全文获取类型
收费全文 | 775篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 32篇 |
大气科学 | 46篇 |
地球物理 | 168篇 |
地质学 | 242篇 |
海洋学 | 82篇 |
天文学 | 158篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 78篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有809条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Thomas A. Munroe Donald M. Baltz Robert L. Allen Steve W. Ross 《Estuaries and Coasts》2000,23(4):439-448
Two species of tonguefishes,Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus 1766) andSymphurus civitatium Ginsburg 1951, occur sympatrically and sometimes syntopically in shallow water habitats in North Carolina and Louisiana estuaries. In North Carolina, approximately 2% of 430 small (<75 mm SL) tonguefishes collected wereS. civitatium, while in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, this species was more abundant and cosmopolitan in distribution than wasS. plagiusa, comprising over 82% of 3,564 tonguefishes collected with a small beam trawl over a 2-yr period. Historical literature has regardedS. plagiusa as the only tonguefish species inhabiting inshore waters in both regions. Presence of a secondSymphurus species in shallow estuaries has been overlooked, most probably due to difficulties in identifying early post-settlement juveniles because both species have similar morphologies and overlapping dorsal-fin and anal-fin ray counts. Juveniles can be readily recognized by differences in number of caudal-fin rays (10 inS. plagiusa versus 12 inS. civitatium), especially when used in combination with pigmentation patterns and posterior extent of the jaws relative to the posterior margin of the lower eye. The most distinctive pigmentation difference between juveniles of these two species (allowing for accurate identifications of over 98% of juveniles) is the absence inS. civitatium (12–61 mm SL) of a series of melanophores overlying pterygiophore regions of the dorsal and anal fins on the blind side. This feature contrasts markedly with that of juvenileS. plagiusa (12–65 mm SL), which are characterized by two interrupted, diagonal series of dark chromatophores converging, but not merging, with posterior tapering of the body. Occurrence of two sympatric species of tonguefishes in estuarine environments in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico and southeastern U.S. potentially compromises results of earlier ecological and distributional studies that assumed presence of only a single tonguefish species in these regions. 相似文献
192.
While cap dolostones are integral to the Snowball Earth hypothesis, the current depositional model does not account for multiple geological observations. Here we propose a model that rationalises palaeomagnetic, sequence‐stratigraphic and sedimentological data and supports rapid deglaciation with protracted cap dolostone precipitation. The Snowball Earth hypothesis posits that a runaway ice‐albedo can explain the climate paradox of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits occurring at low palaeolatitudes. This scenario invokes volcanic degassing to increase atmospheric greenhouse gases to a critical threshold that overcomes the albedo effect and brings the planet back from the ice‐covered state. Once this occurs, Earth should shift rapidly from a snowball to an extreme greenhouse. However, cap dolostone units overlying glacial sediments, typically interpreted as transgressive deposits, exhibit multiple magnetic reversals indicating they accumulated in >105 years. By reviewing modern post‐glacial systems, sequence stratigraphic concepts and principles of sedimentology, we suggest that cap dolostones are not restricted to the transgression but rather represent sediment starvation following a major landward shoreline migration associated with the demise of Snowball Earth. Thus, the duration in which cap dolostone accumulated is not directly coupled to the timescale of the Snowball Earth deglaciation. 相似文献
193.
194.
195.
The Soft X-ray Telescope for the SOLAR-A mission 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
S. Tsuneta L. Acton M. Bruner J. Lemen W. Brown R. Caravalho R. Catura S. Freeland B. Jurcevich M. Morrison Y. Ogawara T. Hirayama J. Owens 《Solar physics》1991,136(1):37-67
The Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) of the SOLAR-A mission is designed to produce X-ray movies of flares with excellent angular and time resolution as well as full-disk X-ray images for general studies. A selection of thin metal filters provide a measure of temperature discrimination and aid in obtaining the wide dynamic range required for solar observing. The co-aligned SXT aspect telescope will yield optical images for aspect reference, white-light flare and sunspot studies, and, possibly, helioseismology. This paper describes the capabilities and characteristics of the SXT for scientific observing.After the launch the name of SOLAR-A has been changed to YOHKOH. 相似文献
196.
