Remote Sensing of Biologically Reworked Sediments: A Laboratory Experiment     

Annelies De Backer  Stefanie Adam  Jaak Monbaliu  Erik Toorman  Magda Vincx  Steven Degraer 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(6):1121-1129

The present study aims to test the application of remote sensing to address the impact of bioturbation on physical sediment properties. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was developed, using microcosms mimicking a marine intertidal water–sediment interface to test the influence of Corophium volutator densities on sediment properties. Three main variables (water content, clay content, and mean grain size) were measured in three treatments (no Corophium, 5,000 Corophium per square meter, and 20,000 Corophium per square meter) after 16 days of bioturbation. Results obtained with conventional—destructive—techniques showed a significant increase of water content and a significant, but small decrease of clay content in the presence of Corophium. The remote sensing technique detected the impact of Corophium on water content as an increase in absorption at 1,450 nm, but was not able to detect the animal impact on clay content. This study demonstrates that remote sensing data could be significantly modified by bioturbation activities and that remote sensing can be applied in the laboratory to address the impact of bioturbation on sediment properties. This possibly opens new perspectives for long-term experiments concerning the role of bioturbation on sedimentary processes.  相似文献   

Study of the initiation and propagation of excavation damaged zones around openings in argillaceous rock     

Alain Millard  Jobst Maßmann  Amel Rejeb  Shin Uehara 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1325-1335

The study of the creation and evolution of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) in argillaceous rocks is a major issue for the safety of nuclear wastes underground repositories. In this context, the argillaceous Tournemire site has provided a unique opportunity to study the evolution of the EDZ with time thanks to the existence of three openings of different ages. A thorough characterization of the EDZ has been conducted by different means such as visual observation, analysis of samples extracted from drilled boreholes, EDZ permeability measurements, etc. On the basis of these measurements, a conceptual model of the EDZ initiation and propagation at the Tournemire site has been proposed. In order to validate this model, numerical simulations of increasing complexity have been carried out. In a first attempt, the response of the rock mass to the excavation phase, followed by seasonal cyclic variations of temperature and relative humidity inside the opening, has been simulated by means of a purely mechanical analysis, using a simple elastic material model. The EDZ has been estimated by post-processing the calculated stress states, using a Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The results obtained show that no EDZ could be predicted unless adopting a low cohesion value for the rock mass. Moreover, the deferred nature of the EDZ formation in Tournemire could not be reproduced. These limitations have then been suppressed by using a coupled viscoplastic-damaging mechanical model, the parameters of which have been identified from different laboratory experiments. With this model, a time evolution of the EDZ could be predicted, but the EDZ pattern could not match the one observed in situ. Finally, in view of the importance of the hydraulic couplings, unsaturated hydro-mechanical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effect of the numerous seasonal variations cycles and the resulting shrinkage.  相似文献   

Evidence for herbivorous cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) in Goyet Cave,Belgium: implications for palaeodietary reconstruction of fossil bears using amino acid δ15N approaches          下载免费PDF全文

Yuichi I. Naito  Mietje Germonpré  Yoshito Chikaraishi  Naohiko Ohkouchi  Dorothée G. Drucker  Keith A. Hobson  Mark A. Edwards  Christoph Wißing  Hervé Bocherens 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(6):598-606

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Concentrations and loads of dissolved xenobiotics and hormones in two small river catchments of different land use in Luxembourg     

A. Krein  S. Keßler  B. Meyer  J.‐Y. Pailler  C. Guignard  L. Hoffmann 《水文研究》2013,27(2):284-296

The investigation focuses on the analysis of dissolved sulfonamides, tetracyclines, analgesics, anticonvulsants and hormones in surface water. Runoff event and baseflow samples were analysed in two small river catchments of different land use in Luxembourg. For most of the flood events, similar pollutant loads to those transported during 1 day with average baseflow discharge were observed. The maximum contents during flood events and the event mean concentrations are controlled by pre‐event hydro‐climatological conditions. For all substances under investigation, maximum concentrations and event mean concentrations show a decrease with raising antecedent rainfall. In addition, the interstorm and intrastorm variability of the pollutant transport was determined. Runoff generation and corresponding transport of xenobiotic compounds show a complex pattern with many interrelated processes, taking place within bedrock, soil, anthropogenic facilities and channel and in different parts of the basins under investigation. Different sources of pollutants can be identified and related to particular locations in the basin. The influence of the sewer systems is obvious. In the agricultural Mess basin, higher rainfall amounts lead to greater quantities of laterally inflowing soil water with higher concentrations of dissolved oxytetracycline. This originates from veterinary medicines administered to livestock and enters the environment through the application of organic fertilisers, especially by slurry that is applied to the fields. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Linked data: a geographic perspective     

