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121.
122.
An overview of developments and applications of oceanographic radar networks in Asia and Oceania countries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Satoshi Fujii Malcolm L. Heron Kuh Kim Jian-Wu Lai Sang-Ho Lee Xiangbai Wu Xiongbin Wu Lucy R. Wyatt Wen-Chang Yang 《Ocean Science Journal》2013,48(1):69-97
More than 110 radar stations are in operation at the present time in Asia and Oceania countries, which is nearly half of all the existing radar stations in the world, for purposes related to marine safety, oil spill response, tsunami warning, coastal zone management and understanding of ocean current dynamics, depending mainly on each country’s coastal sea characteristics. This paper introduces the oceanographic radar networks of Australia, China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, presented at the 1st Ocean Radar Conference for Asia (ORCA) held in May 2012, Seoul, Korea, to share information about the radar network developments and operations, knowledge and experiences of data management, and research activity and application of the radar-derived data of neighbouring countries. We hope this overview paper may contribute as the first step to promotion of regional collaborations in the radar observations and data usages and applications in order to efficiently monitor the coastal and marginal sea waters along the western Pacific Ocean periphery. 相似文献
123.
Naoki Uchida Satoshi Yui Satoshi Miura Toru Matsuzawa Akira Hasegawa Yoshinobu Motoya Minoru Kasahara 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):527-533
We analyzed small repeating earthquakes recorded over a 13-year period and GPS data recorded over an 8-month period to estimate interplate quasi-static slip associated with the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (M8.0) and the 2004 off-Kushiro earthquake (M7.1). The repeating-earthquake analysis revealed that the slip rate near the source region of the Tokachi-oki earthquake was relatively low (< 5 cm/year) prior to the earthquake; however, in the last 3 years leading up to the event, a minor acceleration in slip occurred upon the deeper extension of the coseismic slip area of the earthquake. Repeating-earthquake and GPS data indicate that large amounts of afterslip occurred around the rupture area following the earthquake; the afterslip mainly propagated to the east of the coseismic slip area. We also infer that the occurrence of the 2004 off-Kushiro earthquake, located about 100 km northeast of the epicenter of the Tokachi-oki earthquake, was advanced by the afterslip associated with the Tokachi-oki earthquake. 相似文献
124.
An extraordinarily large-scale landslide with a volume of about 200 million m3, a width of about 1,600 m, and a height of about 750 m occurred on 2004 March 26, 13:45 local time, on a steep caldera wall
on the northwest flank of Mt. Bawakaraeng (2,830 m) at the headwater of the Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The debris avalanche extended about 7 km from the headwater and buried the river valley, causing devastating damage. There
are a great many calderas in the world, notably Japan. If a large-scale sector collapse were to occur in a heavily populated
area, it would be a devastating disaster for the people living in the area. The aim of this paper is to outline such a landslide
and explain its mechanism of occurrence. We evaluated the stability of the original slope before the landslide using the limit
equilibrium method and the finite-element-based shear strength reduction method (SSRFEM) with the strength reduction factor.
The limit equilibrium method showed that a rise in the groundwater level caused the landslide. Although the critical slip
surface predicted by the SSRFEM was shallower than that of the actual slip surface, the end positions of the actual and predicted
slip surfaces were almost the same. Moreover, the end position of the critical slip surface before the landslide—the headwater
of the Jeneberang River—was a knick point at which the slope inclination became steeper. SSRFEM analysis may be useful for
evaluating the slope stability of large-scale landslides, because the critical slip surface predicted by it was close to the
actual surface, even though we assumed homogenous conditions without information on the degree of weathering or ground properties.
As the knick point formed at the end of the critical slip surface and is equivalent to the end of the actual slip surface,
we assume such topographic features to be a primary geomorphologic cause of the landslide. 相似文献
125.
The international journal Landslides was initiated in April 2004. It is the core project (IPL-C100) of the International Programme on Landslides, a joint initiative of the International Consortium on Landslides and the United Nations and other global organizations. The aims of Landslides are to promote landslide sciences, technology, and capacity building and strengthen global cooperation for landslide risk reduction within the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. This paper presents an analysis of the first 5 years of Landslides, the study methods employed, the types and major causes of landslides, the number of different contributors per country, and the “times cited” per issue and most frequently cited papers and briefly discusses some of these. Strategies for future development of the journal involve obtaining input and suggestion from researchers and readers worldwide. 相似文献
126.
