Simultaneous Analysis of Natural Free Estrogens and Their Conjugates in Wastewater by GC‐MS     

Ze‐Hua Liu  Takeshi Hashimoto  Yoichi Okumura  Yoshinori Kanjo  Satoshi Mizutani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(2):181-188

A solid‐phase extraction (SPE)‐gas chromatography (GC)‐mass spectrometry (MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of natural free estrogens and their conjugates in wastewater samples. Natural free estrogens and their conjugates in wastewater were successfully separated by the oasis hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB SPE) method, and the conjugates were initially enzyme hydrolyzed by β‐glucuronidase or arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia prior to derivatization. N‐methyl‐N‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) plus 1% tert‐butyldimetheylchlorosilane (TBDMCS) was chosen as the derivatization reagent, and the most appropriate conditions of derivatization were determined to be at 95°C for 90 min. The recovery ratios of nine target chemicals were determined by spiking them in 1 L of ultra‐purified water or the influent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The recovery ratios of six out of nine for the analytes ranged from 73.3–114.9% with relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.6–19.9%. The established method was successfully applied to environmental wastewater samples which were collected from one municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Osaka, Japan, for the determination of natural free estrogens and their conjugates. In the influent sample, E1, E2, E1‐3S, E3‐3S, and E1‐3G were detected at concentrations of 16.6, 9.6, 8.2, 21.9, and 3.2 ng L^–1, respectively. However, only E1 was detected at a high concentration of 44 ng L^–1 in the effluent sample, suggesting that it is the dominant natural free estrogen in the effluent.  相似文献   

Holocene estuarine sediments as a source of arsenic in Pleistocene groundwater in suburbs of Hanoi,Vietnam     

Keisuke Kuroda  Takeshi Hayashi  Ayako Funabiki  An Thuan Do  Vu Duc Canh  Tran Thi Viet Nga  Satoshi Takizawa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(4):1137-1152

Groundwater pollution by arsenic is a major health threat in suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. The present study evaluates the effect of the sedimentary environments of the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, and the recharge systems, on the groundwater arsenic pollution in Hanoi suburbs distant from the Red River. At two study sites (Linh Dam and Tai Mo communes), undisturbed soil cores identified a Pleistocene confined aquifer (PCA) and Holocene unconfined aquifer (HUA) as major aquifers, and Holocene estuarine and deltaic sediments as an aquitard layer between the two aquifers. The Holocene estuarine sediments (approximately 25–40 m depth, 9.6–4.8 cal ka BP) contained notably high concentrations of arsenic and organic matter, both likely to have been accumulated by mangroves during the Holocene sea-level highstand. The pore waters in these particular sediments exhibited elevated levels of arsenic and dissolved organic carbon. Arsenic in groundwater was higher in the PCA (25–94 μg/L) than in the HUA (5.2–42 μg/L), in both the monitoring wells and neighboring household tubewells. Elevated arsenic concentration in the PCA groundwater was likely due to vertical infiltration through the arsenic-rich and organic-matter-rich overlying Holocene estuarine sediments, caused by massive groundwater abstraction from the PCA. Countermeasures to prevent arsenic pollution of the PCA groundwater may include seeking alternative water resources, reducing water consumption, and/or appropriate choice of aquifers for groundwater supply.  相似文献   

Relativistic corrections to the multiple scattering effect on the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect in the isotropic approximation     

Naoki Itoh  Youhei Kawana  Satoshi Nozawa  Yasuharu Kohyama 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,327(2):567-576

We extend the formalism for the calculation of the relativistic corrections to the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect for clusters of galaxies and include the multiple scattering effects in the isotropic approximation. We present the results of the calculations by the Fokker–Planck expansion method as well as by the direct numerical integration of the collision term of the Boltzmann equation. The multiple scattering contribution is found to be very small compared with the single scattering contribution. For high-temperature galaxy clusters of     the ratio of both the contributions is −0.2 per cent in the Wien region. In the Rayleigh–Jeans region the ratio is −0.03 per cent. Therefore the multiple scattering contribution is safely neglected for the observed galaxy clusters.  相似文献   

