表明:在晴天稳定大气条件下,全天NOx的平均体积混合比相对比较平稳,观测值虽然比理想中的干净背景大气条件下的地面值要大一些,但比污染大气中的值小许多;在雷暴天气中,闪电次数与NOx的平均体积混合比峰值个数相同,且峰值由闪电产生。闪电产生的NOx的平均体积混合比峰值在出现时间上比闪电有一定的滞后。雷暴过程中各次闪电产生NOx的传输时间序列变化,可用二次多项式进行拟合,且相关系数较高,传输时间和传输距离之间不存在严格的线性关系。高、低能量闪电的能量域值为12～13×106J,高、低能量的闪电是间隔发生的,且随着时间的推移间隔增大。  相似文献   

Increase of nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere upon nitrogen addition to red mangroves sediments   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Muñoz-Hincapié M  Morell JM  Corredor JE 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):992-996

Response of nitrous oxide N20 sediment/air flux to nitrogen addition was assessed in mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) sediments. Fluxes were enhanced with both ammonium and nitrate loading. Greatest fluxes (52 micromol m(-2) h(-1)) were obtained with ammonium addition and saturation was achieved with additions of 0.9 mol m(-2). Maximum flux following ammonium addition was 2785 times greater than control plots and 4.5 times greater during low tide than with equivalent ammonium addition at high tide. Nitrate enrichment resulted in exponential growth, with maximal mean flux of 36.7 micromolm(-2) h(-1) at 1.9 molm(-2); saturation was not achieved. Differential response to ammonium and nitrate, and to tide and elevation, indicate that microbial nitrification is responsible for most of the observed gas flux. Mangrove sediments constitute an important source of global atmospheric N20 and increases in nitrogen loading will lead to significant increases in the flux of this atmospherically active gas.  相似文献   

Magnification of Flood Disasters and its Relation to Regional Precipitation and Local Human Activities since the 1980s in Xinjiang,Northwestern China   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Jiang?FengqingEmail author  Zhu?Cheng  Mu?Guijin  Hu?Ruji  Meng?Qingxia 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(3):307-330

Analyses of flood disasters were conducted using 1950–2001 data on the flood-damaged areas of cropland, the annual number of flood disasters and the direct economic losses in Xinjiang. There is an increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang during the second half of the 20th century, especially since the mid-1980s. Results of a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test on the cropland-flooded index time series revealed an abrupt change in the mid-1980s. The reasons are discussed with respect to changes in annual precipitation and regional human activities, by correlating cropland-flooded area to annual precipitation and three socio-economic parameters (population, cropland area and GDP). The correlation coefficients between the flood-damaged area and the annual precipitation during the periods 1961–1998 and 1987–1998 were substantially higher than during the period of 1961–1986. The correlation coefficients between the flood-damaged area and the three human activity parameters, however, were relatively high for the whole period of 1961–1998, but generally not significant for the 1961–1986 and 1987–1998 periods, separately. These suggest that the occurrence of flood disasters could be mainly induced by local human activities before the mid-1980s, and thereafter mainly by abnormal precipitation in Xinjiang. Meteorological and hydrological records showed that the number of heavy rainfall events and the frequency of rainstorm flood disasters increased since the 1980s. In addition, siltation of reservoirs and loss of flood control structures are partly responsible for the increase of flood-damaged area. These results suggest that the increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang since the middle 1980s could be attributed, at least in part, to an increasing trend in annual precipitation.  相似文献