亚洲中部干旱区积雪时空变异遥感分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈文倩  丁建丽  马勇刚  张喆  周杰 《水科学进展》2018,29(1):11-19

亚洲中部干旱区的大尺度遥感积雪信息研究,可在跨界河流水资源分配利用方面提供数据支持,对国家重大战略的生态安全保障有重要作用。采用数据融合方法,将MOD10A2和MYD10A2数据进行融合去云处理,结合气象站点积雪数据评估去云后的积雪识别精度;提取积雪覆盖率(SCP)与积雪日数(SCD)信息,分析SCP与SCD年际、年内变化差异;结合数字高程模型,分析不同高程带下SCP的时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)MOD10A2与MYD10A2融合去云处理,可有效去除云的干扰,准确提取亚洲中部干旱区积雪变化信息。(2)年内SCP最大值范围为55.7%~77.4%,最小值范围为1.6%~2.9%,融雪期SCP下降速率具有明显地域差异,总体SCP呈缓慢增加趋势。(3)总体SCD呈略微下降趋势,32.2%的区域呈下降趋势,30.9%的区域呈增加趋势,36.9%的区域保持稳定不变。(4)海拔1 000 m以下,SCP年内随季节变化呈U型,年际变化显著;1 000~4 000 m区域,SCP年内均随季节的变化呈现出V型,年际变化呈现出稳定性波动;6 000 m以上为永久性积雪,季节、时空变化差异性均不明显。  相似文献   

The Combined Effect of Plastic Particles Size and Concentration on Rotifers’ (Brachionus plicatilis) Performance     

SUI Yanming  WANG Senyang  MOHSEN Mohamed  ZHANG Longsheng  SHEN Mengyan  LIU Zhiquan  NGUYEN Haidang  ZHANG Shengmao  LI Kaixing  LV Linlan  DONG Xuexing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):509-519

The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern.Nano-sized plastics,in particular,can penetrate the cell membrane and cause biological death.Our study evaluated the combined impacts of several polystyrene mi-crospheres’sizes and nominal concentrations on the overall performance changes of Brachionus plicatilis.Experimental animals were exposed to three microplastic sizes(0.08,0.5 and 6μm)and five nominal concentrations(0,0.5,2,8,32μg mL?1)for 20 d.Our results showed that the toxicological effect of particle size on rotifers did not significantly depend on the nominal concentration.The interaction between the nominal concentration and size occurred only for body length and lorica width.Specifically,high nominal concentrations of microplastics that were close to nanometer size significantly impaired the overall vitality of rotifers,embodied in shortage of body type,delay in the arrival of maturity,reduction in the cumulative number of neonates,and the advance of the death process.In comparison,fair-sized size(0.5 and 6μm)displayed non-significant damage except for individual groups.Most notably,the net reproductive yield was only a third of what it was in the original environment,implying that there was not much fertility left.Besides,with the development of rotifers,the adverse effects of polystyrene microsphere drive had become more and more serious.  相似文献   

寒潮过程和海洋锋面影响南海西北部大气波导演变的个例分析     

石睿  陈举  何云开  隋丹丹  舒业强 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):29-42

文章利用2012年冬季南海西北部的航次探空资料, 研究了寒潮过程和海洋锋面对大气波导特征演变的共同影响。文中观测发现, 航次期间的大气波导以悬空波导为主, 平均波底高度约738.64m, 平均厚度约185.17m, 平均强度10.21M单位。观测前期, 天气形势稳定, 东北季风较弱, 在锋面暖水区一侧的悬空波导较为深厚, 且高度较低。其主要成因是大气边界层顶部925hPa至850hPa高度左右存在深厚的逆温层, 且具有显著的日变化特征。航次中期的寒潮过程导致东北季风大幅增强, 使得大气边界层顶部的逆温层被破坏, 从而导致悬空波导显著变薄变弱。而锋面冷水区一侧, 低水温抑制湍流发展导致大气修正折射率(M)的负梯度扰动较弱, 较难形成稳定且有一定强度的波导层, 且无显著日变化。但当东南暖湿气流覆盖锋面冷水区上空时, 容易形成较稳定的表面波导。  相似文献   

MODIS和Landsat时空融合影像在土壤盐渍化监测中的适用性研究——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例          下载免费PDF全文

