Characterization of Risks in Coastal Zones: A Review     

Mireille Escudero Castillo  Edgar Mendoza Baldwin  Rodolfo Silva Casarin  Gregorio Posada Vanegas  Maritza Arganis Juaréz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):894-905

Interest in sustainable development for the natural, socio‐economic, and cultural resources of coastal zones is growing worldwide. On the other hand, the range of threats to coastal zones increasingly posed by hydro‐meteorological natural phenomena has led to a trend in the analysis and assessment of risks to these areas. The available literature dealing with coastal risk assessment is quite wide, focusing mainly on the risk evaluation of coastal flooding and erosion resulting directly from the occurrence of extreme natural events. The risk assessment methodologies are usually specific to the conditions and available data of each country, society or location, though most have evolved to assess the risk concept more precisely and rigorously. However, there are still very few studies that present feasible and effective methodologies, which lead to the effective integration of risk analysis at all levels. In Mexico coastal risk analysis has barely begun despite our extensive coastline, which is highly vulnerable to the threat of tropical cyclones. This paper aims to give a broad view of the risk assessment methodologies which already exist, in order to provide a starting point for future efforts in Mexico and elsewhere.  相似文献   

Hydro‐morphologic Revision of the Cuautla Channel at Nayarit,Mexico     

Cuauhtemoc Franco Ochoa  Edgar Mendoza Baldwin  Rodolfo Silva Casarín  Gabriel Ruiz Martínez 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):920-925

Pollution, habitat modification, and species migration are some of the results of human activities on natural environments which can be mitigated or compensated with proper planning. Irresponsibility or ignorance in planning coastal projects too often produces damage to natural systems which can be unpredictable and sometimes irrevocable. The specific site analyzed in this paper is the Cuautla littoral sub‐system which was originally a lagoon that diverted river water to other lagoons and estuaries, thus irrigating the Mexican Marismas Nacionales system, in the states of Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico. In the 1970s social and economic considerations motivated the construction of a small breaching canal from the sea to the lagoon. The subsequent growth of this channel was unforeseen and has produced an irreversible impact not only in the sub‐system but probably in the entire area of Marismas Nacionales. A lack of understanding of the present balances in the damaged system and of the impacts the changing morphology has on future change has created the need to study this area using numerical hydrodynamic simulation. The present distribution of water in the sub‐system was established and the governing processes were detected. By means of an analytical estimation of equilibrium conditions it was found that if nothing is done, the channel will continue eroding and the ecosystem will continue to degrade. Only by understanding the dramatic perturbations caused by the construction of the channel to the hydrologic and morphologic equilibriums can there be any hope of rescuing the ecosystem, including its human activities.  相似文献   

Survival and movements of Magellanic penguins rehabilitated from oil fouling along the coast of South America, 2000-2010     

Ruoppolo V  Vanstreels RE  Woehler EJ  Heredia SA  Adornes AC  da Silva-Filho RP  Matus R  Poleschi C  Griot K  Kolesnikovas CK  Serafini P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(7):1309-1317

Oil pollution is a significant conservation concern. We examined data from six institutions along the coast of South America: Emergency Relief Team of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Fundación Mundo Marino, Centro de Recupera??o de Animais Marinhos, Natura Patagonia, Associa??o R3 Animal, and Mar del Plata Aquarium and data from resightings in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Falkland/Malvinas Islands. From 2000 to 2010, 2183 oiled Magellanic penguins were rehabilitated as part of the routine activities of these institutions or during emergency responses to eight oil spills in which they were involved; all rehabilitated penguins were flipper banded and released. Since their release, 41 penguins were resighted until 31 December 2011. The results demonstrate that, when combined with other prevention strategies, the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins is a strategy that contributes to the mitigation of adverse effects of oil spills and chronic pollution to the species.  相似文献   

Distribution and characterization of Chilean populations of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca)     

Oscar Zuñiga  Rodolfo Wilson  Francisco Amat  Francisco Hontoria 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(1):23-40

Hypersaline habitats in Chile, from marine solar salt pans to saline lagoons and pools in Andean salars, were prospected in search of Artemia populations. These saline ecosystems were characterized through physico-chemical parameters and ionic composition of their brines. Biometrics of cysts and nauplii, as well as morphometrics by using multivariate discriminant analysis for adult specimens evidenced that the Chilean populations of brine shrimp belong to A. franciscana. Cross-breeding results supported the former hypothesis of conspecific Chilean populations, and their differences with A. persimilis, also endemic to the New World, but restricted to Argentinean sites.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard in southern Calabria (Italy) based on the analysis of a synthetic earthquake catalog     

