Interaction between inorganic nutrients and organic matter in controlling coral reef communities in Glovers Reef Belize     

McClanahan TR  Steneck RS  Pietri D  Cokos B  Jones S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(5):566-575

We studied the responses of algae, corals, and small fish to elevated inorganic fertilizer, organic matter, and their combination over a 49-day summer period in cages that simulated the coral reef in the remote Glovers reef atoll, Belize. The addition of organic matter reduced while fertilization had no effect on the numbers of herbivorous damsel and parrotfishes. All measures of algal biomass were influenced by fertilization. The combined inorganic and organic enrichment produced the highest algal biomass, which is most likely due to the combined effect of higher nutrients and lower herbivory. The cover of turf and total algae were influenced by all treatments and their interactions and most strongly and positively influenced by fertilization followed by organic matter and the combination of organic matter and inorganic fertilizer. The inorganic and combined treatments were both dominated by two turf algae, Enteromorpha prolifera and Digenia simplex, while the nonfertilized treatments were dominated by brown frondose algae Lobophora variegata, Padina sanctae, and Dictyota cervicornis. The organic matter treatment had greater cover of P. sanctae and D. cervicornis than the untreated control, which was dominated by Lobophora variegata, also the dominant algae on the nearby patch reefs. Crustose corallines grew slowly ( approximately 2.5 mm/49 days) and were not influenced by the treatments when grown on vertical surfaces but decreased on horizontal coral plates in the combined organic matter and fertilization treatment. No mortality occurred for the two coral species that were added to the cages. Porites furcata darkened in the fertilized cages while there was a mix of paling and darkening for a small amount of the coral tissue of Diploria labyrinthiformes. Inorganic fertilization stimulates small filamentous turf algae and Symbiodinium living in coral but inhibits brown frondose algae. Organic matter inhibits small herbivorous fish, L. variegata, and encrusting coralline algae when growing on horizontal surfaces.  相似文献   

地震活动性总体参量Rt及其在地震预测中应用的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王林瑛  陈学忠  朱传镇  陈佩燕 《地震》2006,26(2):54-60

考虑到地震活动性综合分析在地震预测中的重要作用,提出一种地震活动性总体状态参量Rt。该参量由多项地震活动性预测因子构成,其中包括:地震频次、缺震、地震熵、b值和调制比,该参数描述了某时段内,多种地震活动性参量对正常状态的偏离。当Rt=1时,地震活动状态是稳定的,反之,当Rt<1时,则表明地震活动处于不同程度的不稳定态。文中对华北、东北和西北地区地震以及矿山地震的Rt值在强事件前后随时间的变化进行了研究,初步结果表明:在强震或较大矿震前Rt值明显偏离1。同时,对Rt值的地震预测效能进行了检验评估。  相似文献   

Induction, adaptation and recovery of lysosomal integrity in green-lipped mussel Perna viridis     

Fang JK  Wu RS  Zheng GJ  Lam PK  Shin PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):467-472

Biomarkers are generally applied to detect pollution in environmental monitoring. Such biological responses should accurately reflect the stress over time in a quantitative manner. As such, the initial and maximum responses induced by stress, as well as adaptation and recovery of these biomarkers, need to be fully understood or else erroneous false-negative or false-positive may be arrived. However, most of the biomarker studies only provided information on initially induced responses under different concentrations of toxicants, while biological adaptation and recovery were poorly known. In this study, the time required for induction, adaptation and recovery of lysosomal integrity in green-lipped mussel Perna viridis upon exposure to benzo[a]pyrene was investigated over a period of 62 days. Maximum induction occurred on day 6 when lysosomal integrity was significantly reduced by 51%, and no further change or adaptation was detected thereafter. When mussels were depurated in clean seawater after 18 days of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, a gradual recovery was observed, with lysosomal integrity returning to its background level and showing a complete recovery after 20 days of depuration. Lysosomal integrity was significantly correlated with the body burden concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and condition index of the mussels. The relatively fast induction (6 days) and recovery (20 days) without apparent adaptation suggested that lysosomal integrity in P. viridis can serve as a good biomarker in biomonitoring, as its response is not likely to generate both false-negative and false-positive results.  相似文献   

Influences of ammonia-nitrogen and dissolved oxygen on lysosomal integrity in green-lipped mussel Perna viridis: laboratory evaluation and field validation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong     

Fang JK  Wu RS  Chan AK  Yip CK  Shin PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(12):2052-2058