197.
Sm-Nd isotopic compositions were determined for the peralkaline Ilímaussaq Complex of the Gardar Province of southern Greenland. The majority of the samples in the agpaitic and augite syenitic units have near chondritic initial Nd(≈ 0), whereas a few samples trend towards Nd values as low as − 6 at the time of intrusion (1143 Ma). This latter value, from a sample taken from the margin of the complex, lying on the evolutionary trend for Ketilidian country-rock granitoids, suggests that large-scale contamination took place only at the margins of the complex. The similarity of the Nd isotopic compositions of the augite syenite and agpaitic units suggests that their parental magmas were derived from the same reservoir. A comparison of the Nd with existing Sr and Hf isotopic data for the complex suggests an origin by combined assimilation fractionation processes. Assimilation-fractional crystallization modeling of the isotopic compositions indicates that the Ilímaussaq magmas could have formed through fractional crystallization of a basaltic melt while assimilating granitic crust. The model requires initially higher assimilation rates from basalt to augite syenite composition with subsequent decreasing assimilation rates from augite syenite to agpaitic compositions. Alkali granites, which formed after the intrusion of the augite syenites, have isotopic compositions intermediate between those of the augite syenites and the surrounding Ketilidian basement. This implies even greater amounts of assimilation and is interpreted as evidence for an origin through fractionation of a basaltic or augite syenite magma with concurrent assimilation of Ketilidian crust. 相似文献
198.
Distinguishing magmatic from subsolidus epidote: laser probe oxygen isotope compositions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Epidote occurs in four textural varieties in the Mount Lowe intrusion of southern California: euhedra, anhedra, intergrowths
and cross-cutting veins. Of these, conspicuous elongate euhedra, which range up to 3 cm in length, meet most of the established
textural criteria for magmatic epidote. Equant anhedral grains, which are ˜5 mm in diameter, are texturally ambiguous although
rare allanite cores are suggestive of a magmatic origin. Epidote intergrowths with hornblende and biotite also meet certain
textural criteria for crystallization from a magma, notably, euhedral faces against biotite. Finally, late-stage veins of
epidote cross-cut all phases in the rock and are likely subsolidus. Oxygen isotopic compositions of these four textural varieties
of epidote determined using the laser probe indicate that the use of textural criteria alone in establishing epidote parageneses
can be misleading. Intracrystalline δ18O variations in the euhedra document both magmatic and subsolidus compositions. Oxygen isotope compositions are bimodal averaging
5.36 ± 0.13‰ (n = 11) and 4.66 ± 0.23‰ (n = 21). These data combined with plagioclase and zircon δ18O values are interpreted to indicate that magmatic oxygen isotopic compositions have been preserved where epidote δ18O is greater than 5‰. Significant portions of each euhedral crystal have been affected by subsolidus exchange and are characterized
by epidote δ18O values less than 5‰. Intracrystalline δ18O values of epidote anhedra range from 4.50 to 6.08‰ and thus also document both magmatic and subsolidus compositions. Subsolidus
exchange is volumetrically less significant in the anhedra than in the euhedra. Values of δ18O for intergrowths and late-stage cross-cutting veins of epidote average 3.81 ± 0.22‰ and document clearly subsolidus growth.
The data confirm that in the Mount Lowe intrusion, large euhedra of epidote are magmatic in origin, consistent with textural
evidence. The data also indicate that equant anhedra of epidote are also magmatic in origin and thus the absence of good crystal
faces does not necessarily indicate subsolidus growth. The subsolidus origin of intergrowths of epidote with euhedral faces
against biotite indicates that well developed crystal faces do not require growth from a magma. Finally, the subsolidus origin
of the vein epidote is consistent with textural evidence. The increased resolution available with laser-based oxygen isotope
measurements offers an important test for documenting whether epidote is of magmatic or subsolidus origin. Given the barometric
significance of magmatic epidote, oxygen isotope compositions can be used to aid in the interpretation of epidote-bearing
plutons.
