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31.
A study of radiosonde observations for temperature at 850 hPa over Delhi for a period of 35 years was conducted. The influence of atmospheric oscillations and geophysical events like El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropospheric temperature variability showed indicative trends for changing urban climate in Delhi. The inter‐annual variation in surface temperature and its relationship with land use changes and land cover changes (LULCC) was also examined. LULCC and urban expansion into peripheral areas of Delhi (towards the West, North, North‐West and South) at the cost of agricultural and wasteland was found to be extensive. The upper range of the surface temperature has shifted by ~6°C. The post‐monsoon and winter months from November to February have experienced a considerable increase in the average temperature in the period examined. The monsoon months from June to September have undergone cooling of ~0.5°C–1°C at 850 hPa. An inverse relationship exists between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the monthly averaged temperature. The temperature of the atmosphere over Delhi at 850 hPa has increased only marginally (~ 0.3°C) for the time period 1980–2015. Bi‐modal peaks were the most peculiar features observed in mean monthly temperature variation during 2000–2009. 相似文献
32.
Estimating boundary currents from satellite altimetry: A case study for the east coast of India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fabien Durand Doraiswamy Shankar Florence Birol S. Satheesh Chandra Shenoi 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(6):831-845
We present a methodology to derive surface geostrophic current from a newly released altimetric sea-level data set. TOPEX/Poseidon
data were first completely reprocessed from Geophysical Data Records using new algorithms accommodating marginal seas and
coastal conditions. The methodology applied to the reprocessed data essentially consists of a smoothing of the raw along-track
coastal altimetric data at scales at which the geostrophic equilibrium holds. This was reduced to a computational procedure
using a set of objective criteria. We have applied the method to the East India Coastal Current (EICC) at the western boundary
of the Bay of Bengal. This paper first examines the quality of the new data set, which compares well with tide-gauge data;
the current we derived is consistent with independent estimates. Our methodology reveals the full spectrum of the along-shore
current, ranging from intra-seasonal to inter-annual time scales, from the deep ocean to the shelf-break area where the EICC
exists. The algorithm can be applied to any coastal region where an order of the Rossby radius can be defined, and it therefore
opens up bright prospects for mapping the variability of other boundary-current systems in the world ocean from altimetry. 相似文献
33.
Satheesh S.K. Deepshikha S. Srinivasan J. Kaufman Y.J. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2006,3(3):307-311
There is a large uncertainty in the estimation of dust radiative forcing due to the lack of adequate data about complex spatial and temporal pattern of the radiative properties of dust. Here, we examine the temporal and spatial variability of dust absorption in the thermal infrared over the Afro-Asian regions using satellite data. Large dust absorption (nearly double compared to that of pure dust) was observed in regions with large anthropogenic influence, possibly due to deposition of black carbon on dust particles. While most of the recent estimates of global mean dust radiative forcing predicted net cooling, our studies indicate that there could be large heating due to dust over vast Afro-Asian regions. It appears that large dust heating is due to its interaction with anthropogenic black carbon. 相似文献
34.
Sujay Dutta NK Patel TT Medhavy SK Srivastava Naveen Mishra KRP Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1998,26(1-2):7-14
Multi temporal dat acquired at different growth stages increases the dimensionality information content and have advantage over single date data for crop classification. Attempt was made to select suitable single date and combination of multidate data for wheat crop classification in Nalanda district of Bihar state where pulses and other crops are also grown in rabi season. Amongst the single date data February data was found to be better for wheat classification in comparison to November. January, March and April data. Combination of first two principal components each derived from IRS LISS-I four band data acquired in January and February was found to be the best set. Wheat classification accuracy achieved was 94.54 percent. 相似文献
35.
S. Suresh Babu S. K. Satheesh K. Krishna Moorthy C. B. S. Dutt Vijayakumar S. Nair Denny P. Alappattu P. K. Kunhikrishnan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(1):263-271
During the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) over India, high-resolution airborne measurements of the altitude profiles of the mass concentrations (MB) of aerosol black carbon (BC) were made off Bhubaneswar (BBR, 85.82°E, 20.25°N), over northwest Bay of Bengal, in the altitude region upto 3 km. Such high-resolution measurements of altitude profiles of aerosols are done for the first time over India. The profiles showed a near-steady vertical distribution of MB modulated with two small peaks, one at 800m and the other at ～2000m. High resolution GPS (Global Positioning System) sonde (Vaisala) measurements around the same region onboard the research vessel Sagar Kanya (around the same time of the aircraft sortie) revealed two convectively well mixed layers, one from ground to ～700m with an inversion at the top and the other extends from 1200m to ～2000m with a second inversion at ～2200m and a convectively stable region in the altitude range 700–1200m. The observed peaks in the MB profile are found to be associated with these temperature inversions. In addition, long-range transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and deserts lying further to the west also influence the vertical profile of BC. Latitudinal variation of MB showed a remarkable land ocean contrast at the 500m altitude (within the well mixed region) with remarkably lower values over oceans, suggesting the impact of strong sources over the mainland. However, above the ABL (at 1500m), the latitudinal variations were quite weak, and this appears to be resulting from the impact of long-range transport. Comparison of the altitude profiles of MB over BoB off BBR with those obtained during the earlier occasion over the inland stations of Hyderabad and Kanpur showed similarities above ～500m, with MB remaining around a steady value of ～1 μg m?3. However, large differences are seen within the ABL. Even though the observed MB values are not unusually high, their near constancy in the vertical column will have important implications to radiative forcing. 相似文献
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Suspended sediment (SS) is an important pollutant in freshwater ecosystems and can be detrimental to fish communities. Although macrophytes mediate sediment deposition, little effort has been put into determining how their removal affects sediment resuspension. The present study examined the immediate and long-term impacts of mechanical macrophyte removal on SS concentrations in streams. The results of this study suggest that bed disturbance during mechanical excavation of macrophytes significantly increases SS in the short term, and concentrations were found to increase by as much as 15,687 mg L–1 immediately after macrophyte removal. Significant long-term (77 day) increases in SS were also observed, indicating that without macrophytes, disturbed material is continually resuspended after excavation by fluvial processes. These results demonstrate that macrophyte removal can result in SS levels that have previously been shown to harm fish, and indicate that this activity may be more detrimental to fish than previously thought. 相似文献