Shear-wave splitting observed above small earthquakes in a geothermal area of Japan     

Satoshi Kaneshima  Hisao Ito  Mitsuhiko Sugihara 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,94(3):399-411

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Two-dimensional coda Q structure beneath Tohoku, NE Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Satoshi Matsumoto  Akira Hasegawa 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,99(1):101-108

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Formation of Distinct Granitic Magma Batches by Partial Melting of Hybrid Lower Crust in the Izu Arc Collision Zone, Central Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saito  Satoshi; Arima  Makoto; Nakajima  Takashi; Misawa  Keiji; Kimura  Jun-Ichi 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(9):1761-1791

The Miocene Kofu Granitic Complex (KGC) occurs in the Izu CollisionZone where the Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) arc has beencolliding with the Honshu arc since the middle Miocene. TheKGC includes rocks ranging in compositions from biotite-bearinggranite (the Shosenkyo and Mizugaki plutons), and hornblende–biotite-bearinggranodiorite, tonalite, quartz-diorite, and granite (the Shiodaira,Sanpo, Hirose and Sasago plutons), to hornblende-bearing tonaliteand trondhjemite (the Ashigawa–Tonogi pluton), indicatingthat it was constructed from multiple intrusions of magma withdifferent bulk chemistry. The Sr-isotopic compositions correctedto sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zirconages (SrI) suggest that the primary magmas of each pluton wereformed by anatexis of mixed lower crustal sources involvingboth juvenile basalt of the IBM arc and Shimanto sedimentaryrocks of the Honshu arc. After the primary magmas had formed,the individual plutons evolved by crystal fractionation processeswithout significant crustal assimilation or additional mantlecontribution. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages in the KGC rangefrom 16·8 to 10·6 Ma and overlap the resumptionof magmatic activity in the IBM and Honshu arcs at c. 17 Maand the onset of IBM arc–Honshu arc collision at c. 15Ma. The age of the granite plutons is closely related to theepisodic activity of arc magmatism and distinct granitic magmabatches could be formed by lower crustal anatexis induced byintrusion of underplated mantle-derived arc magmas. Based onpressures determined with the Al-in-hornblende geobarometer,the KGC magmas intruded into the middle crust. Thus, the KGCcould represent an example of the middle-crust layer indicatedthroughout the IBM arc by 6·0–6·5 km/s seismicvelocities. This granitic middle-crust layer acted buoyantlyduring the IBM arc–Honshu arc collision, leading to accretionof buoyant IBM arc middle crust to the Honshu arc. KEY WORDS: arc–arc collision; crustal anatexis; granite; Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) arc; Izu Collision Zone  相似文献   

Characteristics of alkenone distributions in suspended and sinking particles in the northwestern North Pacific     

Naomi Harada  Miyako Sato  Aya Shiraishi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(8):2045-2062

We investigated alkenones recorded in suspended particles and a settling particle time series collected at three stations, 40N (40°N, 165°E), KNOT (44°N, 155°E), and 50N (50°N, 165°E), in the northwestern North Pacific from December 1997 to May 1999. Emiliania huxleyi, the most abundant alkenone producer in this area, is present in surface to subsurface (to ∼50 m depth) waters. The alkenone concentrations recorded in the suspended particles indicated that the seasonal alkenone particle distribution differed significantly interannually. Alkenone export fluxes at the three sediment-trap stations ranged from 0.16 to 49.3 μg m⁻² day⁻¹, and the maximum export flux, which occurred in summer to fall (July-November), was associated with a high organic carbon export flux. The amount of alkenone produced during the maximum export season accounted for 60-80% of the total annual amount of alkenone, and the alkenones accumulated in the sediment below the traps had characteristics corresponding to subsurface waters during the summer-autumn season. Alkenone-derived temperatures recorded in suspended particles corresponded to the in situ temperature within ∼2 °C. Although alkenone-derived temperatures corresponded approximately to the temperatures observed in the stratified subsurface waters at the three trap stations during the high-export season, large differences were observed during the low-export (winter-spring) period. For example, the alkenone-derived temperatures observed at stations KNOT and 50N were much higher than the in situ subsurface temperatures reported in the World Ocean Atlas 2001. Relatively large differences between alkenone-derived temperatures and in situ temperatures in the subarctic might be due to (1) a low-light limitation or (2) contributions of allochthonous alkenones in particulate material transported from subtropical areas within a warm-core ring.  相似文献   