Carsten Keßler 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(10):2117-2118

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Aquifer heat storage: sulphate reduction with acetate at increased temperatures   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Anna Jesußek  Ralf Köber  Sibylle Grandel  Andreas Dahmke 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1763-1771

Aquifer thermal energy storage in urban and industrial areas can lead to an increase in subsurface temperature to 70 °C and more. Besides its impacts on mineral and sorption equilibria and chemical reaction kinetics in an aquifer, temperature sensitively influences microbial activity and thus redox processes, such as sulphate reduction. Microorganism species can only operate within limited temperature ranges and their adaptability to temperature is a crucial point for the assessment of the environmental consequences of subsurface heat storage. Column experiments with aquifer sediment and tap water at 10, 25, 40, and 70 °C showed that under the constant addition of acetate sulphate reduction could be initiated after 26–63 pore volumes exchanged at all temperatures. Fastest initiation of sulphate reduction with the highest reduction rates was found at 40 °C. Maximum rate constants during experimental run-time were 0.56 h^?1 at 40 °C and 0.33, 0.36, and 0.25 h^?1 at 10 and, 25, and 70 °C, respectively. Hence, microbial activity was enhanced by a temperature increase to 40 °C but was significantly lowered at 70 °C. At 25 °C methane was found in solution, indicating the presence of fermenting organisms; at 10, 40, and 70 °C no methane production was observed. It could be shown that redox processes in an aquifer generally can adapt to temperatures significantly higher than in situ temperature and that the efficiency of the reduction process can be enhanced by temperature increase to a certain limit. Enhancement of sulphate reduction in an aquifer due to temperature increase could also allow enhanced degradation of organic ground water contaminants such as BTEX, where sulphate is an important electron acceptor.  相似文献   

The influence of housing oversupply on residential segregation: exploring the post-socialist city of Leipzig†     

Katrin Großmann  T. Arndt  A. Haase  D. Rink  A. Steinführer 《Urban geography》2013,34(4):550-577

In this article, we contribute to a better understanding of contextual differences related to residential segregation. We illuminate one specific contextual factor—housing oversupply—and how it intersects with historically inherited patterns of socio-spatial differentiation and other drivers of residential segregation. The study is based on an analysis of how segregation has developed over the last 20 years in the city of Leipzig, Germany. This case offers the rare possibility of studying the impact of city-wide housing oversupply on residential segregation, rather than concentrating on decline or decay in specific areas. We examine how oversupply emerged at the meeting point of changes in market structures, housing preferences, welfare state interventions, and migration trends in the post-socialist transition. Using existing statistical data, we demonstrate how oversupply has fostered a fast and thorough reshuffling of residential patterns. After a period of resolving segregation patterns from the socialist era, oversupply acts as a catalyst for recently emerging residential segregation patterns.  相似文献   

Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on tree-ring δ18O of monsoonal Southeast Tibet     

Philipp Hochreuther  Jakob Wernicke  Jussi Grießinger  Thomas Mölg  Haifeng Zhu  Lily Wang  Achim Bräuning 《Climatic change》2016,137(1-2):217-230

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Erratum to: Variations of sulphur isotope signatures in sulphides from the metamorphosed Ming Cu(−Au) volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit,Newfoundland Appalachians,Canada     

Stefanie M. Brueckner  Stephen J. Piercey  Graham D. Layne  Glenn Piercey  Paul J. Sylvester 《Mineralium Deposita》2015,50(5):641-642

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Second-degree Stokes coefficients from multi-satellite SLR   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mathis Bloßfeld  Horst Müller  Michael Gerstl  Vojtěch Štefka  Johannes Bouman  Franziska Göttl  Martin Horwath 《Journal of Geodesy》2015,89(9):857-871

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