矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

孙玉科  姚宝魁 《工程地质学报》1998,6(4):305-311

本文阐述了露天矿边坡工程的特点, 回顾了露天矿边坡稳定性研究及其取得的理论成果和进展, 指出露天矿边坡稳定性研究的特点, 提出相应的研究技术路线与方法。  相似文献   

兰州市区地面脉动特征          下载免费PDF全文

孙崇绍 《地震工程学报》1981,3(1):61-71

为了进行兰州市区的场地小区划,在市区75个点上做了地面脉动观测。观测表明,地面脉动具有明显的区域性。市区不同地点的傅氏谱多少都有相似之处,多数谱峰值出现在0.3—0.45秒范围内。但是在兰州市的不同地段,谱形上也有一定的差别。根据谱形,可将市区划分为5个地区。由此可以想见,地面脉动特征取决于整个区域的综合自然条件,局部表土层的条件反居次要地位。地面脉动的最大幅值显然取决于表层较软土层,如黄土、亚粘土、亚砂土等的厚度,这些软土层的厚度越大,地面脉动的最大幅值也就越大。地面脉动观测结果可用之于场地土小区划分中去。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of Archaean ultrabasic and basic volcanics: Evidence from rare earth elements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shen -Su Sun  Robert W. Nesbitt 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,65(3):301-325

Rare earth element (REE) and major element data are presented on 44 Archaean samples which include spinifex textured ultramagnesian lavas (STPK) spinifex textured basalts (STB) and low MgO tholeiites. The samples come from the Yilgarn and Pilbara Blocks (W. Australia), Barberton (South Africa), Belingwe and Que Que (Rhodesia), Abitibi (Canada) and the 3.7 b.y. Isua Belt of Western Greenland. In addition REE data are given on three near primitive mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and a glassy MORB-type basalt from Taiwan. We suggest that REE patterns, particularly the light REE and Eu, can be affected by metamorphism, but argue that the consistency of pattern from samples both within and between areas enables recognition of primary patterns. La/Sm ratios of 2.7 b.y. STPK are characterised by being lower than those of associated basalts. The 3.5 b.y. STPK Barberton material does not show this feature but instead displays significant heavy REE depletion. The separation of garnet from these liquids is suggested as a possible mechanism for the high CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios, (Al loss) and the heavy REE and Sc depletion. The REE data on Barberton material is equivocal on the derivation of the so-called basaltic komatiites from the peridotitic komatiites. However, REE analyses on STPK and high magnesian lavas from elsewhere suggests that crystal fractionation is not a viable mechanism to produce one from the other. We suggest instead, that varying amounts of partial melting of different sources is responsible for the spectrum of compositions. The STB appear to be an easily recognised rock type within the Archaean. They are characterised by quench (clinopyroxene) textures and a light REE enriched pattern. It is suggested that these are near primary melts and that their REE patterns mirror their mantle source. We propose a two stage model for the 2.7 b.y. mafic complexes, in which, prior to the generation of ultrabasic magmas, the source underwent a small amount of partial melting which resulted in the removal of a melt enriched in incompatible elements. The depletion process could be achieved either during mantle diapirism or by upward migration of interstitial melts into an Archaean low velocity zone. The spread of La/Sm ratios in STPK and STB is used as an argument that the Archaean mantle was chemically heterogeneous and that the degree of heterogeneity was similar to that observed in modern ocean volcanics. As a result, partial melting of the mantle under different P-T conditions produced a spectrum of magma types. The information presently available on Archaean mafic and silicic magmatism and the incompleteness of geochemical data on present day tectonic environments are two major obstacles in formulating Archaean tectonic models. In addition a comparison of present day and Archaean ultramafic and silicic rocks suggests that plate tectonic models as presently understood may not be suitable analogues for all Archaean tectonic environments.  相似文献   

有限元法在数值天气预报中的应用     

孙敬猷  王申林  沈长泗 《大气科学》1979,3(1):32-42

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我国南方燕山期不同矿化花岗岩的判别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙文鹏  徐道一 《地质科学》1979,14(1):92-97

