地质内、外力作用形成的堰塞湖     

季泰 《城市地质》2008,3(3):49-50

该文简要介绍了地震堰塞湖、火山堰塞湖、冰碛堰塞湖的形成原因及特点。  相似文献   

苏南地区碳酸盐岩的溶蚀性分析     

武健强  顾春生  许书刚  赵秀峰  黄光明 《中国岩溶》2021,40(4):565-571

为了解江苏南部地区碳酸盐岩地层的岩溶发育潜力,采集代表性岩石样品,并制作成统一规格的试片,开展一个水文年的溶蚀试验。结果表明,本地区碳酸盐岩的平均溶蚀速度约为1.42 mm?ka-1,与国内其它地区相比处于较低的水平,大致相当于西南地区的1/30,略高于北方岩溶区。实验证明了苏南地区二叠系、三叠系碳酸盐岩具有最强的溶蚀性,这为解释上述地层区的岩溶现象提供了地质依据。研究还表明,岩石的溶蚀性与Ca含量关系密切,同时也受岩石矿物成分、微构造影响,一般高Ca碳酸盐岩具有较高的溶蚀性。苏南地区的岩溶发育性以岩石溶蚀性为基础,但水动力条件也十分关键,宜兴地区二者兼备,岩溶最为发育。   相似文献   

Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of moisture on coal permeability     

Yuan Zhao  Shugang Cao  Yong Li  Hongyun Yang  Ping Guo  Guojun Liu  Ruikai Pan 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(3):1201-1221

Coalbed methane is a kind of clean energy source and also a kind of hazardous gas threatening the safety of coal mine production. Permeability is a key parameter to evaluate gas migration capability. However, the permeability is influenced by moisture content. Here, a series of seepage experiments were conducted to analyze the development tendency of flux and permeability to reveal the impact mechanism. Experimental results show that permeability tends to be a sharp drop with increasing moisture, but it had a slight fluctuation with relative gas pressure increasing under the constant mean effective stress. Considering the effect of moisture and gas sorption, a new gas–solid coupling model was developed based on experimental results and theoretical analysis and was implemented into FEM software for simulation. The numerical results of the new gas–solid coupling model were in good accordance with the experimental results and have a priority to cube law in precision. This study reveals that, on the one hand, the moisture can influence the adsorption-induced strain and, on the other hand, it can lead to a significant decrease in porosity due to pore volume occupation.  相似文献   

Expansion properties and creep tests for a new type of solidified expansive sealing material for gas drainage boreholes in underground mines     

Tianjun Zhang  Ruoyu Bao  Shugang Li  Chao Zhang  Lei Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(12):468

This study was conducted to find the optimal expansion for a new type of solidified expansive sealing (SES) material. The aim was to better meet the requirements for sealing gas extraction boreholes in underground coal mines by examining the expansion and creep properties of the material. The effect of different proportions of expansion agent on expansion time, expansion mechanisms, and creep properties of the SES material was investigated using an electronic universal testing machine and other systems. Based on the results of step loading creep tests, the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model was selected to further analyze the mechanical properties of the material. The analysis showed that when the proportion of expansion agent in the SES is increased to 2.0%, the final expansion percentage increases to 11.5%, and the rapid expansion time and expansion preparation time quickly decreases to 18 and 12 min, respectively. In addition, the step loading displacement and constant force load displacement increase sharply. The creep parameters E₀, E₁, and η₁ of the Kelvin–Voigt model reflect the gradually weakening of the compressive capacity and anti-deformation ability of the SES material. Based on the analysis of the experimental results and field application on sealing boreholes using SES material, it was possible to establish the optimum amount of expansion agent that should be added to the SES material. The optimized proportions can meet the requirements of good flowability, high compressive capacity, and anti-deformation ability for borehole sealing in a mine.  相似文献   

An estimation of discharge using mean velocity derived through Chiu’s velocity equation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tai Ho Choo  Hyeon Cheol Yoon  Sang Jin Lee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):247-256

To estimate discharge through the year (dry season and flood season), a stage–discharge curve derived through monitoring discharge in about 20 rivers or channels every year has been generally used. As revealed in many studies, however, the stage–discharge curve is inevitably affected by their hydraulic characteristics. This suggests that the use of a stage–discharge curve derived without considering hydraulic characteristics unique to a river or channel may produce significant errors in estimating discharge at not only low stage (during dry seasons) but also high stage (during flood seasons). In this study, the authors proposed a method to calculate the mean velocity and to estimate the discharge considering the hydraulic characteristics of a river or channel (e.g. the bed slope, wetted perimeter, width, kinematic viscosity, etc.); the method was developed using Chiu’s velocity equation. With the proposed method, it is possible to calculate a maximum velocity that is difficult to measure in an open channel, derive an entropy function representing the equilibrium of the channel, and thereby, estimate reliable discharge even in a flood season. To comparatively verify the utility of the proposed method, relations between the results of analysis using Manning’s and Chezy’s mean velocity equations and the values of measured discharge were addressed together. The results of analysis using lab data sets and measured data sets revealed that the proposed method was significantly more accurate in estimating discharge, even in flood seasons, when compared with the conventional method.  相似文献   

An alternative depth-integrated formulation for granular avalanches over temporally varying topography with small curvature     

Yih-Chin Tai  Chih-Yu Kuo  Wai-How Hui 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(6):596-629

