排序方式： 共有68条查询结果，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
森林大火是森林生态系统最主要的干扰因素之一,不仅影响着森林生态系统内部的营养物质循环、水分和能量流动、土壤理化性质的变化,而且对冻土环境和冷生土壤和土壤碳库、碳氮循环等生物地球化学过程有着重要影响。随着气候变暖和人为活动不断增强,北方林区火灾日益频繁,对冻土的水热影响显著：活动层加深、薄层冻土退化、浅层有机碳大量快速释放、森林和湿地的逆向演替,导致热融沉陷、滑塌、泥石流等现象发生。通过综述国内外森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究进展,分析指出目前森林大火对冻土环境影响的研究主要集中在火烧之后短时间、小范围的定性描述与推断,缺乏长时间、大范围的定量分析。尤其是在大兴安岭地区,除了20世纪90年代初期的少量研究外,此后这方面研究虽有零星报道,但缺乏长期和系统的观测与模型研究,所以森林大火对冻土环境的研究,可以利用空间代替时间的方法,通过长、短期的野外观测和数值模拟相结合,定量研究森林大火之后,多年冻土的水热状态、过程和变化机制,可以为寒区林区、湿地保护、生态环境修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Rosa Lasaponara Ruixia Yang Fulong Chen Xin Li Nicola Masini 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(6):1303-1322
This paper provides a state of the art of the use of declassified satellite Corona for archaeological application and deals with the use of historical archives of Corona and aerial photographs for detecting ancient hidden cultural relics that may be completely lost in the modern landscape veiled by current land uses and land covers. Geospatial analysis is adopted to identify, extract and map the subtle archaeological features and cultural landscape of the lost Han–Wei Forbidden City in the Henan Province (China). It was one of the most important cities of ancient China, served as the capital for a long period, from the Eastern Zhou (2600 BP, Zhou Dynasty) to the Eastern Han and Wei Dynasties (1900–1500 BP). Outputs from our investigations clearly provided evidence of numerous buried structures of potential archaeological interest that were compared with historical documentation and excavations carried out in the area. The geospatial analysis, applied both to aerial photograph and to Corona pictures, enabled us to discover a number of unknown sub-palaces and structures, thus providing new insights for this important archaeological area. 相似文献
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Impact of assimilating FY-3C MWHS2 data in the RMAPS-ST forecast system on its rainfall forecasts 
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下载免费PDF全文 中层水汽初值的误差是数值预报,尤其是短期预报不确定性的重要来源.星载微波湿度计资料能很好地弥补常规资料的不足,同化微波湿度计资料对改善对流层中高层的水汽初始场精度有着重要意义.本研究基于新一代快速更新多尺度资料分析和预报系统短期数值预报系统(RMAPS-ST),选取2019年6月4-6日中国华中地区降水过程开展了 FY... 相似文献
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Ruixia Zhu Zhuolun Li Youhong Gao Qiujie Chen Qiangjing Yu 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(3):800-809
Calcareous root tubes (CRTs) contain abundant information about palaeoenvironmental conditions and have been used for palaeoenvironmental studies in the desert hinterlands of arid regions. However, as subclasses of CRTs, calcareous sheaths and rhizocretions are formed by different processes, and it remains unclear whether these differences produce variations in the chemical element composition. Furthermore, it remains uncertain whether variations in chemical element concentrations amongst different subclasses of the CRTs can affect palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. In this study, we collected 54 CRT samples from the Tengger Desert of northwestern China. All samples were dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating, and the chemical element composition and concentration differences of the two CRT subclasses were determined using X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. The CRT samples were dated to the Holocene. The calcareous sheath and rhizocretion samples contained varying concentrations of the same chemical elements. The rhizocretions had high concentrations of mobile elements (Ca, Mg and Sr) and P, whereas the calcareous sheaths had high concentrations of stable elements, including Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Rb and Ba. These differences were due to the different formation processes of the two subclasses of CRTs. Moreover, the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in the calcareous sheaths were higher than those in the rhizocretions from the same period, but these ratio differences had little effect on palaeo‐effective moisture reconstructions at the millennial scale during the Holocene. The reconstructions were not influenced by the various CRT subclasses. The Holocene millennial‐scale moisture changes in the Tengger Desert revealed by the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios showed that there was an arid period during the Early Holocene, a humid period during the Middle Holocene and a humid to arid period during the Late Holocene. 相似文献
