Impact of climate change on potential evapotranspiration under a historical and future climate scenario in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China     

Liu  Qin  Yan  Changrong  Ju  Hui  Garré  Sarah 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(1-2):387-401

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate change is widely accepted to be one of the most critical problems faced by the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3H Plain), which is a region in which there is an...  相似文献   

Characteristics of southern California atmospheric rivers     

Harris  Sarah M.  Carvalho  Leila M. V. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):965-981

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are channels of high water vapor flux that transport moisture from low to higher latitudes on synoptic timescales. In areas of...  相似文献   

Characterizing the Relative Importance Assigned to Physical Variables by Climate Scientists when Assessing Atmospheric Climate Model Fidelity     

Susannah M.BURROWS  Aritra DASGUPTA  Sarah REEHL  Lisa BRAMER  Po-Lun MA  Philip J.RASCH  Yun QIAN 《大气科学进展》2018,35(9):1101-1113

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Extra-tropical atmospheric response to ENSO in the CMIP5 models     

Margaret M. Hurwitz  Natalia Calvo  Chaim I. Garfinkel  Amy H. Butler  Sarah Ineson  Chiara Cagnazzo  Elisa Manzini  Cristina Peña-Ortiz 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(12):3367-3376

The seasonal mean extra-tropical atmospheric response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is assessed in the historical and pre-industrial control CMIP5 simulations. This analysis considers two types of El Niño events, characterized by positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in either the central equatorial Pacific (CP) or eastern equatorial Pacific (EP), as well as EP and CP La Niña events, characterized by negative SST anomalies in the same two regions. Seasonal mean geopotential height anomalies in key regions typify the magnitude and structure of the disruption of the Walker circulation cell in the tropical Pacific, upper tropospheric ENSO teleconnections and the polar stratospheric response. In the CMIP5 ensembles, the magnitude of the Walker cell disruption is correlated with the strength of the mid-latitude responses in the upper troposphere i.e., the North Pacific and South Pacific lows strengthen during El Niño events. The simulated responses to El Niño and La Niña have opposite sign. The seasonal mean extra-tropical, upper tropospheric responses to EP and CP events are indistinguishable. The ENSO responses in the MERRA reanalysis lie within the model scatter of the historical simulations. Similar responses are simulated in the pre-industrial and historical CMIP5 simulations. Overall, there is a weak correlation between the strength of the tropical response to ENSO and the strength of the polar stratospheric response. ENSO-related polar stratospheric variability is best simulated in the “high-top” subset of models with a well-resolved stratosphere.  相似文献   

Longitudinal Social Science Research in Natural Resource Communities: Lessons and Considerations     

Melanie Stidham  Christine Olsen  Eric Toman  Stacey Frederick  Sarah McCaffrey  Bruce Shindler 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(10):1104-1108

The majority of social science research is cross-sectional in nature, with data collected at a single point in time. However, social systems are dynamic and many of the variables of interest to social scientists may change over time. Longitudinal research methods enable data collection at two or more points in time among a population of interest to examine change in measured variables and influencing factors. Despite the opportunities it affords, longitudinal research is relatively uncommon in natural-resource-based social science research as compared to other fields (e.g., medical, criminal, education). We feel that the field of natural resource social science is ripe for a proliferation of longitudinal studies, now that a substantial body of cross-sectional data has been built. In the spirit of encouraging more of this type of research, we draw on our collective experiences in longitudinal studies to share lessons learned in research design, sampling, and data management.  相似文献   

A Framework for Quantitative Assessment of Impacts Related to Energy and Mineral Resource Development     

Seth S. Haines  Jay E. Diffendorfer  Laurie Balistrieri  Byron Berger  Troy Cook  Don DeAngelis  Holly Doremus  Donald L. Gautier  Tanya Gallegos  Margot Gerritsen  Elisabeth Graffy  Sarah Hawkins  Kathleen M. Johnson  Jordan Macknick  Peter McMahon  Tim Modde  Brenda Pierce  John H. Schuenemeyer  Darius Semmens  Benjamin Simon  Jason Taylor  Katie Walton-Day 《Natural Resources Research》2014,23(1):3-17

