典型贫困山区旅游景点可达性评价方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王莹莹  王英杰  戈大专  李代超  张生瑞  张桐艳  方雷  戚均慧 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(7):957-966

旅游景点的可达性水平不仅可以反映游客到达的方便程度,也用来衡量区域旅游业发展的潜力,而对于贫困山区旅游景点的可达性研究还可为旅游扶贫的开展工作提供理论参考。本文聚焦典型贫困山区,探究交通成本及复杂地形特征对旅游景点可达性的影响。首先,文章通过连接度指数和通达度指数的相关分析,了解研究区旅游网络的整体连通状况;然后,运用累积耗费距离法,分别基于不同等级交通因素和坡度、海拔等地形因素,对研究区旅游景点可达性和县级行政单元整体可达性进行对比分析,并提出了一种综合考虑交通因素和地形因素的可达性评价方法。研究表明：交通因素分析法弱化了水域对于可达性的阻隔作用;地形因素分析法忽视了交通条件对于可达性的影响;而综合考虑不同等级交通因素和复杂地形因素的可达性评价方法,既可有效识别水域对于贫困山区旅游景点可达性的阻隔作用,也体现了交通条件的改善对于自然环境下可达性水平的提升作用。  相似文献   

洱海近50a来沉水植被演替及其主要驱动要素   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

符辉  袁桂香  曹特  钟家有  张霄林  过龙根  张萌  倪乐意  王圣瑞 《湖泊科学》2013,25(6):854-861

依据文献报道的洱海水质、水文(水位)和沉水植被(物种组成、生物量及分布面积)数据,分析了近50年来洱海的水质变化、水位波动情况以及沉水植被的演替过程,探讨了驱动洱海沉水植被演替的主要环境因子.分析表明,洱海沉水植被群落经历了原生、过渡、顶级和衰退等主要阶段;自1980s以来,流域入湖营养盐增加、水质持续下降、藻类生物量逐年升高、沉水植被群落结构简单化和抑藻功能退化等因素是驱动洱海沉水植被演替与分布的原动力,水位大幅波动加速了洱海水生态系统由清水态向浊水态转变,并导致沉水植物大量衰退和某些特有物种消失.因此,在洱海水生态系统的治理以及沉水植被的恢复过程中,应优先考虑降低外源营养盐输入和优化水位调控.  相似文献   

湖泊表层沉积物可溶性有机氮含量及分布特性   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

林素梅  王圣瑞  金相灿  何星存 《湖泊科学》2009,21(5):623-630

选择鄱阳湖、洞庭湖等6个湖泊的15个表层沉积物样品,用1mol/L KCl溶液提取沉积物中的可溶性有机氮(SON),并研究了SON的含量、分布状况及特性.结果表明,所研究的沉积物SON含量变异较大,在17.18-292.31mg/kg之间波动,平均为134.45 mg/kg,占可溶性总氮(TSN)的51.86%,沉积物总氮的7.14%.污染程度重的沉积物中SON含量均较污染程度轻的高,且SON含量与TN、TSN含量呈正相关,即与沉积物氮污染程度呈正相关,分布状况则与湖泊污染程度、人类活动干扰强度等紧密相关,所研究表层湖泊沉积物巾游离氨基酸(FAA)含量处于4.69-42.04mg/kg间,平均为23.27mg/kg,占SON的18.80%,TN的1.24%,FAA与SON含量呈显著正相关,在沉积物中的平均含骨及在SON中的比例均较土壤中高,说明湖泊沉积物SON有较大的易分解组分,SON与沉积物可溶忭无机氮、有机质、CEC等显著相关,因此,SON是湖泊沉积物氮的重要组成部分,对湖泊富营养化具有重要的影响,特别是对污染严重的沉积物而言,更应重视其SON在湖泊氮循环及富营养化中的作用.  相似文献   

Dynamic Response of Double-Sided Loess Slope under Vehicle Load   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LI Peng  YANG Hucheng  SU Shengrui  LIU Xiang 《中国地震研究》2020,34(4):482-495