赵巧珍  丁建丽  韩礼敬  金晓叶  郝建平 《干旱区地理》2022,45(4):1155-1164

土壤盐渍化的遥感监测依赖于高时空分辨率影像,但受经费预算、卫星回访周期及天气的影响,高时空分辨率的遥感影像较难获取,这就限制了根据采样时间来获取对应时期遥感影像进行土壤盐渍化监测反演的应用。为此,提出融合MODIS和Landsat影像生成高时空分辨率影像来提取土壤盐渍化信息,为时空影像进行土壤盐渍化监测研究提供数据参考。以渭干河—库车河绿洲为研究区,利用增强型时空自适应融合率反射模型（Enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model,ESTARFM）和灵活的时空融合模型（Flexible spatiotemporal data fusion,FSDAF）,对MODIS和Landsat影像进行时空融合,并基于融合影像数据构建了关于土壤电导率（EC）的随机森林（RF）预测模型,对比分析时空融合影像应用于土壤盐渍化遥感监测的适用性。结果表明：ESTARFM融合影像的特征波段反射率与Landsat验证影像对应波段反射率一致性决定系数R²（Red）=0.8066、R²（SWIR2）=0.8444;FSDAF融合影像的特征波段与Landsat验证影像对应波段反射率一致性决定系数R²（Red）=0.6999、R²（SWIR2）=0.7493;基于ESTARFM融合影像构建的EC值预测模型精度最高,R²=0.9268,基于FSDAF融合影像构建的EC值预测模型精度良好,R²=0.8987,基于验证影像构建的EC值预测模型R²=0.9103; ESTARFM模型的融合精度高于FSDAF模型,并且基于融合影像构建的EC值预测模型效果良好。  相似文献   

中国省际虚拟旅游流网络结构的空间演变特征研究     

杨勇  眭霞芸  刘震 《地理科学进展》2022,41(8):1349-1363

虚拟旅游流一定程度上表征了游客需求的地理指向,是分析中国旅游业空间发展格局、推动国内大循环格局形成的重要突破点。论文利用2016—2020年百度指数搜索数据,基于虚拟旅游流流向视角,构建虚拟旅游吸引力与出游潜力指标,结合空间分析工具剖析其空间分布状况;通过虚拟旅游优势度与关联性分析各节点的作用与地位,系统考察虚拟旅游流网络结构的空间演变特征。研究发现：① 从虚拟旅游流空间结构来看,北京、上海及云南为中心地区,三地向外辐射,形成了以京津冀、长三角、云贵川渝地区为核心的虚拟空间结构。② 从虚拟旅游流的极化与扩散效应来看,长三角地区扩散效应显著,而京津冀及其以南地区和云贵川渝地区极化效应显著。其中,京津冀及其以南地区由双核结构转为单核结构;云贵川渝地区内外部联系不断增强,形成了多核心、多层级的强区域内循环结构。③ 基于虚拟旅游流网络结构演变特征分析发现,区域内部循环流动是促进区域内外部旅游均衡发展的有效途径。④ 经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、基础设施建设及时空邻近性等是影响虚拟旅游流网络结构演变的重要因素。  相似文献   

Using the physical decomposition method to study the effects of Arctic factors on wintertime temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere and China     

SUI Cuijuan  ZHANG Zhanhai  CAI Yi  WU Huiding 《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(4)

The physical decomposition method separates atmospheric variables into four parts, correlating each with solar radiation, land–sea distribution, and inter-annual and seasonal internal forcing, strengthening the anomaly signal and increasing the correlation between variables. This method was applied to the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR), to study the effects of Arctic factors(Arctic oscillation(AO) and Arctic polar vortex) on wintertime temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere and China. It was found that AO effects on zonal average temperature disturbance could persist for 1 month. In the AO negative phase in wintertime, the temperatures are lower in the mid–high latitudes than in normal years, but higher in low latitudes. When the polar vortex area is bigger, the zonal average temperature is lower at 50°N. Influenced mainly by meridional circulation enhancement, cold air flows from high to low latitudes; thus, the temperatures in Continental Europe and the North American continent exhibit an antiphase seesaw relationship. When the AO is in negative phase and the Arctic polar vortex larger, the temperature is lower in Siberia, but higher in Greenland and the Bering Strait. Influenced by westerly troughs and ridges, the polar air disperses mainly along the tracks of atmospheric activity centers. The AO index can be considered a predictor of wintertime temperature in China. When the AO is in negative phase or the Asian polar vortex is intensified, temperatures in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia are lower, because under the influence of the Siberia High and northeast cold vortex, the cold air flows southwards.  相似文献   