Rodolfo Console  Massimo Chiappini  Liliana Minelli  Fabio Speranza  Roberto Carluccio  Michele Greco 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(5):931-943

The application of a newly developed physics-based earthquake simulator to the active faults inferred by aeromagnetism in southern Calabria has produced a synthetic catalog lasting 100 ky including more than 18,000 earthquakes of magnitude ≥?4.0. This catalog exhibits temporal, spatial and magnitude features, which resemble those of the observed seismicity. As an example of the potential use of synthetic catalogs, a map of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for a given exceedance probability on the territory under investigation has been produced by means of a simple attenuation law applied to all the events reported in the synthetic catalog. This map was compared with the existing hazard map that is presently used in the national seismic building regulations. The comparison supports a strong similarity of our results with the values given in the present Italian seismic building code, despite the latter being based on a different methodology. The same similarity cannot be recognized for the comparison of our present study with the results obtained from a previous study based on our same methodology but with a different geological model.  相似文献   

Genetic algorithms to determine JONSWAP spectra parameters     

Rueda-Bayona  Juan Gabriel  Guzmán  Andrés  Silva  Rodolfo 《Ocean Dynamics》2020,70(4):561-571

Ocean Dynamics - The genetic algorithm (GA) model presented here provides specific JONSWAP parameters that can be used for wave modelling. This work describes a validated heuristic model based on...  相似文献   

Evidence of site amplification from ground motion of the last two large crustal earthquakes in central-western Argentina     

Alvarado  Patricia  Christiansen  Rodolfo  Gregori  Salvador Daniel  Saez  Mauro 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1011-1031

Natural Hazards - The present study has investigated site amplification effects from the analysis of peak ground accelerations (PGA) and spectral accelerations (SA) of the last two major crustal...  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional vorticity and time‐constrained evolution of the Main Central Thrust zone,Garhwal Himalaya (NW India)     

Chiara Montemagni  Rodolfo Carosi  Nicoletta Fusi  Salvatore Iaccarino  Chiara Montomoli  Igor M. Villa  Stefano Zanchetta 《地学学报》2020,32(3):215-224

Vorticity estimates based on porphyroclasts analysis are limited by the extrapolation to three dimensions of two‐dimensional data. We describe a 3D approach based on the use of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography that better reflects the real 3D geometry of the porphyroclasts population. This new approach for kinematic vorticity analysis in the Munsiari Thrust mylonites, the lower boundary of the Main Central Thrust zone (MCTz) in Indian Himalaya, indicates a large pure shear component during non‐coaxial shearing. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of micas along the mylonitic foliation of the Munsiari and Vaikrita thrusts (the upper boundary of the MCTz) constrain thrust activity to 5–4 and 8–9 Ma, respectively. Available kinematic vorticity analyses of the Vaikrita mylonites suggest the dominance of a simple shear component. Combining these data, we suggest that the southward and structurally downward shift of deformation along the MCTz was accompanied by a progressive increase in the pure shear component in a general shear flow.  相似文献   

Practices in disaster mitigation in the case of the 2015 Typhoon Koppu debris flows in Nueva Ecija,Philippines     

Llanes  Francesca V.  Eco  Rodrigo  Herrero  Tatum Miko  Briones  Jo Brianne Louise  Escape  Carmille Marie  Sulapas  Jolly Joyce  Galang  Jan Albert Macario  Ortiz  Iris Jill  Sabado  Jasmine May  Lagmay  Alfredo Mahar Francisco  Rodolfo  Kelvin 《Natural Hazards》2022,114(1):665-690

Natural Hazards - In October 2015, heavy rains brought by Typhoon Koppu generated landslides and debris flows in the municipalities of Bongabon, Laur, and Gabaldon in Nueva Ecija province....  相似文献   

Laboratory investigation of pressure gradients induced by plunging breakers     

Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña  Amaia Ruiz de Alegría-Arzaburu  Alec Torres-Freyermuth  Edgar Mendoza  Rodolfo Silva 《Coastal Engineering》2011

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