High-Precision Measurements of the Solar Diameter and Oblateness by the Solar Disk Sextant (SDS) Experiment     

A. Egidi  B. Caccin  S. Sofia  W. Heaps  W. Hoegy  L. Twigg 《Solar physics》2006,235(1-2):407-418

We reduce and analyze, in a uniform way, all of the data obtained by the Solar Disk Sextant (SDS) experiment, concerning high-precision measurements of the solar radius and oblateness, in the bandwidth 590 {–} 670 nm, made onboard stratospheric balloons during a series of flights carried out in 1992, 1994, 1995, and 1996. The measured radius value appears anti-correlated with the level of solar activity, ranging from about 959.5 to 959.7 arcsec. Its variation from year to year is outside the error range, which is mostly due to a systematic diurnal behavior, particularly evident in the 1996 flight. The oblateness shows an analogous temporal behavior, ranging from about (4.3 to 10.3) × 10⁻⁶. We regret that Prof. Caccin died on June 19, 2004.  相似文献   

Ground deformation patterns on Mount Etna, 1992 to 1994, inferred from GPS data     

Giuseppe Puglisi  Alessandro Bonforte  Salvatore Roberto Maugeri 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2001,62(6-7):371-384

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Higher-order Gauss-Bonnet cosmology by Lagrange multipliers     

Salvatore Capozziello  Mauro Francaviglia  Andrey N. Makarenko 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,349(1):603-609

We study cosmological models derived from higher-order Gauss-Bonnet gravity F(R,G) by using the Lagrange multiplier approach without assuming the presence of additional fields with the exception of standard perfect fluid matter. The presence of Lagrange multipliers reduces the number of allowed solutions. We need to introduce compatibility conditions of the FRW equations, which impose strict restrictions on the metric or require the introduction of additional exotic matter. Several classes of F(R,G) models are generated and discussed.  相似文献   

Curvilinear coordinate transformations for relative motion     

David A. Vallado  Salvatore Alfano 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2014,118(3):253-271

Relative motion improvements have traditionally focused on inserting additional force models into existing formulations to achieve greater fidelity, or complex expansions to admit eccentric orbits for propagation. A simpler approach may be numerically integrating the two satellite positions and then converting to a modified equidistant cylindrical frame for comparison in a Hill’s-like frame. Recent works have introduced some approaches for this transformation within the Hill’s construct, and examined the accuracy of the transformation. Still others have introduced transformations as they apply to covariance operations. Each of these has some orbital or force model limitations and defines an approximate circular reference dimension. We develop a precise transformation between the Cartesian and curvilinear frame along the actual satellite orbit and test the results for various orbital classes. The transformation has wide applicability.  相似文献   

Recent disruptions in the timing and intensity of precipitation in Calakmul,Mexico     

Sofia Mardero  Birgit Schmook  Zachary Christman  Sarah E. Metcalfe  Betsab&#; De la Barreda-Bautista 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(1):129-144

This study addresses changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation from 1982 to 2016 from three meteorological stations around Calakmul, Mexico, a landscape balancing biodiversity conservation and smallholder agricultural production. Five methods were used to assess changes in precipitation: the Mann-Kendall test of annual and wet season trends; a fuzzy-logic approach to determine the onset of the rainy season; the Gini Index and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) to evaluate the temporal distribution of precipitation; Simple Precipitation Intensity Index (SDII) to evaluate precipitation intensity; and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to identify the deficit or surplus of rainfall compared with the long-term mean. Overall, rainfall trends in Calakmul over this period indicate a slight increase, though results of the indices (Gini, SDII, PCI) all indicate that rainfall has become more intense and more unevenly distributed throughout the year. There was no significant trend in the onset date of rainfall or the RAI overall, though there were more pronounced crests and troughs from 2004 to 2016. Higher interannual variability and more pronounced rainfall anomalies, both positive and negative, suggest that rainfall in the Calakmul region has become more extreme. This research informs for management and livelihood strategies in the local region and offers insights for analyses of regional patterns of seasonal precipitation events in tropical landscapes worldwide.  相似文献   

Magnetic neutron stars in f(R) gravity     

Artyom V. Astashenok  Salvatore Capozziello  Sergei D. Odintsov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2015,355(2):333-341

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Sedimentary evolution of the Mesozoic continental redbeds using geochemical and mineralogical tools: the case of Upper Triassic to Lowermost Jurassic Monte di Gioiosa mudrocks (Sicily,southern Italy)     

Francesco?PerriEmail author  Salvatore?Critelli  Giovanni?Mongelli  Robert?L.?Cullers 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1569-1587

