Geohazards Monitoring in Roma from InSAR and In Situ Data: Outcomes of the PanGeo Project   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valerio Comerci  Eutizio Vittori  Carlo Cipolloni  Pio Di Manna  Luca Guerrieri  Stefania Nisio  Claudio Succhiarelli  Maria Ciuffreda  Erika Bertoletti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(11):2997-3028

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Remote Sensing-Derived Water Extent and Level to Constrain Hydraulic Flood Forecasting Models: Opportunities and Challenges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefania Grimaldi  Yuan Li  Valentijn R. N. Pauwels  Jeffrey P. Walker 《Surveys in Geophysics》2016,37(5):977-1034

Accurate, precise and timely forecasts of flood wave arrival time, depth and velocity at each point of the floodplain are essential to reduce damage and save lives. Current computational capabilities support hydraulic models of increasing complexity over extended catchments. Yet a number of sources of uncertainty (e.g., input and boundary conditions, implementation data) may hinder the delivery of accurate predictions. Field gauging data of water levels and discharge have traditionally been used for hydraulic model calibration, validation and real-time constraint. However, the discrete spatial distribution of field data impedes the testing of the model skill at the two-dimensional scale. The increasing availability of spatially distributed remote sensing (RS) observations of flood extent and water level offers the opportunity for a comprehensive analysis of the predictive capability of hydraulic models. The adequate use of the large amount of information offered by RS observations triggers a series of challenging questions on the resolution, accuracy and frequency of acquisition of RS observations; on RS data processing algorithms; and on calibration, validation and data assimilation protocols. This paper presents a review of the availability of RS observations of flood extent and levels, and their use for calibration, validation and real-time constraint of hydraulic flood forecasting models. A number of conclusions and recommendations for future research are drawn with the aim of harmonising the pace of technological developments and their applications.  相似文献   

Modeling groundwater/surface-water interactions in an Alpine valley (the Aosta Plain,NW Italy): the effect of groundwater abstraction on surface-water resources     

Gennaro A. Stefania  Marco Rotiroti  Letizia Fumagalli  Fulvio Simonetto  Pietro Capodaglio  Chiara Zanotti  Tullia Bonomi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):147-162

A groundwater flow model of the Alpine valley aquifer in the Aosta Plain (NW Italy) showed that well pumping can induce river streamflow depletions as a function of well location. Analysis of the water budget showed that ～80% of the water pumped during 2 years by a selected well in the downstream area comes from the baseflow of the main river discharge. Alluvial aquifers hosted in Alpine valleys fall within a particular hydrogeological context where groundwater/surface-water relationships change from upstream to downstream as well as seasonally. A transient groundwater model using MODFLOW2005 and the Streamflow-Routing (SFR2) Package is here presented, aimed at investigating water exchanges between the main regional river (Dora Baltea River, a left-hand tributary of the Po River), its tributaries and the underlying shallow aquifer, which is affected by seasonal oscillations. The three-dimensional distribution of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer was obtained by means of a specific coding system within the database TANGRAM. Both head and flux targets were used to perform the model calibration using PEST. Results showed that the fluctuations of the water table play an important role in groundwater/surface-water interconnections. In upstream areas, groundwater is recharged by water leaking through the riverbed and the well abstraction component of the water budget changes as a function of the hydraulic conditions of the aquifer. In downstream areas, groundwater is drained by the river and most of the water pumped by wells comes from the base flow component of the river discharge.  相似文献   

Al Huwaysah 010: The most reduced brachinite,so far     

Cristian Carli  Anna Barbaro  Mara Murri  Maria Chiara Domeneghetti  Antonio Langone  Enrico Bruschini  Alice Stephant  Matteo Alvaro  Stefania Stefani  Tiberio Cuppone  Martina Casalini  Alessandra Migliorini  Ted L. Roush  Giovanni Pratesi 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(6):855-874

Al Huwaysah 010 is an ungrouped achondrite meteorite, recently referred to as a brachinite-like meteorite. This meteorite, showing a fine-grained assemblage of low-Ca pyroxene and opaque phases, is strongly reduced in comparison to other reduced brachinites. The occurrence of some tiny plates of graphite and oldhamite in this meteorite suggests that a partial melt residue has experienced a further reduction process. Olivine, the most abundant phase, is compositionally homogeneous (Fo_83.3) as well as the clinopyroxene (En_45.5Fs_10.8Wo_43.7) and the plagioclase (Ab_69.5). Orthopyroxene (En_85.4Fs_13.9Wo_0.7) also occurs but only in a fine intergrowth. Other accessory phases are Fe metal grains (Ni-free or Cr-bearing Fe-Ni alloy), troilite, chlorapatite, pentlandite (as inclusions in chromite). The sample shows two different closure temperatures: the highest (≈900°C) is determined via the olivine–chromite intercrystalline geothermometer and the lowest temperature (≈520°C) is determined via the pyroxene-based intracrystalline geothermometer. These temperatures may represent, respectively, the closure temperature associated with the formation and a subsequent impact event excavating the sample from the parental body. The visible to near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of Al Huwaysah 010 exhibit low reflectance, consistent with the presence of darkening components, and weak absorptions indicative of olivine and pyroxene. Comparing the spectral parameters of Al Huwaysah 010 to potential parent bodies characterized by olivine–pyroxene mineralogy, we find that it falls within the field previously attributed to the SIII type asteroids. These results lead us to classify the Al Huwaysah 010 meteorite as the most reduced brachinite, whose VNIR spectral features show strong affinities with those of SIII asteroids.  相似文献   

