Low permeability Neogene lithofacies in Northern Croatia as potential unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs     

Tomislav Malvić  Antonija Sučić  Marko Cvetković  Filip Resanović  Josipa Velić 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2014,6(2):182-194

We present two examples of describing low permeability Neogene clastic lithofacies to outline unconventional hydrocarbon lithofacies. Both examples were selected from the Drava Depression, the largest macrostructure of the Pannonian Basin System located in Croatia. The first example is the Beni?anci Field, the largest Croatian hydrocarbon reservoir discovered in Badenian coarse-grained clastics that consists mostly of breccia. The definition of low permeability lithofacies is related to the margins of the existing reservoir, where the reservoir lithology changed into a transitional one, which is mainly depicted by the marlitic sandstones. However, calculation of the POS (probability of success of new hydrocarbons) shows critical geological categories where probabilities are lower than those in the viable reservoir with proven reserves. Potential new hydrocarbon volumes are located in the structural margins, along the oil-water contact, with a POS of 9.375%. These potential reserves in those areas can be classified as probable. A second example was the Cremu?ina Structure, where a hydrocarbon reservoir was not proven, but where the entire structure has been transferred onto regional migration pathways. The Lower Pontian lithology is described from well logs as fine-grained sandstones with large sections of silty or marly clastics. As a result, the average porosity is low for conventional reservoir classification (10.57%). However, it is still an interesting case for consideration as a potentially unconventional reservoir, such as the ”tight” sandstones.  相似文献   

新疆七角井德哲塔勒德上石炭统奥尔吐组沉积相特征及意义     

郭丽娜  李勇  苏春乾  肖良  周建仁 《新疆地质》2014,(1):48-52

新疆巴里坤县七角井镇德哲塔勒德地区上石炭统奥尔吐组沉积相类型为扇三角洲相和滨海碎屑岩相。扇三角洲平原泥炭沼泽沉积和平原分流河道粗碎屑沉积组成扇三角洲平原亚相;水下分流河道和水下分流河道间沉积组成扇三角洲前缘亚相。主体是由碎屑岩组成不同规模的韵律层,发育平行层理、交错层理、较大型的楔状交错层理、水平层理。其中水平层理一般发育在静水地带,平行层理、交错层理则分别主要出现在以高流态、高水动力为特征的条件下,二者交互出现,反映地层沉积于海水进退较频繁的滨浅海地带。本组地层基本层序内部为由下至上粒度变细的特征,显示为海进过程。同时发现了大量化石,包括头足化石:尖形卡拉温菊石(Cravenoceras acutum Liang);腕足化石:网格长身贝(Dictyoclostus sp.),在含碳细砂岩中发现了桶箍芦木化石(Calamites cf.schützeiformis Kidst.et Jongm)碎片,结合该组沉积岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低的特征,岩石为近岸源区快速剥蚀、搬运、堆积形成的,所含植物化石碎片是沿途生长的植物异地埋藏形成的,说明本组沉积岩是在滨海区沉积形成的。  相似文献   

宁陕县南付家河磁铁矿地质特征及成因分析     

李革委  王创新  苏会平 《陕西地质》2014,(1):44-49

南付家河磁铁矿地处南秦岭被动陆缘菜子坪—柞水推覆岩片带内,近矿围岩为一套钠长岩,泥盆系发育的同沉积断层控制了矿体的空间位置,矿床成因属热水喷流沉积型。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷三叠系砂岩储层构造裂缝特征及形成期次          下载免费PDF全文

王瑞飞  屈艳梅  吕新华  邓瑞健  国殿斌  苏惠  苏琛 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1269-1278