Satoshi Akagawa 《寒旱区科学》2021,13(2):77-86
Since the 1970's, frozen ground has been developing near the Tokyo Bay area around liquefied natural gas(LNG) inground storage tanks. For disaster prevention purposes, the tanks are constructed below the ground surface. Since the temperature of the liquid stored in the tanks is -162℃ the soil surrounding the tanks freezes. Since this frozen ground has existed for almost half a century, we have permafrost near Tokyo. The development of artificial frozen ground may cause frost heaving, resulting in frost heave forces that may cause structural damage of adjacent LNG in-ground storage tanks.Therefore, the demand for frozen ground engineering increased and consequently we now have advanced technology in this area. Fortunately, we use this engineering technology and artificial ground freezing for civil engineering, especially in big and crowded cities like Tokyo. This paper provides a summary of the testing apparatus, test methods, and assessment methods for frost heaving. 相似文献
127.
Satoshi Hinata 《Solar physics》1983,87(1):95-101
It is shown that the direct current dissipation is very unlikely to be the heat source of the coronal loop, because it accompanies unacceptably high heating rate in the chromospheric portion of the loop. This also suggests that a rather weak current density can supply the heat to a small (R < 107 cm) chromospheric magnetic features. A larger magnetic element may be heated by the direct current dissipation only if the current changes directions within a single element so that the generated magnetic field is sufficiently weak to insure MHD stability. 相似文献
128.
Kenta Kobayashi Satoshi Hirano Takashi Arai Ryuji Ikeda Kentaro Omura Hiroyuki Sano Takashi Sawaguchi Hidemi Tanaka Tomoaki Tomita Naoto Tomida Tatsuo Matsuda Akiko Yamazaki 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):411-421
Abstract Characteristics of deformation and alteration of the 1140 m deep fracture zone of the Nojima Fault are described based on mesoscopic (to the naked eye) and microscopic (by both optical and scanning electron microscopes) observations of the Hirabayashi National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) drill core. Three types of fault rocks; that is, fault breccia, fault gouge and cataclasite, appear in the central part of the fault zone and two types of weakly deformed and/or altered rocks; that is, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite and altered granodiorite, are located in the outside of the central part of the fault zone (damaged zone). Cataclasite appears occasionally in the damaged zone. Six distinct, thin foliated fault gouge zones, which dip to the south-east, appear clearly in the very central part of the fracture zone. Slickenlines plunging to the north-east are observed on the surface of the newest gouge. Based on the observations of XZ thin sections, these slickenlines and the newest gouge have the same kinematics as the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake), which was dextral-reverse slip. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the freeze-dried fault gouge show that a large amount of void space is maintained locally, which might play an important role as a path for fluid migration and the existence of either heterogeneity of pore fluid pressure or strain localization. 相似文献
129.
130.
Ken-Ichi Ishikawa Satoshi Kanisawa Ken-Ichiro Aoki 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1980,8(2-4)
Fluorine contents in about 160 representative Quaternary volcanic rocks and 15 hornblende and biotite phenocrysts in a calc-alkali series in Japan have been determined by a selective ion-electrode method. Tholeiites have the lowest contents and the narrowest range (58–145 ppm), while alkali basalts have the highest contentws and the widest range (301–666 ppm), high-alumina basalts have intermediate values (188–292 ppm). F contents in basalts clearly increase from east to west across the Japanese Islands, as do alkalies, P2O5 REE, U, Th and H2O.The volcanic rocks studied are divided into two groups on the basis of F: (1) witt, increasing % SiO2 or advancing fractionation, F contents show either progressive enrichment; or (2) with increasing fractionation, F contents show rather constant values. The former is produced by fractionation of anhydrous phases from basalt to mafic andesite magmas; the tholeiite series of Nasu volcanic zone (outer zone), northeastern, Japan is a typical example. The latter group is derived through separation of amphibole-bearing phases from basaltic magmas at various depths from upper mantle (about 30 km) to upper crust; the alkali series in southwestern Japan and the calc-alkali series of Chokai volcanic zone (inner zone), northeastern Japan, are examples. 相似文献