Simulation of dam-break waves on movable beds using a multi-stage centered scheme     

Stefania EVANGELISTA  Mustafa S.ALTINAKAR  Cristiana DI CRISTO  Angelo LEOPARDI 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(3):269-284

This paper presents the application of the multi-stage first-order centered scheme GMUSTA to solve a two-phase flow model with four equations for simulating dam-break floods without and with sediment transport.Computation of generalized Riemann invariants can be particularly complex and costly in simulating dam-break floods with sediment transport.GMUSTA numerical scheme,which does not require complete knowledge of the eigenstructure of the hyperbolic mathematical model,offers a suitable and attractive option.The quality of the dam-break flood simulations with GMUSTA scheme is verified by comparing the results against laboratory tests and some experimental data available in the literature,on fixed and mobile bed conditions,with different bed materials and flush or stepped bottoms.The numerical results reproduce quite well the experimental evidence,proving that the model is capable of predicting the temporal evolution of the free-surface and the bed.The GMUSTA scheme,which is not only simple to implement but also both accurate and computationally efficient,is proposed as an appropriate tool for integrating non-equilibrium sediment-transport models.  相似文献   

A unified assessment of marine Mediterranean assemblages: a lesson from benthic hydroids          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel M. González‐Duarte  Cesar Megina  Doris De Vito  Cristina Goia Di Camillo  Stefania Puce  Stefano Piraino 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):155-163

Hydroids are important components of the communities of rocky bottom shallow coastal areas. The hydrozoan fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is probably one of most investigated in the world, with lots of faunistic and biogeographical studies. However, quantitative studies using the same sampling methodology and controlled sampling effort have been restricted to areas in the Western and Central Mediterranean. We compared hydroid assemblages in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Gulf of Cádiz to the South Adriatic Sea, following the same sampling and quantification methodology. Our analysis showed the dominant Atlantic character of the assemblages of the Gulf of Cádiz and the South Alboran Sea because of the influence of the inflowing Atlantic waters. Conversely, the hydroid assemblages of the North Alboran Sea were more similar to the assemblages in the Ligurian and in the South Adriatic, and with a number of species ranking between the observed in these two Mediterranean zones. Fourteen species were identified as making the most significant contributions to characterizing the Mediterranean hydroid species pool from a quantitative point of view. These taxa include species previously named as typical components of the Mediterranean hydroid fauna as well as those only recently recorded in the region (Eudendrium moulouyensis) and invaders such as Clytia hummelincki.  相似文献   

Meteorite impacts in the ocean: the danger of tsunamis on the coast of Buenos Aires Province,Argentina     

Perez  Iael  Wörner  Stefania  Dragani  Walter  Bacino  Guido  Medina  Rubén 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2339-2354

Natural Hazards - Comets, meteorites, or asteroids impacting against the Earth are not unusual events. Such impacts on the ocean could produce tsunamis which can reach coastal areas. This paper...  相似文献   

New coring study in Augusta Bay expands understanding of offshore tsunami deposits (Eastern Sicily,Italy)     

Alessandra Smedile  Flavia Molisso  Catherine Chagué  Marina Iorio  Paolo Marco De Martini  Stefania Pinzi  Philip E. F. Collins  Leonardo Sagnotti  Daniela Pantosti 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1553-1576

Tsunami deposits present an important archive for understanding tsunami histories and dynamics. Most research in this field has focused on onshore preserved remains, while the offshore deposits have received less attention. In 2009, during a coring campaign with the Italian Navy Magnaghi, four 1 m long gravity cores (MG cores) were sampled from the northern part of Augusta Bay, along a transect in 60 to 110 m water depth. These cores were taken in the same area where a core (MS06) was collected in 2007 about 2·3 km offshore Augusta at a water depth of 72 m below sea level. Core MS06 consisted of a 6·7 m long sequence that included 12 anomalous intervals interpreted as the primary effect of tsunami backwash waves in the last 4500 years. In this study, tsunami deposits were identified, based on sedimentology and displaced benthic foraminifera (as for core MS06) reinforced by X-ray fluorescence data. Two erosional surfaces (L1 and L2) were recognized coupled with grain-size increase, abundant Posidonia oceanica seagrass remains and a significant amount of Nubecularia lucifuga, an epiphytic sessile benthic foraminifera considered to be transported from the inner shelf. The occurrence of Ti/Ca and Ti/Sr increments, coinciding with peaks in organic matter (Mo incoherent/coherent) suggests terrestrial run-off coupled with an input of organic matter. The L1 and L2 horizons were attributed to two distinct historical tsunamis (ad 1542 and ad 1693) by indirect age-estimation methods using ²¹⁰Pb profiles and the comparison of Volume Magnetic Susceptibility data between MG cores and MS06 cores. One most recent bioturbated horizon (Bh), despite not matching the above listed interpretative features, recorded an important palaeoenvironmental change that may correspond to the ad 1908 tsunami. These findings reinforce the value of offshore sediment records as an underutilized resource for the identification of past tsunamis.  相似文献   

Liquefaction triggering in silty sands: effects of non-plastic fines and mixture-packing conditions     

Gobbi  Stefania  Reiffsteck  Philippe  Lenti  Luca  d’Avila  Maria Paola Santisi  Semblat  Jean-François 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(2):391-410

Acta Geotechnica - During recent seismic events, such as 2010 Darfield and 2016 Ecuador earthquakes, widespread liquefaction has been observed in sand deposits with silt content. Nevertheless, the...  相似文献