根据露头、 岩心、 薄片、 古地磁、 成像测井、 岩石力学实验等资料;对东濮凹陷北部三叠系砂岩储层构造裂缝特征及形成期次进行分析。东濮凹陷三叠系砂岩储层主要发育北北东、 北东和近东西向3组高角度构造裂缝;裂缝走向近于平行或垂直主断层;倾向为北西和南东。二马营组裂缝较为发育;和尚沟组和刘家沟组裂缝相对不发育。储层裂缝为3期;分别为燕山早期的北西向扩张裂缝和北北西、 北西西向剪切裂缝;燕山晚期形成北东向拉张裂缝;喜马拉雅期形成北北东、 北东向拉张裂缝、 北北东向剪切裂缝和东西向扩张裂缝。古、 今构造应力场和岩石力学性质的各向异性分析表明;现今构造应力场最大水平主应力和岩石抗压强度的各向异性均影响燕山早期北西向裂缝的张开度及有效性。储层裂缝表现为两期;分别为燕山晚期的北东向拉张裂缝、 喜马拉雅期的北北东、 北东向拉张裂缝;北北东向剪切裂缝和东西向扩张裂缝。研究结果阐明了东濮凹陷北部三叠系砂岩储层构造裂缝特征及发育规律。  相似文献   

Influence of Unloading Rate on the Strainburst Characteristics of Beishan Granite Under True-Triaxial Unloading Conditions   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

X. G. Zhao  J. Wang  M. Cai  C. Cheng  L. K. Ma  R. Su  F. Zhao  D. J. Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):467-483

Rockburst is a sudden and violent failure of rocks and it often occurs in hard rocks in highly stressed ground. Strainburst is classified as one type of rockburst and it often occurs in rocks near or at the excavation boundary. Deep insight into the strainburst phenomenon is essential for safe underground construction at depth. In this paper, an experimental laboratory study on the strainburst behavior of Beishan granite is presented. Based on in-situ stress measurement data from the Beishan area in China, a series of tests under different unloading rates were performed to investigate the strainburst process using a true-triaxial strainburst test system which was equipped with an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system. In addition, a high-speed video camera was used to record and visualize the initiation and ejection of rock fragments as well as the sudden dynamic failure (strainburst) of the test samples. AE characteristics associated with the cumulative energy and frequency–amplitude distributions were analyzed. Characteristics of the microscopic structure of a fragment generated from one test were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that the degree of violence during failure and the associated AE energy release in the strainburst process are dependent on the unloading rate. When the unloading rate is high, the rock is prone to strainburst. On the other hand, as the unloading rate decreases, the failure mode changes from strainburst to spalling. In addition, the cumulative AE energy is not sensitive to unloading rates greater than 0.05 MPa/s. When the unloading rate is less than 0.05 MPa/s, the cumulative AE energy shows a marked decreasing trend during rock failure.  相似文献   

CPT-Based estimation of undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils in the Huanghe River Delta     

Zhongnian Yang  Xuesen Liu  Lei Guo  Yuxue Cui  Xiuting Su  Chao Jia  Xianzhang Ling 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(5):136-146

The Huanghe River（Yellow River） Delta has a wide distribution of fine-grained soils. Fluvial alluviation, erosion,and wave loads affect the shoal area, resulting complex physical and mechanical properties to sensitive fine-grained soil located at the river-sea boundary. The cone penetration test（CPT） is a convenient and effective in situ testing method which can accurately identify various soil parameters. Studies on undrained shear strength only roughly determine the fine content（FC） without ma...  相似文献   

干旱区城市化与生态韧性耦合协调的时空格局演化分析——以宁夏为例          下载免费PDF全文

李苏  刘浩南 《干旱区地理》2022,45(4):1281-1290

快速城市化易引发各种生态问题,如何构建城市化与生态韧性的协调发展关系对于干旱区内陆城市的发展至关重要。结合遥感技术从韧性角度解读城市化与生态环境,以宁夏为研究区域,在构建城市化与生态韧性指数的基础上,运用耦合协调性和相对发展度模型对2005—2020年两者的耦合协调性进行研究。结果表明：（1） 宁夏城市化水平提升较快,以银川市为中心的沿黄城市群灯光璀璨,而宁夏南部呈现众多面积较小零星分布的灯光像元。（2） 宁夏生态韧性水平整体稳中有升。银川市生态韧性水平全区最高,吴忠市次之,石嘴山市、固原市和中卫市生态韧性水平则相对较低。（3） 宁夏城市化与生态韧性耦合协调性稳步提升,除银川市和石嘴山市外,其余各市均经历了不同程度的失调期。（4） 宁夏城市化和生态韧性的相对发展尚未达到理想上的等同。  相似文献   