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“一带一路”沿线地区城市扩张和形态变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尽管越来越多的人认识到“一带一路”沿线各国的城市化进程对其经济、政治和环境系统所起的重要作用,但对监测区域范围内城市扩张和形态变化的比较研究却极为有限。基于欧空局气候变化倡议项目最新发布的1992—2015年300 m分辨率的全球土地覆盖数据集、1992—2012年DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和2000—2015年LandScan人口数据,本文首先分析了1992—2015年“一带一路”陆域城市用地增长的空间格局和十大分区城市用地面积的动态。其次,通过分析3个时间点（1992年、2003年和2015年）上同心环内城市用地密度的时空变化,量化了“一带一路”沿线80个城市的扩张和形态变化。最后采用3种统计模型（线性、幂律和指数函数模型）来分析城市用地面积、加权灯光面积和城市人口之间的长期关系。结果显示,“一带一路”陆域城市用地面积占土地总面积的比例从1992年的0.24%上升至2015年的0.56%,并且非洲和亚洲的发展中国家是“一带一路”监测区域城市化的主要贡献者。同心环内城市用地密度从城市中心到城市边缘呈递减趋势,且城市间的空间分布完全不同。中国、欧洲、非洲、西亚、东南亚和印度6个分区人口数超过100万的城市间比较显示,除了中国城市形态变得分散,其他分区城市形态总体变得紧凑。分析结果也显示,夜间灯光信号所反映的城市经济活力和城市人口分布趋势在不同程度上影响城市空间扩张和形态变化。 相似文献
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环嵩山地区史前聚落分布与环境三维可视化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用GIS技术实现了环嵩山地区史前聚落分布与环境的三维可视化,制作了环嵩山地区史前聚落分布与环境三维效果图.依据三维效果图与区域环境演化特征,将环高山地区划分为河水(古黄河)、淮水与济水(古济水)3个水系区,并统计分析了3个水系区裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商4个时期的遗址分布特征,以此探讨了该区域史前人类迁移的环境背景.希望能为区域聚落考古研究提供依据,并能为其他区域聚落考古三维可视化与空间分析研究提供参考与借鉴,从而推动这一研究领域的深入发展. 相似文献
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The study of size-grade of prehistoric settlements in the Circum-Songshan area based on SOFM network
Choosing site area, cultural layer thickness, significant relics and significant remains as the variables, we applied cluster analysis to the ancient settlements of four cultural periods, respectively, which were Peiligang, Yangshao, Longshan and Xiashang, in 9000–3000 a BP, around Songshan Mountain. Through application of the SOFM (self-organizing feature map) networks, every type of ancient settlements was classified into different size-grades. By this means, the Peiligang settlements were divided into two grades, Yangshao and Longshan settlements were divided into three grades, respectively, and Xiashang settlements were divided into four grades. The results suggested that the size-grade diversity of ancient settlements was not significant during the Peiligang period in this area. Around the middle-late Yangshao period (5000 a BP), the size-grade diversity of ancient settlements began to appear, a process that continued during the Longshan period and finally matured in the Xiashang period. Moreover, the results reflected the regional differences in cultural characteristics in a particular period, which were mainly represented in that there were three Peiligang cultural systems distributed in different areas. Such differences also existed in the spatial distributive characteristics between the Xia and Shang cultures. Based on the size-grade study of ancient settlements in the Circum-Songshan area, it was found that the SOFM networks method was very suitable for size-grade classification of ancient settlements, since, using this method, adjacent cells would compete and learn from each other, a benefit that reduced the effect on classification by the inaccuracy of site acreages. 相似文献
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河南裴李岗文化聚落空间集聚分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
聚落空间分布是聚落考古和环境考古研究的重要内容之一,利用空间模型分析区域聚落分布,可以揭示区域内聚落空间分布形式和聚落之间的空间关系,为重新认识和理解聚落文化提供参考。利用GIS技术的空间模型分析功能对河南裴李岗文化聚落的空间分布特征进行分析,认为河南裴李岗文化时期聚落在空间上具有集聚型分布特征,并且具有双中心集聚结构,即具有两个空间分布中心聚落,分别为登封市唐庄乡的向阳遗址与舞阳县马村乡的阿岗寺遗址。最后从区域聚落规模对比角度对该两处遗址成为空间中心聚落的可能性进行了分析,从模型分析和区域聚落规模对比分析结果,可以认为向阳遗址与阿岗寺遗址是河南裴李岗文化时期聚落分布中心。 相似文献
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南海北部造礁珊瑚碳同位素的时空变化及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
海南岛东岸和南岸两个礁区采集了3个活体滨珊瑚,沿珊瑚生长轴线切样进行月分辨率的氧碳同位素分析,目的是研究珊瑚碳同位素组成在季节、年际和年代际3个时间尺度上的变化与季风气候的联系.结果表明,珊瑚的δ18O值的季节性变化和年际变化在全年都基本上受表层海温的控制,基于这一相关变化可以建立同位素序列的时间标尺.在同位素的时间序列上,珊瑚δ13C值季节性变化与日照基本同步.由于日照变化主要受大气顶部太阳理论日照和云量变化的控制,而理论日照在某一地点随时间的变化是规律的,所以,云量变化是珊瑚碳同位素组成季节变化的主要因素.过去30年珊瑚δ13C值最明显的年代际变化特征是1986～1987年δ13C值的突然减小事件,这一事件与日照的变化在时间和统计特征上都有一致性,但与云量变化关系不大,可能与其他因素引起的日照变化有关.现代滨珊瑚碳同位素组成普遍存在着变小的趋势,这种年代际变化与大气CO2同位素变化一致,两者在机理上成因关系也说明,近代珊瑚碳同位素组成变小的趋势与大气CO2的变化有关.不同海区的珊瑚同位素记录对比显示,海水及其中的有机物的碳同位素组成决定着珊瑚δ13C值季节变化性在空间上的分异特征,它们在很大程度上受淡水注入量的影响;同时,日照起主要作用的光合作用也对珊瑚δ13C值的变化在空间上的分异有一定的贡献. 相似文献