An alternative formulation is proposed for deriving depth-integrated equations for gravity-driven granular avalanches over a non-trivial topography with small curvature. The coordinate system of Bouchut and Westdickenberg (2004 Bouchut, F and Westdickenberg, M. 2004. Gravity driven shallow water models for arbitrary topography. Commun. Math. Sci., 2: 359–389. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) is combined with the unified coordinate (UC) method, so that it can evolve in accordance with the entrainment–deposition processes at the basal surface. The resultant mass and momentum equations are formulated as a conservation system of the Cartesian components of the conservative physical variables. The motion of the flows is driven by the basal topography-induced pressure, pressure gradient, and resisted by the basal friction. The best benefit of this formulation is that it greatly simplifies the computation of the varying coordinate orientations. The features and advantages of this formulation are illustrated by the sliding-mass examples where we simulate the motion of a finite mass of granular material sliding down an inclined chute, running through a transition zone, and being deposited onto a horizontal plane.  相似文献   

水泥土搅拌桩在垃圾填埋场地基处理中的应用     

刘刚  台运好  华伟 《岩土工程技术》2012,26(2):106-108,F0003

水泥土搅拌桩作为加固软土地基的一种成熟方法,适用于多种成因的饱和软粘土与粉土等地基。通过工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩在用于垃圾填埋场复合地基中,提高地基承载力与减少地基沉降量,保证垃圾堆体及地基整体稳定的作用,供类似工程参考。  相似文献   

Correlating mass physical properties with ALOS reflectance spectra for intertidal sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary (northern Vietnam): an exploratory laboratory study     

Nguyen Thi Ngoc  Katsuaki Koike  Nguyen Tai Tue 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(4):273-284

Characterization of the sediment composition of tidal flats and monitoring of their spatiotemporal changes has become an important part of the sustainable management of coastal environments. To accurately classify sediments through remote sensing, a comprehensive understanding of sediment reflectance spectra is indispensable. The present laboratory-based study explores the performance of the high spatial resolution (10?×?10 m) Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) launched in 2006. Relationships between reflectance spectra (bands 1 to 4) and four typical mass physical properties were investigated under wet and dry experimental conditions for intertidal sediments sampled near the Ba Lat Estuary in northern Vietnam. Reflectance in the near-infrared region corresponding to ALOS band 4 (0.76–0.89 μm) was found (1) to have a strong negative correlation with sand content (dry wt%) under both wet and dry conditions (linear correlation coefficient r?=?–0.7859 and –0.8094, respectively), (2) to increase with decreasing relative water content (%) in a given sediment type (r?=?–0.7748 to –0.9367 for mud, sandy mud, muddy sand, and sand), (3) to have a positive correlation with organic matter content (r?=?0.7610 and 0.6460 under wet and dry conditions for contents >0.20 dry wt%), and (4) to be insignificantly correlated with mineral composition assessed in terms of contents (wt%) of quartz, clay minerals, and mica group minerals. Positive relationships between reflectance and water content for the pooled data of all sediment types (r?=?0.6395) or organic matter content contrast with previous findings, and can be attributed to close interrelationships between these properties and the predominance of sand content as controlling factor of reflectance. This study clarifies that ALOS band 4 provides the most useful imagery for intertidal monitoring because its reflectance, as simulated using the laboratory data, shows the strongest correlation with sand content. In a next step, these experimental findings should be verified by identifying the reflectance relationships at satellite image scales, and also considering the effects of other tidal flat features on reflectance, such as microtopography and biological surface characteristics.  相似文献   

中国沿海9种红藻hsp70基因序列及系统进化分析     

杨锐  王淑刚  陈娟娟  徐丽宁  王亚军  孙雪 《海洋学报》2013,35(4):188-200

本研究自山东青岛、浙江象山和江苏南通采集共9种红藻样品, 隶属于2纲、5目、6科、8属(据NCBI), 克隆各红藻hsp70 基因, 并对所获序列进行分析。利用特异性引物P1/P3扩增, 得到的目的条带约630 bp, 分析所推导的氨基酸序列发现:所获得片段均位于HSP70的ATPase结构域附近。9种红藻hsp70 序列之间的遗传距离在0.078～0.319之间, 序列相似度在73%～92%之间, 其保守性略低于HSP70蛋白;基因对A或T结尾的密码子表现出很高的偏好性, CGC与TGG这两种密码子在这9种红藻HSP70氨基酸密码子中未出现。上述表明hsp70 及HSP70密码子偏好性可应用于红藻分子系统学研究。基于多物种HSP70构建的进化树可见, Cyanidium caldarium与Cyanidioschyzon merolae strain 10D两种原始红藻的起源早于其他红藻, 紫菜次之, 本研究中9种红藻系统发生符合NCBI的描述。在真菌、藻类和植物中, 营养方式的差异可能是造成HSP70进化树分化的基本原因, 而相同形态类型的物种中, 环境适应是抗逆能力强、遗传结构稳定的物种生物分子进化的重要因素。  相似文献   

喀斯特生态环境敏感性评价指标分级方法研究——以都匀市土地利用类型为例   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李荣彪  洪汉烈  强泰  杨广斌  安裕伦  李阳兵 《中国岩溶》2009,28(1):87-93

应用数学、统计学等方法建立"比较矩阵"分析模型,对喀斯特地区生态环境敏感性评价指标的分级方法进行研究.与此同时,以都匀市土地利用类型为例,从生物多样性、系统承载力、环境容量、气候调节、物质循环与能量流动、水土保持与流失、环境污染、土地退化等11个指标来对13种土地利用类型分别做比较分析与敏感性量化,然后进行敏感性排序和有序聚类分级,并借助GIS软件绘成都匀市土地利用类型生态敏感等级分布图.研究结果认为,Ⅰ级敏感的土地利用类型包括灌木林地、有林地,Ⅰ级敏感包括天然草地、稻田、园地、水域,Ⅲ级敏感包括旱地、陵墓地,Ⅳ级敏感包括城镇、公路、农村居民点,Ⅴ级敏感包括独立工矿用地、未利用地.   相似文献