在我国南方,广泛发育各种酸性岩浆侵入体,蕴藏着丰富的稀土、稀有和放射性元素等矿产资源。找矿勘探及地质研究证明,其中大部分与燕山期花岗岩体有密切关系。实际情况是只有部分燕山期花岗岩体中,上述有用元素能富集成矿,而在更多的燕山期花岗岩体中,并未发现有工业价值的矿床。铌钽矿化与钨矿化可在一地存在,也可在不同岩体中出现,但铌钽矿化、钨矿化与铀矿化经常不在一地。上述现象纯属偶然的巧合,还是某种内在联系的反映呢?含矿花岗岩与不含矿的花岗岩在化学元素组合上有没有差异?研究这个问题对今后的找矿和勘探显然是有重要意义的。  相似文献   

Geomechanics and its application in petroleum geology     

Sun Diaqing  Chen Qingxuan  Gao Qinghua 《GeoJournal》1980,4(6):499-505

This paper is a brief account of the essential points of geomechanics initited in China by Prof. J. S. Lee in the 1920's and some important results achieved by some Chinese petroleum geologists in recent years by applying geomechanics to the exploration and prospecting of oil and gas in eastern China.  相似文献   

岩体变形和破坏的结构效应          下载免费PDF全文

孙广忠  周瑞光 《地质科学》1980,15(4):368-376

许多学者早已发现岩体的变形和破坏与试件尺寸有关,即随着试件尺寸增大,其变形模量变小,破坏强度降低。这种现象称为尺寸效应。 近来研究表明,所谓尺寸效应实际上是岩体结构效应和试验技术条件的反映。  相似文献   

海温异常对热带内外环流相互作用影响的对比分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

孙柏民  孙淑清 《大气科学》1998,22(1):83-96

运用ECMWF的风场和高度场及TBB资料,用相关方法对比分析了热带太平洋海温分布东冷西暖（1984～1985年冬季）和东暖西冷（1982～1983年冬季）两种不同背景下,热带西太平洋对流活动与中高纬环流在季内时间尺度下相互作用的特点。结果表明,不同的海温分布其对应的大尺度环流场包括Hadley和Walker环流的位置及强弱均有较大的差别。冬季热带西太平洋对流活动与热带外大气的季内相互作用过程也有明显差异。  相似文献   

C3植物光合作用日变化的模拟   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27  

于强  任保华  王天铎  孙菽芬 《大气科学》1998,22(6):867-880

对前人光合作用-气孔导度耦合模型进行了修正,建立了光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度的耦合模型,它概括了叶片上各主要物理过程和生理过程之间的相互联系和制约关系。 用数值方法研究了不同环境因子（太阳辐射、温度、湿度和风速等）对光合作用、蒸腾作用和气孔导度的日变化及中午降低（midday depression）的影响。 主要结果是:（1）当边界层导度减小时,光合“午睡”加剧,蒸腾作用减弱,但作为反馈调节,气孔导度增加。 （2）气孔导度的最适温度最低,光合作用次之,蒸腾作用最适温度最高。当光合作用中午受到高温的胁迫时,气孔导度下降的幅度最大,光合作用次之,蒸腾作用的降幅最小。一天中,气孔导度降低的持续时间最长,蒸腾作用降低的持续时间最短。（3）空气绝对湿度越低,气孔导度越低,光合午睡越明显。蒸腾作用则决定于饱和水汽压差(Vpd)和气孔导度两个因素的相反的作用。蒸腾作用随Vpd增加而增大,但Vpd超过一定值后,反而使蒸腾作用下降。 （4）当温度在光合最适温度以上时,太阳辐射的增加使叶温增加,引起光合“午睡”的加剧和气孔导度的降低。（5）ci/cs在中午的降低表明气孔的关闭是光合作用“午睡”现象的原因。  相似文献   

Semi analytical Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Velocity Near a Partially Penetrating Well in an Unconfined Aquifer     

Vitaly Zlotnik  Xunhong Chen  Bei Sun 《Ground water》1998,36(3):514-519

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