对包头市九原区温室大棚蔬菜的一些思考     

隋剑利 《内蒙古气象》2014,(6):34-36

文章基于1980—2009年包头市九原区气温和降水数据,分析了温室大棚在此区域的适应性、必要性和作物效益。同时,针对在温室生产过程中存在的问题,提出了应对措施,为包头市九原区温室大棚生产提供了参考。  相似文献   

2012年中国沿海海平面上升显著成因分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王慧  刘克修  范文静  高志刚  张建立  李琰  张增建 《海洋学报》2014,36(5):8-17

2012年,中国沿海海平面变化最突出的特点是海平面升高显著。海平面总体比常年高122mm,较2011年偏高53mm,达1980年以来最高位。本文使用中国沿海及西北太平洋区域近30a的水位、海温、气温、气压和风等水文气象资料,详细分析了中国沿海海平面2012年异常偏高的成因。结果表明:2010-2012年中国沿海海平面处于2~3a、8~9a和准19a周期震荡的高位,几个周期震荡高位叠加,对海平面上升起了明显的影响;2012年,沿海气温和海温分别较常年偏高0.4℃和0.3℃,气压较常年低1.2hPa,气压达历史最低位;2012年,中国南海夏季风爆发时间较常年偏早,结束较常年偏晚,季风持续时间较常年偏长,导致2012年5-6月和8月,在黄海和东海海域,东北风持续偏强,南海海域南风偏强,风场的异常导致黄海、东海和南海沿海海水长时间堆积,是造成海平面升高的原因之一;2012年,热带气旋登陆时间集中,影响范围广,北上和影响东北地区的台风数量均为历史之最,特别是2012年8月,有6个热带气旋相继影响我国沿海,对当月海平面升高影响明显;另外,2012年副热带高压偏北、偏东、偏弱的特点对东海和南海的海平面上升也有一定影响。  相似文献   

Changes in runoff and sediment load from major Chinese rivers to the Pacific Ocean over the period 1955-2010   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cheng LIU  Jueyi SUI  Yun HE  Faye HIRSHFIELD 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):486-495

Changes in runoff and sediment loads to the Pacific Ocean from 10 major Chinese rivers are presented in this paper To quantitatively assess trends in runoff and sediment loads, a parameter called the ＂Trend Ratio T＂ has been defined in this paper. To summarize total runoff and sediment load from these rivers, data from 17 gauging stations for the duration 1955 to 2010 has been standardized, and the missing data have been interpolated by different approaches according to specific conditions. Over the observed 56-year study period, there is a quite stable change in total runoff. Results show that the mean annual runoff flux entering the Pacific Ocean from these rivers is approximately 1,425 billion cubic meters. It is found that all northern rivers within semi-arid and transitional zones including the Songhua, Liaohe, Haihe, Yellow and Huaihe rivers present declining trends in water discharge. Annual runoff in all southern rivers within humid zones including the Yangtze, Qiantang, Minjiang, Pearl and Lancang rivers does not change much, except for the Qiantang River whose annual runoff slightly increases. The annual sediment loads of all rivers show significant declining trends; the exceptions are the Songhua and Lancang rivers whose annual sediment loads have increasing trends. However, the mean annual sediment flux carried into the Pacific Ocean decreased from 2,026 million tonnes to 499 million tonnes over the 56-year period. During this time there were 4 distinct decreasing phases. The decrease in annual sediment flux is due to the integrated effects of human activity and climate change. The reduction in sediment flux makes it easy for reservoir operation; however, the decrease in sediment flux also creates problems, such as channel erosion, river bank collapse and the retreat of the delta area.  相似文献   

珲春煤田骆驼河子区构造特征初步探讨     

李景林  隋明珠  王举  李慧杰 《吉林地质》2012,31(2):58-60

从收集整理勘查资料入手,阐述了区内构造分布特征,总结出地质构造发育的一般规律,即短轴褶曲多为北西向、断层均为北东向正断层,提出了构造形迹形成的机制为局部内应力反弹释放,对今后勘查工作有一定的指导意义。  相似文献