高性能计算技术在气象领域的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵立成  沈文海  肖华东  王彬  孙婧  魏敏  李娟  沈瑜 《应用气象学报》2016,27(5):550-558

高性能计算通过应用超级计算机与并行处理技术解决复杂的计算问题,是信息技术发展比较迅猛的领域之一。气象应用始终是高性能计算的重要领域,高性能计算技术有效地解决了高分辨率、高精度气象数值预报模式发展限制,在气象预报预测业务中发挥着核心支撑作用。数十年以来,由于数值天气模式研究和业务运行对计算资源的强烈需求,国内外气象领域高性能计算机及应用迅速发展起来。气象领域对高性能计算能力及系统的可靠性需求日益提升。高性能计算技术将与气象预报应用日益融合,相互影响促进,不断创新发展。为满足气象预报预测业务和科研工作需求,中国气象部门将进一步提升高性能计算能力,并致力于优化集约高性能计算系统布局,高效管理计算资源,发挥最大效益。  相似文献   

闽西北5月雨量特多年份环流特征及其成因分析     

章达华  张家斌  邝美清  沈永生  卜银军  吴姗 《气象科技》2016,44(1):61-66

利用闽西北三明市的11个县、市1961—2014年5月降雨量资料、常规气象观测资料和NCEP 2.5×2.5°再分析资料等对闽西北历史上5月雨量特多年的降雨量时空分布特征和大气环流特征及其成因进行了分析,结果表明:5月区域性、全区性雨量特多年的环流异常特征是500hPa欧亚中高纬度自西向东环流呈"+-+"的波列分布,鄂霍次克海北侧高度正距平区的稳定少动,起到阻挡冷空气东移的作用,冷空气沿乌拉尔山西侧高度正距平中心前的偏北气流不断南下,使萨彦岭一带高度负距平中心加强,其底部不断分裂小槽东移影响闽西北。925hPa华南北部维持一条稳定切变线;对于2014年5月特例的环流形势分析结果可知,500hPa东亚大槽明显偏东,引导冷空气南下与强大副高西北侧西南暖湿气流交绥在闽西北上空。925hPa闽西北处于气旋式辐合区内。北支槽、南支槽均非常活跃,东移影响闽西北,是导致该地5月区域性降雨量特多的主要原因。  相似文献   

Approach to calculating spatial similarity degrees of the same river basin networks on multi-scale maps     

Haowen Yan  Yuzhong Shen  Jonathan Li 《国际地球制图》2016,31(7):765-782

Obtaining spatial similarity degrees among the same objects on multi-scale maps is of importance in map generalization. This paper firstly defines the concepts of ‘map scale change’ and ‘spatial similarity degree’; then it proposes a model for calculating the spatial similarity degree between a river basin network at one scale and its generalized version at another scale. After this, it validates the new model and gets 16 points in the model validation process. The x-coordinate and y-coordinate of each point are map scale change and spatial similarity degree, respectively. Last, a formula for calculating spatial similarity degree taking map scale change as the only variable is obtained by the curve fitting method. The formula along with the model can be used to automate the algorithms for simplifying river basin networks.  相似文献   

Two Methods for Predicting Reliability Index and Critical Probabilistic Slip Surface of Soil Slopes     

Xiao-hui Tan  Xian-en Wang  Xiao-jun Hu  Meng-fen Shen  Na Hu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(5):1283-1292

Two methods of reliability analysis of soil slopes are studied, and the representative flow charts of both methods are illustrated. Method 1 can predict the reliability index and the critical probabilistic slip surface directly and it is computational efficient, but it needs the development of new codes for integrating the reliability analysis code and the slope stability code. Method 2 makes the reliability analysis code call the slope stability analysis code directly, and each code can be considered as an intact part. The main result of Method 2 is the reliability index of soil slope. Combined with the proposed method for locating the critical slip surface, Method 2 can also predict the probabilistic slip surface. Although Method 2 needs much more callings of the subprogram of slope stability analysis code, it needs not the developing of new computer program. Thus, Method 2 is easy to use and can be applied to different reliability analysis methods and slope stability analysis methods.  相似文献   

华北克拉通东部鲁西早白垩纪基性岩墙成因:来自锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘燊  冯彩霞  翟明国  胡瑞忠  赖绍聪  陈俊瑾  颜军 《岩石学报》2016,32(3):629-645

中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i比值(~0.7098),负的ε_Nd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、ε_Hf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(t_DM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。  相似文献   

班公湖—怒江成矿带西段角西独立黑钨矿床的发现及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王立强  范源  王勇  李申  高一鸣 《地球学报》2016,37(6):691-698

角西石英脉型黑钨矿床系班公湖—怒江成矿带西段发现的首个独立黑钨矿床。文章通过对其矿体产出形式、矿化特征、蚀变类型等方面的研究,认为矿床成因类型属与岩浆热液有关的石英脉型黑钨矿。基于矿床现有的激电剖面测量和土壤地球化学剖面结果并结合矿床成因类型分析,笔者认为矿区尚具有一定找矿潜力,尤其云英岩型钨矿体应为下一步找矿工作部署的重点。角西石英脉型黑钨矿的发现将会丰富班公湖—怒江成矿带矿床成矿系列,完善区域成矿规律,拓展区域找矿方向,具有重要的区域成矿学与找矿意义,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater     

