Spectral analysis of wind and temperature components during lightning in pre-monsoon season over Ranchi     

Arun K. Dwivedi  Sagarika Chandra  Manoj Kumar  Sanjay Kumar  N. V. P. Kiran Kumar 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2015,127(1):95-105

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A geo-information system approach for forest fire likelihood based on causative and anti-causative factors     

Sanjay K. Srivastava  Sameer Saran  Rolf A. de By  V. K. Dadhwal 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(3):427-454

Innumerable forest fire spread models exist for taking a decision, but far less focus is on the real causative factors which initiate/ignite fire in an area. It has been observed that the majority of the forest fires in India are initiated due to anthropogenic factors. In this study, we develop a geo-information system approach for management of forest fire in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India, with the objective to develop a forest fire likelihood model, integrating GIS and knowledge-based approach for predicting fire-sensitive initiation areas considering major causative and anti-causative factors. Amongst the various causative factors investigated, it was found that wildlife-dependent factor (antler collection and poaching) contributed significantly to fire occurrence followed by management-dependent factors (uncontrolled tourism and grazing), with much less influence of demographic factors. Similarly, anti-causative factor (stationing of anti-poaching/ fire camps) was considered as quite significant.

The likelihood model so developed, envisaging various factors and flammability, accounted for different scenarios as a result of pair-wise comparison on an ordinal scale in a knowledge matrix. The inferential statistics computed indicated the robustness of the model and its insensitivity to moderate changes. It makes it possible for this forest fire likelihood model to predict and prevent a forest fire in an effective and scientific manner because it can assume forest fire likelihood in real time and present in proper time.  相似文献   

Application of DEM,Remote Sensing and Geomorphic Studies in Identifying a Recent [or perhaps Neogene?] Upwarp in the Dibru River Basin,Assam, India     

Jogendra Nath Sarma  Shukla Acharjee  Chandraditya Gogoi 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(4):507-517

The Dibru river basin of Assam is investigated to examine the influence of active structure by applying an integrated study on geomorphology, morphotectonics, subsurface structure, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using topographic map, IRS 1D LISS III, IRS P6 LISS III, SRTM, seismic and subsurface data. Seismic data reveals existence of an upwarp and an important fault in the basement around the central and eastern parts of the Dibru basin, respectively. The influence of these structures is well observed on all the younger formations inferring their active nature possibly till the Recent Period. Existence of fluvial anomalies, viz. annular drainage pattern, lineaments, abrupt changes in the direction of river course, beheaded stream and valley incision infer role of structural control on the fluvial features of this basin. Most commonly used indices for morphotectonic analysis, viz. basin elongation ratio (Re), transverse topographic symmetry (T), asymmetric factor (AF), valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf) have been used to identify the evidences of active structures in the area. The values of Re indicated tectonically active, T indicated an asymmetric nature, AF indicated tilting and Vf indicated active incision in the Dibru basin. The DEM, profiles across the valley and superimposed longitudinal profiles of incised channel bed and valley shoulder of the Dibru clearly reveal valley incision by the river. Three large paleochannels located in different parts of the basin had their headwaters towards east at the common source, i.e. the Diyun river. These paleochannels had been resulted when their headwaters avulsed to create new rivers due to affect of the subsurface structures during Recent (or perhaps Neogene?) Period.  相似文献   

An emission pathway for stabilization at 6?Wm?2 radiative forcing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toshihiko Masui  Kenichi Matsumoto  Yasuaki Hijioka  Tsuguki Kinoshita  Toru Nozawa  Sawako Ishiwatari  Etsushi Kato  P. R. Shukla  Yoshiki Yamagata  Mikiko Kainuma 《Climatic change》2011,109(1-2):59-76

Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 (RCP6) is a pathway that describes trends in long-term, global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), short-lived species, and land-use/land-cover change leading to a stabilisation of radiative forcing at 6.0 Watts per square meter (Wm^?2) in the year 2100 without exceeding that value in prior years. Simulated with the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM), GHG emissions of RCP6 peak around 2060 and then decline through the rest of the century. The energy intensity improvement rates changes from 0.9% per year to 1.5% per year around 2060. Emissions are assumed to be reduced cost-effectively in any period through a global market for emissions permits. The exchange of CO₂ between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem through photosynthesis and respiration are estimated with the ecosystem model. The regional emissions, except CO₂ and N₂O, are downscaled to facilitate transfer to climate models.  相似文献   

Influence of sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer. Part I: an observational study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Laura Feudale  Jagadish Shukla 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(9-10):1691-1703

