Modelling flood events with a cumulant CO lattice Boltzmann shallow water model     

Venturi  Sara  Di Francesco  Silvia  Geier  Martin  Manciola  Piergiorgio 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(2):1815-1834

Natural Hazards - In this work the development of a semiautomatic procedure based on the coupled use of a GIS subroutine and a two-dimensional hydraulic lattice Boltzmann model solving the shallow...  相似文献   

The Structure of The Earth’s Crust in the Pre-Caspian Region According to Seismogravity Data     

Issagaliyeva  Aigul  Istekova  Sara  Uzbekov  Nursarsen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(11):5411-5424

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The purpose of the article is to construct petrodensity and structural velocity models of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle based on the...  相似文献   

Social vulnerability and participation in disaster recovery decisions: public housing in Galveston after Hurricane Ike     

Hamideh  Sara  Rongerude  Jane 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(3):1629-1648

Natural Hazards - In September 2008, Hurricane Ike caused massive damages to Galveston Island’s residential structures including four public housing developments. These developments were...  相似文献   

Shoreline erosion: a cautionary note in using small farm dams to determine catchment erosion rates     

Sara D. Lloyd  Paul Bishop  Ivars Reinfelds 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(10):905-912

Data from 10 small farm dams in SE Australia show that shoreline erosion due to farm livestock access to the dams can account for a significant proportion (up to 85%) of sediment contained in the dam. The volumes of sediment resulting from such shoreline erosion may be of the same order as the volumes produced by gully erosion in the dams' catchments, prompting caution in using farm dams to which livestock have access to determine small catchment erosion rates. Other issues, related to the trap efficiency, also mean that erosion estimates based on farm dam sedimentation should be treated with caution. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Wildfire impacts on schools and hospitals following the 2018 California Camp Fire     

Schulze  Stefanie S.  Fischer  Erica C.  Hamideh  Sara  Mahmoud  Hussam 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):901-925

Natural Hazards - Wildfire impacts on communities have become more pronounced in recent years as the intensity and frequency of wildfires have increased in densely populated areas of the...  相似文献   

Modelling intra-dependencies to assess road network resilience to natural hazards     

Der Sarkissian  Rita  Abdallah  Chadi  Zaninetti  Jean-Marc  Najem  Sara 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(1):121-137

Natural Hazards - Estimating the resilience of a road network (one of the essential critical infrastructures in times of crisis) to natural hazards is crucial in achieving the goals of disaster...  相似文献   

Erosional unloading,hillslope geometry,and the height of the Cascade Range,Washington State,USA     

Sara Mitchell  David Montgomery  Harvey Greenberg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(8):1108-1120

Peaks in the Cascade Range in northern Washington State are on average ～800 m higher than in southern Washington. The influences of differential valley excavation and variations in hillslope length and average slope on these altitudinal trends were tested using a 3‐dimensional model for isostatic rock uplift and calculations of hillslope length and slope respectively. The magnitude of isostatic peak uplift calculated by the model is highly dependent on the flexural rigidity (D) and the related effective elastic thickness (T_e) of the crust of this region. Crustal rigidity was constrained using published estimates and by estimating the depth of the seismogenic zone in the area (D > 1 × 10²³ Nm and T_e > 24 km). With these constraints, isostatic compensation due to differential erosion added < 700 m and 300 m, or < 25% overall, of height to peaks in the northern and southern Cascades, respectively. Deeper valley incision in the northern Cascades accounts for < 300 m of the 800 m difference in peak altitudes between north and south. Similarly, variation in valley spacing and slope account for < 350 m of the difference in mean altitude between northern and southern regions. Hence, at least several hundred m difference in altitude between the northern and southern regions of the Cascades in Washington must be due to tectonic, geologic, or geophysical factors rather than surficial and geomorphic effects like isostatic response to valley incision and hillslope geometry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2D site response analysis of a cultural heritage: the case study of the site of Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica (L’Aquila,Italy)     

Sara Amoroso  Iolanda Gaudiosi  Marco Tallini  Giuseppe Di Giulio  Giuliano Milana 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(10):4443-4466

The Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica is an important cultural heritage site and exemplifies Romanesque-Gothic art in the Abruzzo region (central Italy). Erected in the second half of the XII century, the Basilica was severely damaged during the April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (M_W 6.1). In particular, the area of the transept collapsed causing the dome to fall. A refined two-dimensional (2D) geotechnical model was built representing a section that includes the Basilica, in order to better understand the soil response of the Basilica site. The subsoil model was constrained using the geophysical and geotechnical data collected from the seismic microzonation studies, the reconstruction of private damaged buildings and other technical and scientific studies realized in the L’Aquila basin and in the area of the Basilica before and after L’Aquila earthquake. 2D site response analyses were performed to verify the presence of local site effects by comparing simulated versus experimental transfer functions. Moreover, a frequency–wavenumber (f–k) analysis was executed with the aim of evaluating the occurrence of surface waves generated within the basin. 2D seismic effects involve significant amplification in the period range of engineering interest, therein providing an appropriate elastic response spectrum for the restoration of the Basilica.  相似文献   

Restoring a glacier-fed river: Past and present morphodynamics of a degraded channel in the Italian Alps     

Vittoria Scorpio  Andrea Andreoli  Mattia Zaramella  Sara Moritsch  Joshua Theule  Andrea Dell'Agnese  Susanne Muhar  Marco Borga  Walter Bertoldi  Francesco Comiti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(12):2804-2823

The present study explores the evolutionary trajectory of the glacier-fed Mareit River (South Tyrol, Italian Alps), where a large restoration programme was implemented in 2008–2009. River corridor changes before and after the restoration works were assessed using historical maps, recent field observations, topographic surveys and topographic differencing. Trends of anthropic (forest cover, channel works, gravel mining) and natural (glacial cover, precipitation, flow regime) factors controlling channel morphology – at both catchment and reach scales – were reconstructed. From the mid-19th century, the evolutionary trajectory of the Mareit River followed a degradational trend, characterized by channel narrowing, bed incision and planform simplification. Direct, in-channel human alterations – mainly in the form of bank protections (in the late 19th century), gravel mining (mostly in the 1970s) and grade-control works (since the 1980s) – dominated the historical adjustments before the restoration. In 2008–2009, a segment of the Mareit was restored by widening the channel, partly removing the check-dams and shaping a braided pattern within a laterally constrained corridor. Post-work monitoring shows that the restoration improved both the morphological quality and the geomorphic diversity. At present, the channel is subject to narrowing and slight bed level incision, with islands and floodplains progressively expanding at the expenses of the active channel. This trend is likely to continue in the next decades based on the expected future flow regime, and indeed the Mareit River seems to be attaining a ‘miniaturized’ version of the anabranching pattern of the mid-19th century. Overall, this restoration approach and the associated evolutionary trajectory is considered positive, because it leads to a complex mosaic of geomorphic units, dynamically self-adjusting to the time-varying driving variables. The formation of a morphodynamically active corridor, while keeping artificially non-erodible boundaries, represents an optimal strategy to integrate ecological improvements with flood risk mitigation in the densely populated Alpine valleys. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quality and origin of mountain food products: the new European label as a strategy for sustainable development     

Deborah BENTIVOGLIO  Sara SAVINI  Adele FINCO  Giorgia BUCCI  Emanuele BOSELLI 《山地科学学报》2019,(2)

Mountain farming provides high-quality food products due to the peculiar characteristics of the raw materials combined with traditional processing conditions. However, these products and their intrinsic characteristics are not clearly recognized by consumers on the market. Nowadays, Protected Designation of Origin(PDO), Protected Geographical Indication(PGI) and Traditional Specialities Guaranteed(TSG) certifications include products originating in mountain areas, even if a large part of mountain foodstuff is not protected by these certifications and foods not made in mountain areas are often labeled as ―mountain food products‖. For this reason, the European Union has set a specific Regulation in 2012 to recognize and protect mountain food and to make the consumers safer about the origin information. The objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, it presents the recent aspects related to European legislation of mountain food product; secondly, it aims at reviewing the main features of nutritional quality and technology of dairy and meat products, as the most widespread mountain food products, and the main protocols used to evaluate the authenticity of these food products. The promotion of mountain food product through a specific label and the use of tracing methods, which are able to verify the authenticity of the origin of these products, may play a pivotal role in increasing the consumer‘s loyalty towards these products and could be a way to boost a sustainable development of these economically marginal rural areas. However, the analytical protocols developed so far(stable isotopes, macro and microelements, radionuclides, spectroscopic, molecular techniques, volatile substances profile, terpenes) are in many cases still at the experimental level due to the extreme variability of the mountain origin of the products to be tested.  相似文献