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31.
采用电法测量时,为提高观测精度和质量,增强电磁耦合抗干扰能力,须合理计算和减小接地电阻。接地电阻可根据电流场性质和导线电阻定义来计算。针对棒状电极,运用MATLAB软件仿真分析其接地电阻随电极半径、入土深度、电极表面附近土壤覆盖距离的变化规律,确定棒状电极的主要尺寸。由于电极尺寸一般相对固定,减小接地电阻主要通过减小电极附近的土壤电阻率和多根电极并联接地。通过仿真分析接地电阻随更换土壤覆盖半径及集合屏蔽效应系数随电极间隔变化规律,指出更换土壤覆盖半径一般取在100~150 cm范围内,电极间隔大于2倍入土深度,此时接地效果最佳。 相似文献
32.
DO Mirera 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(3):315-325
The demand for mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål 1775) in the global market has increased, hence there is growing momentum to farm the species in Africa. Aquaculture production in Kenya and elsewhere in East Africa currently relies on juvenile seeds sourced from the wild. Wild-seed collection calls for management of the juvenile crab industry founded on knowledge of the species’ ecology, so as to achieve a sustainable seed supply and recruitment to the capture fishery. This study investigated the tidal, diurnal and seasonal occurrence of juvenile crabs in three habitats (intertidal-flat boundary zones, inside the mangroves, and in channels) in small creeks (Mida, Kilifi and Mtwapa) and Gazi Bay, on the coast of Kenya. Sampling was done with scoop nets and seining at receding tides and via burrow searches at low spring tides (day and night). Juveniles in the mangrove/intertidal-flat boundary zone were found sheltered under mangrove leaves or debris, or in shallow burrows during low spring tides, whereas at receding tides they could be seen moving out with the tide or searching for sheltering substrate or burrows. Catch per unit effort at high-abundance sites varied between 59 and 68 crabs fisher?1 day?1. More juvenile crabs, sized 10–80 mm internal carapace width (ICW), occurred at night during the receding tide. Net-seining was effective in the collection of juvenile mud crabs <30 mm ICW, whereas burrow sampling was effective for gathering larger crabs. However, collection of juveniles by seining reduced the quality of the crabs caught due to frequent loss of chelipeds, as compared with retrieving individual crabs by searching burrows. Some juveniles collected in the intertidal-flat boundary-zone habitat were either in the process of moulting or had just moulted, indicating the significance of this habitat for mud crabs at this physically delicate life stage. 相似文献