Natural resource planning at all scales demands methods for assessing the impacts of resource development and use, and in particular it requires standardized methods that yield robust and unbiased results. Building from existing probabilistic methods for assessing the volumes of energy and mineral resources, we provide an algorithm for consistent, reproducible, quantitative assessment of resource development impacts. The approach combines probabilistic input data with Monte Carlo statistical methods to determine probabilistic outputs that convey the uncertainties inherent in the data. For example, one can utilize our algorithm to combine data from a natural gas resource assessment with maps of sage grouse leks and piñon-juniper woodlands in the same area to estimate possible future habitat impacts due to possible future gas development. As another example: one could combine geochemical data and maps of lynx habitat with data from a mineral deposit assessment in the same area to determine possible future mining impacts on water resources and lynx habitat. The approach can be applied to a broad range of positive and negative resource development impacts, such as water quantity or quality, economic benefits, or air quality, limited only by the availability of necessary input data and quantified relationships among geologic resources, development alternatives, and impacts. The framework enables quantitative evaluation of the trade-offs inherent in resource management decision-making, including cumulative impacts, to address societal concerns and policy aspects of resource development.  相似文献   

Mapping ideas from cyberspace to realspace: visualizing the spatial context of keywords from web page search results   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ming-Hsiang Tsou  Ick-Hoi Kim  Sarah Wandersee  Daniel Lusher  Li An  Brian Spitzberg 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2014,7(4):316-335

We introduce a new method for visualizing and analyzing information landscapes of ideas and events posted on public web pages through customized web-search engines and keywords. This research integrates GIScience and web-search engines to track and analyze public web pages and their web contents with associated spatial relationships. Web pages searched by clusters of keywords were mapped with real-world coordinates (by geolocating their Internet Protocol addresses). The resulting maps represent web information landscapes consisting of hundreds of populated web pages searched by selected keywords. By creating a Spatial Web Automatic Reasoning and Mapping System prototype, researchers can visualize the spread of web pages associated with specific keywords, concepts, ideas, or news over time and space. These maps may reveal important spatial relationships and spatial context associated with selected keywords. This approach may provide a new research direction for geographers to study the diffusion of human thought and ideas. A better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the ‘collective thinking of human beings’ over the Internet may help us understand various innovation diffusion processes, human behaviors, and social movements around the world.  相似文献   

Environmental public health applications using remotely sensed data     

Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan  William L. Crosson  Sigrid A. Economou  Maurice G. Estes Jr  Sue M. Estes  Sarah N. Hemmings 《国际地球制图》2014,29(1):85-98

We describe a remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based study that has three objectives: (1) characterize fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), insolation and land surface temperature (LST) using NASA satellite observations, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground-level monitor data and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data products on a national scale; (2) link these data with public health data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) national cohort study to determine whether these environmental risk factors are related to cognitive decline, stroke and other health outcomes and (3) disseminate the environmental datasets and public health linkage analyses to end users for decision-making through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) system. This study directly addresses a public health focus of the NASA Applied Sciences Program, utilization of Earth Sciences products, by addressing issues of environmental health to enhance public health decision-making.  相似文献   

Triggering transformative change: a development path approach to climate change response in communities     

Sarah Burch  Alison Shaw  Ann Dale  John Robinson 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):467-487

While climate change action plans are becoming more common, it is still unclear whether communities have the capacity, tools, and targets in place to trigger the transformative levels of change required to build fundamentally low-carbon, resilient, healthy communities. Evidence increasingly supports the finding that this transformation is not triggered by climate policy alone, but rather is shaped by a broad array of decisions and practices that are rooted in underlying patterns of development. Even so, these findings have rarely penetrated the domain of practice, which often remains squarely focused on a relatively narrow set of climate-specific policies. This article builds a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of community-level development path transformations that may both dramatically reduce GHG emissions and significantly enhance community resilience. This framework illuminates eight critical enablers of innovation on climate change, each of which is illustrated by compelling examples of community-level experimentation on climate change across the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is concluded that community-based climate (or sustainability) policy might be more likely to trigger development path shifts if it employs a longer time horizon, recognition of adaptability and feedbacks, integrated decision making, and systems thinking.  相似文献   

Do asymmetries in ENSO predictability arise from different recharged states?     

Larson  Sarah M.  Pegion  Kathy 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(3):1507-1522

Climate Dynamics - Prospects for El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability at long lead-times lie in the subsurface oceanic memory along the equatorial Pacific. Long considered...  相似文献