Lysosomal integrity in mussels has been applied as a biomarker to detect the pollution of trace organics and metals in the natural environments. However, few studies have examined the effects of water quality on the response of lysosomal integrity, in particular total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and dissolved oxygen (DO). This study demonstrated that high level of TAN (2.0 mg/l) and low DO (2.5 mg O₂/l) could significantly reduce the lysosomal integrity in green-lipped mussel Perna viridis, respectively by 33% and 38%, whereas the mussel lysosomal integrity decreased by 70% in the combined treatment of TAN and low DO under laboratory conditions after one week. The mussel lysosomal integrity of all treatment groups could return to the control level after a three week recovery period. In the field validation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong during an one-year study period, lysosomal integrity in P. viridis identified the cleanest site east to the harbour, where the lowest TAN and highest DO concentrations were found. While lysosomal integrity in mussels seemed not affected by seasonal changes, approximately 40% of the variation of this biomarker could be attributable to the changes in TAN and DO in seawater. In conclusion, the response of the mussel lysosomal integrity can be confounded by both TAN and DO prevailing in the natural environments and thus caution must be exercised in relating the observed changes in lysosomal integrity to any specific pollutant in coastal water quality monitoring studies.  相似文献   

Temporal vP/vS variation characteristics in different zones of China’s Capital Circle area before and after Wen’an earthquake     

王林瑛  郭永霞  刘芳  蒋长胜 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,(3)

On July 4, 2006, an earthquake of MS5.1 took place in Wen’an, Hebei Province, just at the south center of China’s Capital Circle area digital seismograph network. It is the strongest event recorded ever since the network went into operation in 2002. We processed the vast amounts of phase data yielded by the 107 digital seismic stations between 2002~2007 using Wadati method. In order to improve the precision and stability of shear and compressional wave velocities (vP/vS) calculation, we impose a number of r...  相似文献   

Application of NMR-based techniques in aquatic toxicology: brief examples     

Tjeerdema RS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):275-279

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has been employed over many years for the elucidation of chemical structures. However, in more recent years it has been used to characterize sublethal actions of pollutants in aquatic organisms. For instance, in vivo NMR involves live, intact organisms or cell cultures and the application of chemical stressors to reveal toxic mechanisms in real time. Alternatively, NMR-based metabolomics involves rapid cessation of metabolic activity following chemical exposure (via liquid N(2)) to provide an assessment of metabolic actions via more traditional NMR analysis. Two examples are briefly presented to exemplify the power of NMR for assessing toxic actions in marine and freshwater organisms.  相似文献   

Stable isotopes as a useful tool for revealing the environmental fate and trophic effect of open-sea-cage fish farm wastes on marine benthic organisms with different feeding guilds     

Wai TC  Leung KM  Wu RS  Shin PK  Cheung SG  Li XY  Lee JH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):77-85

Environmental fate of fish farm wastes (FFW) released from an open-sea-cage farm at Kat O, Hong Kong was examined by measuring carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (SI) ratios in selected benthic organisms collected along a 2000 m transect from the farm. Our results showed that FFW significantly influenced the energy utilization profile of consumers near the fish farm. Although nitrogen enrichment effect on δ15N was anticipated in biota near the farm, the predicted patterns did not consistently occur in all feeding guilds. Two species of suspension-feeders, which relied on naturally δ15N-depleted sources, were δ15N-enriched near the fish farm. In contrast, both species of benthic grazer and deposit-feeder, which relied on naturally δ15N-enriched algal sources, were δ15N-depleted under the influence of FFW. The SI signatures of biota can, therefore, serve as feasible biomarkers for FFW discharges only when the trophic structure of the receiving environment is fully elucidated.  相似文献   

近地表磁异常与油气产区之间的关系     

Foote  RS 郝天珧 《物探化探译丛》1998,(6):91-93

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洋壳结构的新地震图象     

Whit.  RS 谢弘阳 《海洋地质译丛》1991,(3):53-57

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Influence of a Brazilian sewage outfall on the toxicity and contamination of adjacent sediments     

Abessa DM  Carr RS  Rachid BR  Sousa EC  Hortelani MA  Sarkis JE 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(8):875-885

The submarine sewage outfall of Santos (SSOS) is situated in the Santos Bay (São Paulo, Brazil) and is potentially a significant source of contaminants to the adjacent marine ecosystem. The present study aimed to assess the influence of SSOS on the sediment toxicity and contamination at Santos Bay. At the disposal site, sediments tended to be finer, organically richer and exhibited higher levels of surfactants and metals, sometimes exceeding the “Threshold Effect Level” values. The SSOS influence was more evident toward the East, where the sediments exhibited higher levels of TOC, total S and metals during the summer 2000 sampling campaign. Sediment toxicity to amphipods was consistently detected in four of the five stations studied. Amphipod survival tended to correlate negatively to Hg, total N and % mud. This work provides evidence that the SSOS discharge affects the quality of sediments from Santos Bay, and that control procedures are warranted.  相似文献