In order to verify and study the dynamic response law on the double-sided loess slope under the action of the waves generated by automobile traffic, we select a double-sided loess slope from the long section of Anzi Road as the research object. Both field investigations and on-site monitoring processes are conducted, for the purpose of providing robust basis for road protection in these conditions. In detail, vehicle-induced vibration signals are different according to different vehicle types, speeds, as well as positions, and thus are collected, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the signals, the vibration response law and frequency spectrum characteristics of the slope are summarized. The results show that:① The dynamic response of the double-sided loess slope increases as the vehicle load increases, and the strong vibration response area is located in the middle of the side slope; ② When the vehicle load is small, the vibration wave amplification effect is obvious. On the contrary, when the vehicle load is large, the vibration wave amplification effect is weakened; ③ The spectrum distribution of the X-direction wave is single-peak shape, and the dominant frequency is concentrated in 30-50 Hz; the frequency spectrum distribution of the Z-direction wave shows a multi-peak shape, and the dominant frequency is concentrated in 20-180 Hz; ④ The vibration wave propagates in the slope. The frequency change shows little correlation with the type, speed and position of the vehicle, and instead, it is mainly determined by the slope itself. This study reveals the dynamic response on doubled-sided loess slopes and provides both theoretical and practical significance for the road protection in such situations.  相似文献   

穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道动态施工响应规律   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨小永  伍法权  苏生瑞 《工程地质学报》2006,14(3):314-319

复杂地质条件下地下工程围岩稳定性问题,一直是地质工程界备受关注的热门议题。文中针对云南思茅-小勐养高速公路曼歇4号连拱隧道的特殊复杂地质结构,通过数值模拟对穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道施工过程围岩应力场、位移场和塑性区变化规律进行了数值分析,从而有效揭示出施工各阶段围岩应力集中位置和潜在塑性破坏区,不仅为隧道的安全顺利施工提供了预警信息和直接指导,同时为连拱隧道的优化设计提供可靠的理论依据。在穿越古滑坡的浅埋偏压连拱隧道施工中,应高度重视古滑坡的彻底治理和中隔墙的支护加固,从而确保整座连拱隧道的围岩稳定和安全运营。  相似文献   

Effect of organic matter on DOM sorption on lake sediments     

Xiangcan Jin  Shengrui Wang  Haichao Zhao  Xiaoning Zhou  Fengchang Wu 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):391-398

The effect of organic matter on the sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on lake sediments is critical to understanding the fate and transport of contaminants at the sediment–water interface in lake ecosystems. Results indicate that DOM sorption on sediment is largely due to ligand exchange between the DOM and hydroxyl groups, and the amount of DOC sorbed is a linear function of added DOC. With increasing organic matter content the sediment has lower binding strength, higher releasing ability for DOM, and the higher amount of DOM sorbed by sediment naturally. There was no clear difference before and after the sediment was treated with H₂O₂, but the constant b implied that after the sediments were treated DOC release was promoted. Organic matter in the sediment tends to impede the sorption of DOC and results in a remarkable decrease in DOC sorption rates.  相似文献   

ROx Budgets and O3 Formation during Summertime at Xianghe Suburban Site in the North China Plain     

Min XUE  Jianzhong MA  Guiqian TANG  Shengrui TONG  Bo HU  Xinran ZHANG  Xinru LI  Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(7):1209-1222

Photochemical smog characterized by high concentrations of ozone (O3) is a serious air pollution issue in the North China Plain (NCP) region, especially in summer and autumn. For this study, measurements of O3, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous acid (HONO), and a number of key physical parameters were taken at a suburban site, Xianghe, in the NCP region during the summer of 2018 in order to better understand the photochemical processes leading to O3 formation and find an optimal way to control O3 pollution. Here, the radical chemistry and O3 photochemical budget based on measurement data from 1-23 July using a chemical box model is investigated. The daytime (0600-1800 LST) average production rate of the primary radicals referred to as ROx (OH + HO2+ RO2) is 3.9 ppbv h-1. HONO photolysis is the largest primary ROx source (41％). Reaction of NO2 + OH is the largest contributor to radical termination (41％), followed by reactions of RO2 + NO2 (26％). The average diurnal maximum O3 production and loss rates are 32.9 ppbv h-1 and 4.3 ppbv h-1, respectively. Sensitivity tests without the HONO constraint lead to decreases in daytime average primary ROx production by 55％ and O3 photochemical production by 42％, highlighting the importance of accurate HONO measurements when quantifying the ROx budget and O3 photochemical production. Considering heterogeneous reactions of trace gases and radicals on aerosols, aerosol uptake of HO2 contributes 11％ to ROx sink, and the daytime average O3 photochemical production decreases by 14％. The O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity shows that the O3 production at Xianghe during the investigation period is mainly controlled by VOCs.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in sediments of Taihu Lake after the removal of light fraction organic matter   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chunxia Yang  Shengrui Wang  Xiangcan Jin  Fengchang Wu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(7):1437-1446