Francis H. Chapelle  Yuan Shen  Eric W. Strom  Ronald Benner 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(6):1413-1422

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ultraviolet/visible light absorbance decrease systematically as groundwater moves through the unsaturated zones overlying aquifers and along flowpaths within aquifers. These changes occur over distances of tens of meters (m) implying rapid removal kinetics of the chromophoric DOM that imparts color to groundwater. A one-compartment input-output model was used to derive a differential equation describing the removal of DOM from the dissolved phase due to the combined effects of biodegradation and sorption. The general solution to the equation was parameterized using a 2-year record of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration changes in groundwater at a long-term observation well. Estimated rates of DOC loss were rapid and ranged from 0.093 to 0.21 micromoles per liter per day (μM d^?1), and rate constants for DOC removal ranged from 0.0021 to 0.011 per day (d^?1). Applying these removal rate constants to an advective-dispersion model illustrates substantial depletion of DOC over flow-path distances of 200 m or less and in timeframes of 2 years or less. These results explain the low to moderate DOC concentrations (20–75 μM; 0.26–1 mg L^?1) and ultraviolet absorption coefficient values (a ₂₅₄?<?5 m^?1) observed in groundwater produced from 59 wells tapping eight different aquifer systems of the United States. The nearly uniform optical clarity of groundwater, therefore, results from similarly rapid DOM-removal kinetics exhibited by geologically and hydrologically dissimilar aquifers.  相似文献   

Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Wenyi Yao  Peiqing Xiao  Zhenzhou Shen  Jinhua Wang  Peng Jiao 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(9):1289-1304

The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m³ above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m³ and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil-derived sources of lead in an alpine poor fen in northeast China     

Kun-shan Bao  Ji Shen  Guo-ping Wang  Shurkhuu Tserenpil 《山地科学学报》2016,13(2):255-264

Ombrotrophic bogs are faithful archive of atmospheric metal deposition,but the potential for fens to reconstruct environmental change is often underestimated.In this study,some new data on the Pb depositional history in northeast China were provided using two 210Pb-dated peat sequences from a poor fen in the Fenghuang Mountain of Heilongjiang province.Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil sources were discriminated using a two-step sequential digestion(weak acid leaching to liberate mobile Pb which is often regarded as anthropogenic Pb,especially for recent samples)and a ratio of unsupported 210 Pb and supported 210 Pb with the logic of that the 214 Pb mainly represents the residual detritus(constant throughout the core)and the unsupported 210 Pb arises from atmospheric fallout.A higher 210Pb/214 Pb suggests more contributions from atmospheric deposition to the Pb content in the peat,and a ratio of 10 was defined to indicate the boundary between detritic input and atmospheric deposition.The detritic Pbwas estimated to be 10~(-1)3 mg·kg~(-1),the anthropogenic Pb ranged from 10-80 mg·kg~(-1),and the atmospheric soil-derived Pb ranged from 5 mg·kg~(-1) to 30mg·kg~(-1).The history of anthropogenic Pb pollution over the last 150 years was reconstructed,and the calculated Pb deposition rate(AR Pb) ranged from 5to 56 mg·m-2·yr~(-1).Using Ti as a reliable reference,the enrichment factor of Pb(EF Pb) relative to the upper continental crust was calculated.Both AR Pb and EF Pb increased with time,especially after the foundation of the People's Republic of China.This is consistent with increasing industrialization and coal burning in the last 60 years in northeast China.The present record of anthropogenic Pb deposition was consistent with the previous reports and an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic activities,in contrasts to Europe and North America which have experienced a major environmental cleanup.For the first time,this work estimates atmospheric Pb deposition via a minerotrophic peat core in China.This will enhance the use of peat archives for studies of environmental change.  相似文献   

Effect of benzo[a]pyrene on detoxification and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of marine microalgae     

Chen Shen  Jingjing Miao  Yun Li  Luqing Pan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(2):303-310

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P) on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis.In our study,these two algae were exposed to Ba P for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg~(L-1)(low),3 μg~(L-1)(mid) and 18 μg~(L-1)(high).The activity of detoxification enzymes,ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) increased in P.subcordiformis in all Ba P-treated groups.In I.zhanjiangensis,the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure,and then decreased in the groups treated with mid-and high Ba P.The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased in I.zhanjiangensis in all Ba P-treated groups,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no significant change was observed in P.subcordiformis.The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase(CAT) increased in I.zhanjiangensis and P.subcordiformis in all Ba Ptreated groups.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no change occurred in P.subcordiformis.These results demonstrated that Ba P significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae.The metabolic related enzymes(EROD,GST and CAT) may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of Ba P in marine water.  相似文献