Received: 9 April 1996 / Accepted: 3 August 1996 相似文献
199.
Howard B. Ross Christer Johansson Claes de Serves John Lind 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):411-423
Atmospheric peroxides and formaldehyde were measured at two sites in Sweden; inside a Scots pine stand (Jädraås) and on top of Mt. Åreskutan (1250 msl). Peroxide levels at Jädraås were highest during the day and lowest during the night. Mid-day concentrations of H2O2 varied between 0.05 and 2 ppbv. Isentropic trajectories together with local O3 measurements indicated the importance of long range transport on surface H2O2 lévels. Large diurnal variations and vertical profiles showed the importance of turbulent mixing processes and dry deposition. A comparison of H2O2 and O3 diurnal variations indicated a more rapid dry deposition of H2O2 to the forest. It would appear that terpenes emitted from the forest play a minor role in controlling the H2O2 levels. Formaldehyde at Jädraås had a different diurnal variation than peroxides; highest levels were observed in the early evening indicating chemical production of CH2O. Diurnal variations of peroxides on Mt Åreskutan were opposite to those at Jädraås, highest concentrations were observed during the night. This result is to be expected if during the day air from inside the valley, with lower peroxide levels relative to the free troposphere, rises to the mountain top. In the evening, subsidence brings free tropospheric air with higher peroxides levels to the mountain. 相似文献
200.
Paul H. Roux Robert L. Hall Richard H. Ross Jr. 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1991,11(3):173-181
A ground water monitoring study was conducted for the triazine herbicide simazine at 11 sites in the United States. The study used carefully selected, small-scale sites (average size: about 33 acres) with documented product use and sensitive hydrogeological settings. The sites selected were Tulare County, California (two sites); Fresno County, California; Sussex County, Delaware; Hardee and Palm Beach counties, Florida; Winnebago County, Illinois; Jackson County, Indiana; Van Buren and Berrien counties, Michigan; and Jefferson County, West Virginia. These sites satisfied the following criteria: a history of simazine use, including the year prior to the start of the study; permeable soil and vadose zone; shallow depth to water; no restrictive soil layers above the water table; and gentle slopes not exceeding 2 percent. A variety of crop types, climates, and irrigation practices were included. Monitoring well clusters (shallow and deep) were installed at each site except in California and West Virginia, where only shallow wells were installed. Simazine was monitored at these sites at quarterly intervals for a two-year period during 1986–1988.
The results of the study showed that out of 153 samples analyzed, 45 samples showed simazine detections. A substantial majority of the detections (32 out of 45) occurred in Tulare, Fresno, and Jefferson counties. The detections in these areas were attributed to mechanisms other than leaching, such as drainage wells, karst areas, surface water recharge, or point source problems. An additional 11 detections in Van Buren County were apparently due to an unknown upgradient source. Only one detection (in Palm Beach County, Florida) near the screening level of 0.1 ppb was attributed to possible leaching. The results of this investigation support the hypothesis that simazine does not leach significantly under field use conditions. 相似文献
The results of the study showed that out of 153 samples analyzed, 45 samples showed simazine detections. A substantial majority of the detections (32 out of 45) occurred in Tulare, Fresno, and Jefferson counties. The detections in these areas were attributed to mechanisms other than leaching, such as drainage wells, karst areas, surface water recharge, or point source problems. An additional 11 detections in Van Buren County were apparently due to an unknown upgradient source. Only one detection (in Palm Beach County, Florida) near the screening level of 0.1 ppb was attributed to possible leaching. The results of this investigation support the hypothesis that simazine does not leach significantly under field use conditions. 相似文献