Chironomid responses to long-term metal contamination: a paleolimnological study in two bays of Lake Imandra, Kola Peninsula, northern Russia     

Boris Ilyashuk  Elena Ilyashuk  Vladimir Dauvalter 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(2):217-230

Short sediment cores from two gulfs, Monche Bay and Kunchast Bay, of Lake Imandra (Kola Peninsula, northern Russia) were analysed for sediment chemistry and chironomid head capsule remains. Monche Bay has been receiving metals from the Severonikel copper-nickel smelter since the late 1930's. Kunchast Bay was selected in the remotest lake basin as an internal reference site. There were no pronounced changes in the chironomid assemblages with the beginning of slight metal contamination of Kunchast Bay. Based on the reconstructed environmental variables and chironomid assemblages, three developmental stages were distinguished from the chironomid fauna history of Monche Bay: (1) A natural development stage; (2) the early warning stage; and (3) the developing crises stage. During the first period, the changes in the chironomid fauna reflect an anthropogenically undisturbed assemblage, with Micropsectra insignilobus dominating (17–23%). The changes during the second period reflect the initial phase of anthropogenic succession associated with the beginning of metal pollution. The main species showed opposite distributional patterns in this period: the abundance of M. insignilobus decreased, whereas the abundance of Chironomus, Procladius and Sergentia coracina increased. At the same time, maximal numbers were attained for species richness (45) and Shannon-Weaver diversity (4.85) of chironomid assemblages, and the highest head capsule concentration (75 head capsules · g^–1 of dry sediment). The third period was characterized by a major shift in the faunal assemblages, from M. insignilobus to other dominant species, including Chironomus (22–44%), Procladius (10–30 %) and S. coracina (15–18%). Besides fauna changes, assemblages of the third period are distinguished by the occurrence of mouthpart deformities in Chironomus head capsules.  相似文献   

Post-glacial diatom and geochemical records of ecological status and water level changes of Lake Vorota,Western Beringia     

Firsova  Alena D.  Chebykin  Eugene P.  Kopyrina  Liubov I.  Rodionova  Elena V.  Chensky  Dmitry A.  Gubin  Nikita A.  Panov  Vsevolod S.  Pogodaeva  Tatyana V.  Bukin  Yurij S.  Suturin  Alexandr N.  Likhoshway  Yelena V. 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2021,66(4):407-437

Journal of Paleolimnology - In this study, radiocarbon-dated geochemical and diatom records from Lake Vorota located within the informal meteorological ‘pole of cold’ of the northern...  相似文献   

Tribute     

Elena Smirnova  Elena Anchutina 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(4):298-298

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Deep array electromagnetic sounding on the Baltic Shield: External excitation model and implications for upper mantle conductivity studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elena Yu. Sokolova  Ivan M. Varentsov  BEAR Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2007,445(1-2):3

The BEAR array of simultaneous electromagnetic (EM) observations probes the deep crustal and upper mantle conductivity structure of the Baltic Shield searching for the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath. The adequate interpretation of the results of this unique high latitude natural field EM sounding requires proper understanding of the actual external excitation conditions because conventionally used plane wave model assumptions may be substantially violated in the vicinity of inhomogeneous polar sources. The paper presents an overview of the morphology and statistics of source distortions in the BEAR EM field transfer functions (TF) and the ways of their suppression. The stability of the final TF estimates obtained with the exclusion of intensive non-stationary auroral effects is further justified. The external excitation model effective for the whole BEAR observation period is inferred from the array distribution of the inter-station geomagnetic transfer functions. The model is supported by the results of polar ionosphere–magnetosphere current system studies, based on the simultaneous ground and satellite geomagnetic observations, and sets bounds for the “plane wave” approach in the BEAR data interpretation to avoid unfounded inferences on the upper mantle electrical properties. The signatures of the lithosphere–asthenospere boundary under Fennoscandia derived from the BEAR data are summarized and its resolution within the traditional plane wave interpretational paradigm is analysed assuming the presented external source pattern and estimated TF uncertainties caused by the source inhomogeneity.  相似文献   

