STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A WATERSHED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFORMATION NETWORK     

W. R. OSTERKAMP J. R. GRAY J. B. LARONNE J. R. MARTIN 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(3):238-246

A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project by the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address global fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach based on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to be conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an established database for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possibly for bed load, bed material, and bed topography. Ideally, documented protocols have been used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to determine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attributes. Watersheds of the first group will be: (1) six to ten in number, (2) less than 1000 km2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek Basin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhaba River Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Experimental Basin, Brazil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States.  相似文献   

气枪震源激发模式及应用   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

罗桂纯  葛洪魁  王宝善  胡平  母红旺  陈颙 《中国地震》2007,23(3):225-232

气枪震源是一种重要的人工地震震源。气枪阵列理论的提出,使得气枪阵列设计技术日趋成熟,并能够在石油勘探和地球物理探测中得到更加广泛的运用。气枪震源在不同领域中应用时,需要不同的组合和激发模式,以适应不同的探测要求。加强主脉冲和加强气泡脉冲,是目前两种主要的气枪激发模式。通过比较研究两种气枪激发模式,讨论各种激发模式在激发时间、气枪间距、频率、分辨率等方面的差异,为气枪震源的广泛运用提供依据。  相似文献   

由井-含水层系统的水位动态反演含水层体应变     

晏锐  高福旺  陈颙 《中国地震》2007,23(3):303-309

以孔隙弹性理论和水文地质学原理为基础,给出井水位波动与含水层介质体应变变化关系的数学表达式,结合固体潮理论分析了井—含水层系统水位潮汐波动对体应变固体潮的响应特征,用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的变化,将反演结果与体应变实测资料得到的结果进行对比,发现二者有较好的一致性,说明用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的方法是可行的,它为了解含水层的水文地质特性、体应变的变化及探索地震前兆提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

特大地震大小的快速估计法     

P.  Bormann  K.  Wylegalla  赵宇彤 《世界地震译丛》2007,(3):41-43

将根据初至地震P波的宽带记录(即在宽频范围内的记录)得出的体波震级m_B重新引入国际地震实践中能更快地估计大地震的大小。国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会(IASPEI)震级测定工作组做出的这一建议以及与未来震级测量标准相关的其他建议于2005年10月2～8日在智利召开的IASPEI大会上被IASPEI地震观测与解释委员会采纳。  相似文献   

Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MüLLER R. Dietmar 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(9):1310-1318

The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography.  相似文献   

我国地质分析综述论文统计   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石秀琴  陈幼平 《国土资源情报》2002,(10)

作者检索了地质分析专业刊物《岩矿测试》、《地质实验室》全部论文以及国内相关期刊近30年来的文献.统计分析了地质分析综述性文献在各有关期刊的分布及特点,为了解和评价国内地质分析文献的基本状况提供了有益信息。  相似文献   

赴英、法交流访问的情况报告          下载免费PDF全文

赵成志  陈开喜 《气象科学》2002,22(3):372-378

本文是对欧洲中期数值预报中心（ECMWF）的考察，访问和交流的情况报告，较为详尽地介绍了ECMWF的机构，业务及研究的历史发展情况，同时，结合对法国奥里机场气象台的考察简要介绍了法国气象机构和业务建设以及英法两国气象教育与人才培养的基本情况。  相似文献   

任意多边形间方向关系的计算及其可确定问题     

张桥平  李德仁  何挺 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(6):632-636

提出了一种符合空间认知规律的栅格化处理的任意多边形间方向关系的计算方法，该方法计算结果与人眼的判断结果非常接近，在此基础上讨论了多边形间方向关系的可确定问题，并提出了一种基于8方向隶属零值个数的两个多边形方向关系可确定程度的判定方法。  相似文献   

GPS解求测点正常高的实用方法     

徐鸿斌  陈拉虎 《三晋测绘》2002,(2):36-39

本论述了GPS求正常高时以建立基准GPS三维控制为平台．应用数据库技术、高程拟合、三维约束平差技术、GPS三维成果转换等多项技术探索出一条独具特色的解求测点正常高的实用方法．经实践证明具有广泛实用价值，并在应用中取得了良好的效益。  相似文献   

城市地下管线信息系统的结构设计及功能   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

韩勇  陈之中  甘宇亮  郑生春 《测绘通报》2002,(3):45-46

介绍青岛市城市综合地下管线管理信息系统的构成、数据库结构以及系统的主要功能。  相似文献