中国荒漠C4木本植物和土壤无机固碳研究回顾与展望     

苏培玺 《中国沙漠》2022,42(1):23-33

碳是贯穿自然和社会的首要元素之一,碳循环是自然和社会系统的重要纽带。陆地生态系统的自然固碳途径有2种,一种是植物碳同化,另一种是土壤碳同化,人们一直关注植物的有机固碳,对于土壤的无机固碳重视不够。本文回顾了中国荒漠区固碳能力强的C₄木本植物和土壤无机固碳研究进展。通过解剖结构观察、δ¹³C值和气体交换特征全面分析得出,荒漠植物梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）和沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）为典型的C₄木本植物,梭梭同化枝有大量的含晶细胞,沙拐枣同化枝有大量的黏液细胞。干旱区荒漠的非生物固碳能力至今缺乏合理解释。通过对戈壁、沙漠和壤质荒漠土壤无机碳密度和碳储量分析,提出了土壤碳同化（soil carbon assimilation）概念,并给出了土壤碳同化途径的3个阶段,解释了土壤无机固碳这一现象;与植物碳同化比较,土壤碳同化是荒漠固碳的主要途径。最后,展望了荒漠C₄木本植物和土壤碳同化的研究方向及对中国2060年前实现碳中和目标的可能贡献。  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠连接带沙丘移动规律北大核心CSCD     

张云枫  马义娟  苏志珠  梁爱民  张欣  崔颖颖 《中国沙漠》2022,42(5):82-91

巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠分别为中国面积第二、第三大流动性沙漠,对两大沙漠连接带新月形沙丘的动态监测可以揭示该地区沙丘形成演化规律,为沙漠连接带风沙地貌发育研究提供科学支撑。通过Google Earth高清历史影像对巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠连接带的新月形沙丘带进行监测,分析了两大沙漠交界处沙丘的移动速率和形态变化。结果表明:巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠连接带沙丘移动速率范围5.88-19.55 m·a^(-1),平均移动速率10.03 m·a^(-1);移动方向范围109°-135°,平均移动方向122°。风况为沙丘移动提供动力条件,合成输沙方向与沙丘移动方向吻合。受NW、WNW方向输沙影响,新月形沙丘南翼在移动速率增加的同时长度不断伸长,显著区别于北翼。沙丘移动受控于沙丘本身形态,沙丘各形态参数(迎风坡长度、高度、宽度、周长、底面积)与移动速率呈现显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。植被覆盖以及沙丘密度的差异导致了研究区沙丘移动速率的差异。沙丘移动前后,形态参数变化具有复杂性,而沙源丰富度差异以及丘间地灌丛沙包对沙丘形态的改变,是沙丘形态变化复杂性的主要原因。两大沙漠连接带年输沙通量170-521 t·m^(-1),均值为301 t·m^(-1)。  相似文献   

百叶箱结构对气温观测值的影响     

张爱丽  苏锋  孙智辉 《气象科技》2013,41(2):270-273

通过分析2009年3月至2010年2月小百叶箱观测温度与自动站大百叶箱的温度发现:月、年平均温度均是小百叶箱内观测值普遍低于大百叶箱观测值,但差值较小,多数在0.2℃以内.平均最高温度差值略大,最大值为0.4℃,冬季差异大.月极端温度差值大且不稳定,差值有正有负,均在正负1℃之内.日极端温度差值比较集中,最高温度主要分布在-0.65～0.14℃,最低温度在-0.4～0.02℃.温度日变化趋势非常一致,温度变化平缓时两者基本重合;剧烈变化时,大百叶箱内升温快,降温也快.一日内降温阶段差值为正,升温阶段,差值为负,差值最大的时间在上午09:00-12:00.无论在多云和少云,还是高风速和低风速条件下,两种百叶箱内测量的气温差值普遍在0.2℃以内.  相似文献