基于GRACE时变重力场的三峡水库补给水系水储量变化   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

汪汉胜  王志勇  袁旭东  Wu Patrick  Rangelova Elena 《地球物理学报》2007,50(3):730-736

利用22个月的GRACE时变重力场，反演了三峡水库补给水系的水储量变化，并按月给出了数值结果.与水文学同化模型（CPC）的两组比较说明基于GRACE重力的反演结果是合理的.当高斯平均半径为1000 km时，该区总水储量变化的峰谷差为14 cm，其年变化振幅为58 cm，相位为-408天，与CPC模型合成重力数据的反演结果进行比较，其总水储量变化均方差为13 cm，年变化振幅相差01 cm，相位相差10天.为进一步检验GRACE能否监测该区真实水储量变化，还将其反演结果与CPC模型的真实平均结果进行比较，结果发现总体均方差为21 cm，年变化振幅相差17 cm，相位相差93天.因此，第一种比较过高地估计了GRACE监测该区水储量变化的能力，第二种比较则较真实地反映了实际情况，尽管反演结果与水文学的结果差别较大，但仍然显示GRACE能监测该区每月的水储量变化.  相似文献   

Urbanization and class-produced natures: Vegetable gardens in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region     

Elena Domene 《Geoforum》2007,38(2):287-298

This paper examines urban vegetable gardens in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (MRB) in the context of a political ecological approach. We argue that these gardens provide an interesting example of how the urbanization process creates particular “socionatures” linked in this case to retired members of the working class who occupy (often as squatters) and transform the interstices left by the expanding city in order to produce food at a small scale. We document how these vegetable gardens are the product of a peculiar form of the recent urban history of the area, and also how they are increasingly under pressure due to the rapid process of sprawl now characterizing the expansion of the built environment in the Barcelona region. Vegetable gardens also highlight the contradictions of public policies in managing urban development, since the general attitude towards their elimination from the urban landscape stands in opposition to many of the sustainability initiatives such as the “greening of cities” promoted by city councils in this area.The empirical analysis was carried out in the municipality of Terrassa, one of the largest cities in the MRB, and also one with a higher number of vegetable gardens. We interviewed 132 plot users and obtained data about the legal status of gardens, their size and appearance, and crops grown, as well as the reasons for pursuing this activity. Our results show that, in general, this is an activity undertaken by people over 60 years old, often retired members of the working class that migrated to Catalonia from other Spanish regions in the 1960s and 1970s, and that use these spaces for a variety of reasons (personal goals, support to their families, and also as a bond to their rural past). Finally, we develop some conclusions regarding vegetable gardens in which we maintain that different social classes may create different natures but that class and power relations appear to legitimize some of these natures over others, for example, private and public gardens having a much larger social and institutional appeal and support than the vegetable gardens of the retired workers.  相似文献   

A Validation of MODIS Snowcover Products in Romania: Challenges and Future Directions     

Cristian Flueraru  Gheorghe Stancalie  Vasile Craciunescu  Elena Savin 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(6):927-941

The MODIS snowcover product is one of many geophysical products derived from MODIS data. A cross‐validation of the MODIS snowcover daily products with data obtained from the meteorological network stations was conducted for the entire territory of Romania. The validation time interval covered the period between 29 October, 2004 and 1 May, 2005. The overall accuracy for the whole set of cloud‐free useful data proved to be 95%. The validation time interval included the three common snow situations: (1) late autumn months where 37.1% of the initial set of the data was used, and the overall accuracy was 98.6%; (2) the “winter” months where the clouds reduced the set of useful data – 31.75%– and the overall accuracy was 93.7%; and (3) the months of February and March which returned the highest accuracy (> 95%). Additionally, a cross‐validation using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) high‐resolution imagery was carried out. Furthermore, the MODIS, meteorological data and ASTER data were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to perform flexible and comprehensive cross‐checking followed by a thematic analysis based on additional sets of data such as digital elevation models (DEMs) and land‐cover datasets.  相似文献   

Imposex levels and concentrations of organotin compounds (TBT and its metabolites) in Nassarius nitidus from the Lagoon of Venice     