Mechanism and future risk of slope instability induced by extreme rainfall event in Izu Oshima Island,Japan     

Towhata  Ikuo  Goto  Satoshi  Goto  Shigeru  Akima  Takeshi  Tanaka  Junya  Uchimura  Taro  Wang  Gonghui  Yamaguchi  Hiroshi  Aoyama  Shogo 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(1):501-530

Natural Hazards - A volcanic slope in Izu Oshima Island in Japan experienced a profound rain-induced disaster in October 2013. Since this slope had been stable for centuries except for minor...  相似文献   

Desorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic contaminants from marine plastic pellets     

Satoshi Endo  Masaki Yuyama  Hideshige Takada 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

This study investigated the desorption behavior of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from marine plastic pellets. Long-term desorption experiments were conducted using field-collected polyethylene (PE) pellets. The results indicate that the desorption kinetics highly depends on the PE-water partition coefficients of PCB congeners. After 128 d of the experiment, the smallest congener considered (CB 8) had desorbed nearly completely (98%), whereas major fractions (90–99%) of highly chlorinated congeners remained in the pellets. An intraparticle diffusion model mostly failed to reproduce the desorption kinetics, whereas an aqueous boundary layer (ABL) diffusion model well approximated the data. The desorption half-lives are estimated to 14 d to 210 years for CB 8 to CB 209 in an actively stirred solution (ABL thickness: 30 μm). Addition of methanol to water enhanced the desorption to a large extent. A need for further work to explore roles of organic matter in facilitating solute transfer is suggested.  相似文献   

Experimental constraints on permeable gas transport in crystalline silicic magmas     

Satoshi Okumura  Michihiko Nakamura  Tsukasa Nakano  Kentaro Uesugi  Akira Tsuchiyama 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,164(3):493-504

The gas and fluid transport in magmas via permeable flow through interconnected bubble networks controls the rate of outgassing from magmas ascending in volcanic conduits and the fluid transport in the mushy boundary layer of magma reservoirs. Hence, clarifying its mechanism and rate is crucial to understanding the explosivity of volcanic eruptions and the evolution and dynamics of a magma reservoir. Recent experimental studies have determined the gas permeabilities in crystal-free rhyolite and basalt. However, no experimental study has investigated the effect of the crystal contents on the permeable gas transport in magmas. In this study, we performed decompression experiments for hydrous rhyolitic melts having crystallinities of 30 and 50 vol% to examine the effect of crystals on the bubble microstructure and gas permeability during magma vesiculation. Size-controlled (100-meshed) corundum crystals were used as an analog of the phenocrysts in silicic magmas. Microstructural analyses using X-ray CT showed that bubbles coalesce and their connectivity increases with a decrease in the final pressure after the decompression, that is, an increase in the vesicularity. As long as the vesicularities of melt part in the crystal-free basis (melt vesicularity) were similar, no clear effect of the crystallinity on the degree of bubble coalescence and connectivity was observed at melt vesicularities <68 vol%. The corundum showed a large contact angle with aqueous fluid as well as plagioclase and alkaline feldspar; this failed to induce the efficient heterogeneous nucleation and coalescence of bubbles on its surface. The gas permeabilities of all the run products were lower than the detection limits of the present analysis (the order of 10⁻¹⁶ m²) at melt vesicularities <68 vol%. These results show that silicic magmas containing 30 and 50 vol% phenocrysts with a large contact angle have low gas permeabilities until the vesicularity becomes large (at least >68 vol%). This result indicates that the permeable fluid transport through a deep volcanic conduit, which has been proposed on the basis of the observations of volcanic gases and natural products, is so slow that other processes, like shear deformation or magma convection, may be needed to explain the observations.  相似文献