The heat wave affecting Europe during summer of 2003 is analyzed in detail with observational and reanalysis data. Surface, middle and upper troposphere analysis reveal particular circulation patterns related to an atmospheric blocking condition. In general seasonal anomalies, like this intense heat wave, are strongly related to boundary conditions. Composites and empirical orthogonal functions analysis provide evidence for an organized structure in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly field: high SSTs in the Mediterranean basin, the North Sea and further north toward the Arctic Circle were observed mainly in the months of June and August. The outcome of this analysis on observational data shows the SST as one of the possible factors in enhancing the heat wave in the European area.  相似文献   

Winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains: mapping and modelling using remote sensing and GIS   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Arun K. Saraf  Ajoy K. Bora  Josodhir Das  Vineeta Rawat  Kanika Sharma  Sanjay K. Jain 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):199-220

Almost every year in the winter months (December–February), the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain south of the Himalaya is affected by dense fog. This fog is considered as radiational fog, and sometime it becomes smog (when it mixes with smoke). The typical meteorological, topographic and increasing pollution conditions over the Indo-Gangetic Plain are perhaps the common contributing factors for fog formation. In the present study, the North Indian fog has been successfully mapped and analysed using NOAA-AVHRR satellite data. In the winter seasons of 2005–06, 2006–07 and 2007–08, the fog-affected area has been found to cover about 575,800 km², 594,100 km² and 478,000 km², respectively. Less fog in 2007–08 may be the consequence of high fluctuations in the meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity and wind speed as related to the prevailing synoptic regime for that season. The dissipation and migration pattern of fog in the study area has also been interpreted on the basis of the analysis of both meteorological and satellite data. Further analysis of the fog-affected area allowed identifying more fog-prone regions. Analysis of past fog-affected days and corresponding meteorological conditions enabled us to identify favourable conditions for fog formation viz. air temperature 3–13°C, relative humidity >87%, wind speed <2 m/s and elevation <300 m. Based on the observations of past fog formation and corresponding governing parameters, fog for few selected days could be predicted in hind-sight and later verified with NOAA images.  相似文献   

Nonlinear properties of electron acoustic wave turbulence in the geomagnetic tail     

R. Bharuthram  P. K. Shukla 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,149(1):127-140

The nonlinear properties of electron acoustic waves in a magnetized plasma consisting of hot electrons, hot ions, and cold electrons are investigated. Using a fluid-guiding center model for the cold electrons and Boltzmann distributions for the hot species, a set of nonlinear mode-coupling equations is derived. Monopole and dipole-vortex solutions are shown to exist for the system of nonlinear equations. Spectrum cascade by mode-coupling in the electron acoustic wave turbulence is investigated. Relevance of our investigation to broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) in the geomagnetic tail is discussed.  相似文献   

Massive Compact Halo Objects from the relics of the cosmic quark–hadron transition     

Shibaji Banerjee  Abhijit Bhattacharyya  Sanjay K. Ghosh  Sibaji Raha  Bikash Sinha  Hiroshi Toki 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,340(1):284-288

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Alfvén wave heating and acceleration of plasmas in the solar transition region producing jet-like eruptive activity     

Whitelam  S.  Ashbourn  J.M.A.  Bingham  R.  Shukla  P.K.  Spicer  D.S. 《Solar physics》2002,211(1-2):199-219

We present an analysis of observations and theory of selected transition-region phenomena, concentrating on small scale jet-like structures known as spicules and macrospicules. We examine a number of mechanisms that may be responsible for their formation and conclude that Alfvén waves could provide the necessary acceleration through the ponderomotive force and dissipation for heating forming a beam or jet like structure. In applying the Alfvén wave model we make no fundamental distinction between spicules and macrospicules. In this respect we consider them to be manifestations of the same phenomenon on different scales. We predict that the most effective Alfvén waves have frequencies around 1 Hz and amplitudes of 1 V m^–1. The resulting plasma jet sets up plasma conditions suitable for creating rotating structures which are also observed.  相似文献   

Two-Fluid Bianchi Type II Cosmological Models     

D.N. Pant  Sanjay Oli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(3):623-631

In this paper we present a class of solutions of Einstein's field equations describing two-fluid models of the universe in a locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type II space-time. In these models one fluid is the radiation distribution which represents the cosmic microwave background and the other fluid is the perfect fluid representing the matter content of the universe. It is found that both the fluids are comoving in the locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type II space-time. The behaviour of the radiation density, matter density, the ratio of the matter density to the radiation density and the pressure has been discussed. A subclass of solutions is found to describe models of a spatially homogeneous and partially isotropic universe evolving from a radiation dominated era to a pressure free matter dominated era. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献