Bruno Pavoni  Elena Centanni  Sara Valcanover  Marco Fasolato  Silvia Ceccato  Davide Tagliapietra 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,55(10-12):505

Specimens of Nassarius nitidus were collected in seven stations of the Venice Lagoon to assess the levels of tributyltin (TBT) and its metabolites monobutyltin and dibutyltin in the tissues and monitor their effect on organisms, in particular the phenomenon of imposex (superimposition of male sexual characteristics on females). The following values of population indices were found: vas deferens sequence: 1.2 ± 0.7–4.0 ± 0.5; relative penis length: 6–47%. The least impacted station was situated in the northern part of the Lagoon, where females without imposex were found and Butyltin (BuTs) concentrations in the organisms (average sum of BuTs = 43 ± 14 ng Sn g⁻¹ w.) were significantly lower than in the other stations (range of average sum of BuTs: 101 ± 22–217 ± 27 ng Sn g⁻¹ d.w.). Population indices were found to be related to the TBT content in the tissues. In particular VDSI had a significant logarithmic correlation: r = 0.95, n = 8, p < 0.05.  相似文献   

The Enigmatic Behaviour of the Old Nova RR Pic     

Linda Schmidtobreick  Claus Tappert  Alessandro Ederoclite  Ivo Saviane  Elena Mason 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):303-305

We report preliminary results of an observing run at the 1--m telescope at CTIO during which we followed RR Pic over several nights in February 2005. The resulting light curves show no sign of an eclipse. Apart from the 3.48 h period, which is usually interpreted as the orbital one, we find an additional period at P=3.78 h, which we interpret as the superhump period of the system.We furthermore present high–resolution Doppler maps in Hα, Hβ and He II, which we derived from observations at the NTT, La Silla in February 2004. They show strong variations in the emission distribution from one day to the next. While Hα and Hβ emission clearly show the accretion disc with some additional isolated sources, the He II emission is confined to an elongated region at low velocities.  相似文献   

Crystallization of Cr-poor and Cr-rich megacryst suites from the host kimberlite magma: implications for mantle structure and the generation of kimberlite magmas     

Andy?MooreEmail author  Elena?Belousova 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,149(4):462-481

Cr-poor and Cr-rich megacryst suites, both comprising of varying proportions of megacrysts of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet, olivine, ilmenite and a number of subordinate phases, coexist in many kimberlites, with wide geographic distribution. In rare instances, the two suites occur together on the scale of individual megacryst hand specimens. Deformation textures are common to both suites, suggesting an origin related to the formation of the sheared peridotites that also occur in kimberlites. Textures and compositions of the latter are interpreted to reflect deformation and metasomatism within the thermal aureole surrounding the kimberlite magma in the mantle. The megacrysts crystallized in this thermal aureole in pegmatitic veins representing small volumes of liquids derived from the host kimberlite magma, which were injected into a surrounding fracture network prior to kimberlite eruption. Close similarities between compositions of Cr-rich megacryst phases and those in granular lherzolites are consistent with early crystallization from a primitive kimberlite liquid. The low-Cr megacryst suite subsequently crystallized from residual Cr-depleted liquids. However, the Cr-poor suite also reflects the imprint of contamination by liquids formed by melting of inhomogeneously distributed mantle phases with low melting temperatures, such as calcite and phlogopite, present within the thermal aureole surrounding the kimberlite magma reservoir. Such carbonate-rich melts migrated into, and mixed with some, but not all, of the kimberlite liquids injected into the mantle fracture network. Contamination by the carbonate-rich melts changed the Ca–Mg and Mg–Fe crystal–liquid distribution coefficient, resulting in the crystallization of relatively Fe-rich and Ca-poor phases. The implied higher crystal-melt Mg–Fe distribution coefficient for carbonate-rich magmas accounts for the generation of small volumes of Mg-rich liquids that are highly enriched in incompatible elements (i.e. primary kimberlite magmas). The inferred metasomatic origin for the sheared peridotites implies that this suite provides little or no information regarding vertical changes in the thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the mantle.  相似文献