Mineralization of organic matter (OM) in sediment is crucial for biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lake ecosystem. Light fraction OM (LFOM) is a reactive pool in sediment and is considered as labile fraction contributing to N and P cycling. In our study, the effect of LFOM on the process and characteristics of N and P mineralization in sediments of Taihu Lake were investigated with 77-day waterlogged incubation plus intermittent leaching at 27°C. Sediments from Yuantouzhu (Y) and Gonghu (G) were used, which were removed the LF. Results indicated that the organic nitrogen mineralized ranged from 14.3 to 19.5% of total nitrogen (193.49–378.93 mg kg⁻¹ sediment) and the organic phosphorus mineralized ranged from 5.7 to 7.9% of total phosphorus (19.86–60.65 mg kg⁻¹ sediment). The heavily polluted sediment had a higher mineralization rate and net mineral-N and mineral-P than slightly polluted sediment. LF stimulated the initial amounts of inorganic N and P and also can be the potential source for mineralization. After the LFOM removal, the net mineral-N of Y and G decreased 116.47 mg kg⁻¹ sediment and 48.03 mg kg⁻¹sediment, respectively, and the net mineral-P decreased 2.67 mg kg⁻¹sediment for Y and 4.82 mg kg⁻¹sediment for G. Two models were used to fit the observed mineral-N data vs. incubation days using a non-linear regression procedure: one is the effective cumulated temperature model, a thermodynamic model which assumes that N mineralization is affected by temperature; the other is the single first-order exponential model, which is a dynamic model. Based on root mean square error values for the two models, the effective cumulated temperature model made a better prediction of N mineralization than the other model for all the four treatments. The single first-order exponential model underestimated N mineralization during the first 14 days and the last 21 days, and overestimated it in the other days during the 77-day incubation. This indicated that temperature was the primary factor influencing N mineralization and the amount of mineral-N were correlated significantly with the effective cumulated temperature (T ≥ 15°C) and incubation time when waterlogged incubation plus intermittent leaching was used.  相似文献   

汶川地震后公路边坡崩塌灾害发育规律     

苏生瑞  李松  程强 《山地学报》2012,(3):321-327

震后崩塌是强烈地震造成的震裂山体在后期余震、降雨及重力作用下变形不断发展并再次发生的崩塌。基于对四川省省道S303线映秀-卧龙段震后公路边坡崩塌灾害的调查,通过空间分布、崩塌与物质组成、岩性、失稳斜坡坡度、坡高、坡形、坡向和崩塌形成机理的关系等方面的分析,得到了震后崩塌灾害的发育规律:1.震后崩塌分布规律与地震时引发的崩塌的规律一致,即地震时易发生崩塌的地段地震后仍然易发生崩塌。2.按照边坡物质组成,以岩质边坡崩塌占绝大多数,岩土组合体边坡次之;较坚硬岩石中发生的崩塌多而较弱岩石中发生崩塌少,沿线发生崩塌最多的是岩性为闪长岩、辉长岩和变质砂岩等坚硬岩石组成的斜坡。3.失稳斜坡坡度在36°～85°之间,主要分布在41°～60°之间,即震后崩塌灾害主要发生在40°以上的斜坡。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡坡度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在坡度为46°～60°的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在坡度为41°～55°的斜坡。4.绝大多数崩塌发生在坡高150 m以内的斜坡上,映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡高度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在高度为51～350 m的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在高度<200 m的斜坡,尤以高度<100 m的最多。5.阳坡和阴坡的崩塌数量有明显的差异,阳坡发生崩塌的数量远远大于阴坡崩塌发生的数量。6.震后边坡崩塌的形成机理以滑移式崩塌和倾倒式为主。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段地处不同地质构造单元,由于岩性的差异,发生崩塌的斜坡的坡度、高度和主要形成机理具有差异性。  相似文献   

河口区水体中元素的平衡(Ⅱ)——元素的平衡、转移和非保守元素的有效通量     

于圣睿  孙秉一 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(1)

本文采用作者在文献(1)中提出的一维数学模式,讨论了河口区“纯”河水端元素浓度小于或大于“纯”海水端浓度的两种情况下,混合水中保守元素和非保守元素的平衡和转移问题;提出了河口区混合水中非保守元素有效浓度的概念;研究了河口区物质的转移量及河流向海洋中输送物质的有效通量的计算问题。  相似文献