The continental redbeds from the Internal Domains of the central-western Mediterranean Chains have an important role in the palaeogeographic and palaeotectonic reconstructions of the Alpine circum-Mediterranean orogen evolution since these redbeds mark the Triassic-Jurassic rift-valley stage of Tethyan rifting. The composition and the sedimentary evolution of the Middle Triassic to Lowermost Jurassic continental redbeds of the San Marco d’Alunzio Unit (Peloritani Mountains, Southern Italy), based on mineralogical and chemical analyses, suggests that the studied mudrock sediments share common features with continental redbeds that constitute the Internal Domains of the Alpine Mediterranean Chains. Phyllosilicates are the main components in the mudrocks. The 10 Å-minerals (illite and micas), the I–S mixed layers, and kaolinite are the most abundant phyllosilicates. The amount of illitic layers in I–S mixed layers coupled with the illite crystallinity values (IC) are typical of high degree of diagenesis, corresponding to a lithostatic/tectonic loading of about 4–5 km. The mineralogical assemblage coupled with the A-CN-K plot suggest post-depositional K-enrichments. Palaeoweathering proxies (PIA and CIW) record intense weathering at the source area. Further, the studied sediments are affected by reworking and recycling processes and, as consequence, it is likely these proxies monitor cumulative effect of weathering. The climate in the early Jurassic favoured recycling and weathering occurred under hot, episodically humid climate with a prolonged dry season. The source-area is the low-grade Paleozoic metasedimentary basement. Mafic supply is minor but not negligible as suggested by provenance proxies.  相似文献   

Evidences of landslide earthquake triggering due to self-excitation process   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F. Bozzano  L. Lenti  Salvatore Martino  A. Paciello  G. Scarascia Mugnozza 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(4):861-879

The basin-like setting of stiff bedrock combined with pre-existing landslide masses can contribute to seismic amplifications in a wide frequency range (0–10 Hz) and induce a self-excitation process responsible for earthquake-triggered landsliding. Here, the self-excitation process is proposed to justify the far-field seismic trigger of the Cerda landslide (Sicily, Italy) which was reactivated by the 6th September 2002 Palermo earthquake (M _s = 5.4), about 50 km far from the epicentre. The landslide caused damage to farm houses, roads and aqueducts, close to the village of Cerda, and involved about 40 × 10⁶ m³ of clay shales; the first ground cracks due to the landslide movement formed about 30 min after the main shock. A stress–strain dynamic numerical modelling, performed by FDM code FLAC 5.0, supports the notion that the combination of local geological setting and earthquake frequency content played a fundamental role in the landslide reactivation. Since accelerometric records of the triggering event are not available, dynamic equivalent inputs have been used for the numerical modelling. These inputs can be regarded as representative for the local ground shaking, having a PGA value up to 0.2 m/s², which is the maximum expected in 475 years, according to the Italian seismic hazard maps. A 2D numerical modelling of the seismic wave propagation in the Cerda landslide area was also performed; it pointed out amplification effects due to both the structural setting of the stiff bedrock (at about 1 Hz) and the pre-existing landslide mass (in the range 3–6 Hz). The frequency peaks of the resulting amplification functions (A(f)) fit well the H/V spectral ratios from ambient noise and the H/H spectral ratios to a reference station from earthquake records, obtained by in situ velocimetric measurements. Moreover, the Fourier spectra of earthquake accelerometric records, whose source and magnitude are consistent with the triggering event, show a main peak at about 1 Hz. This frequency value well fits the one amplified by the geological setting of the bedrock in correspondence with the landslide area, which is constituted of marly limestones and characterised by a basin-like geometry.  相似文献   

WAR AND NATURE: The Environmental Consequences of War in a Globalized World. By Jurgen Brauer.     

Salvatore Engel‐DiMáuro 《Geographical review》2011,101(3):464-467

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Restoration of the eutrophic Orbetello lagoon (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): water quality management   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lenzi M  Palmieri R  Porrello S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(12):1540-1548

The Orbetello lagoon (Tyrrhenian coast, Italy) receives treated urban and land based fishfarms wastewater. The development of severe eutrophication imposed the three main activity adoption focuses on (1) macroalgae harvesting; (2) pumping of water from the sea; (3) confining wastewater to phytotreatment ponds. The responses to these interventions were rapid and macroalgal reduction growth and seagrass return were recorded. Since 1999, a new macroalgal development was recorded. The aim of this research was to discover whether the recent macroalgal growth can be attributed to the continuing wastewater influx from the remaining persistent anthropic sources (PAS) or from the sediment nutrient release. A monitoring programme was carried out between August 1999 and July 2000 in order to measure dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewaters entering into the lagoon and in central lagoon areas, seaweed and seagrass distribution and lagoon N, P annual budgets. The results showed higher N and P values close to PAS. The distribution of the macroalgal species confirms that the available P comes almost entirely from these remaining PAS. In conclusion, the environmental measures adopted produced a significant reduction in algal biomass development in the lagoon; the macroalgal harvesting activities produced a sediment disturbance with following oxidize conditions, which make P unavailable in the lagoon water, excepting close the PAS.  相似文献