Dragons,brimstone and the geology of a volcanic arc on the island of the last Samurai,Kyushu, Japan     

Mark Williams  Simon Wallis  Toshifumi Komatsu  Gengo Tanaka  Tatsuo Oji  Nicola Clark 《Geology Today》2016,32(1):21-26

Not even Hollywood could dream of a place so magical as Kyushu. The southern‐most of the four major islands of the Japanese archipelago, this is a land of volcanoes, dinosaurs, and the last stand of the Samurai. And for good measure, James Bond visited here too, in the 1967 film You Only Live Twice. The final explosive scenes of that film featured the destruction of megalomaniac Ernst Stavro Blofeld's headquarters hidden inside the crater of one of Kyushu's most emblematic volcanoes, Shinmoedake. Kyushu also straddles the largest geological structure in Japan, the Median Tectonic Line (MTL) that runs from the western approaches of the island to the central part of Honshu. The MTL has been active since the Cretaceous, and the sedimentary basins formed along its line in Kyushu contain some of Japan's most famous dinosaur finds. The MTL also defines a fundamental divide between the geological histories of the terranes north and south of its line, a history that takes us back to the origins of the Japanese archipelago half a billion years ago.  相似文献   

Size distribution of condensed aromatic rings in various soil humic acids     

Kosuke Ikeya  Tatsuo HikageShigeo Arai  Akira Watanabe 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(1):55-61

Condensed aromatic rings are important skeletal components with regard to the recalcitrant nature of humic acids (HAs) in the environment. However, they have not been extensively studied. The relative content and composition (size distribution) of condensed aromatic rings in HAs were obtained from various soils subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis. In the XRD profiles of all the HAs, the 11 band that was derived from the carbon layer planes was clearly observed. Analysis of the 11 band indicated that the size of the carbon layer planes in HAs ranged from 0.48-1.68 nm, corresponding to 4- to 37-ring condensed aromatic structures. The contents of the total and larger carbon layer planes were larger in HAs with darker color and larger aromatic carbon content. At the same time, the carbon layer planes in HAs were smaller than those in a carbon black reference (from 0.24 to >3.66 nm). In the TEM analysis, fringes observed in HAs were less distinct and less ordered than those in carbon black, which was in agreement with the XRD result.  相似文献   

Numerical investigation on the performance of Wells turbine with non-uniform tip clearance for wave energy conversion     

Zahari Taha  Sugiyono  T.M.Y.S. Tuan Ya  Tatsuo Sawada 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(4):321-331

The performance of a Wells turbine with various non-uniform tip clearances was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The investigation was performed on numerical models of a NACA0020 blade profile under steady flow conditions. The performance of turbines with uniform and non-uniform tip clearances was compared. The results were also compared with experimental results in literature. It was shown that the performance of turbine with non-uniform tip clearance is similar with that of turbine with uniform one in terms of torque coefficient, input power coefficient, and efficiency. However, the turbine with non-uniform tip clearance seems to have a preferable overall performance. An investigation on the flow-field around the turbine blade was performed in order to explain the phenomena.  相似文献   

Simulating present climate of the global ocean–ice system using the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM): simulation characteristics and variability in the Pacific sector     

Hiroyuki Tsujino  Mikitoshi Hirabara  Hideyuki Nakano  Tamaki Yasuda  Tatsuo Motoi  Goro Yamanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(4):449-479

A long-term spin-up and a subsequent interannual simulation are conducted for the ocean–ice component of the climate model intercomparison project (CMIP)-class earth system model of the Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute. This experiment has three purposes: first is to assess the ability of our model with the Coordinated Ocean–ice Reference Experiments (COREs) forcing in reproducing the present ocean-climate; second is to understand the ocean-climate variability for the past 60 years; third is to present an example of evaluating an ocean–ice interannual variability simulation. The Pacific Ocean is focused on for the last two purposes. After integrating for about 1500 years with repeated use of a detrended CORE interannual forcing, the model reaches a quasi-steady state where the present climate is reproduced satisfactorily. Then, the interannual variability simulation is conducted with the retrieved forcing trend and the result is analyzed. The simulation is successful at reproducing the long-term variability in the Pacific and surrounding oceans. Brief analyses of the tropical and mid-latitude upper layer, deep circulation, and the Arctic sea ice are presented. A caveat in treating other parts of the globe is due to the recent intense convection in the Southern Ocean caused by a remarkably increasing trend of the Southern Hemisphere westerly. Overall, the current simulation with our CMIP-class ocean–ice model is shown to be useful for studying the present ocean-climate variability, specifically in the Pacific sector. It could also be used as a benchmark control experiment that facilitates further research, model development, and intercomparison.  相似文献   

Comments on “Electrostatic wave variety and the origin of BEN” by C. L. Grabbe, J. D. Menietti     

Y. Omura  V.L. Krasovsky 《Planetary and Space Science》2002,50(3):343-344

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A GC×GC-ToFMS Investigation of the Unresolved Complex Mixture and Associated Biomarkers in Biodegraded Petroleum     

WANG Guangli  Bernd Rolf Tatsuo SIMONEIT  SHI Shengbao  WANG Tieguan  ZHONG Ningning  WANG Peirong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(5):1959-1972

Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than non-biodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography (GC). This unresolved complex mixture (UCM) has been investigated using comprehensive two- dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) within a set of biodegraded petroleums derived from distinct sedimentary basins, including northwestern Sichuan (Neoproterozoic, marine), Tarim (Early Paleozoic, marine), Bohai Bay (Eocene, saline/brackish) and Pearl River Mouth (Eocene, freshwater). In general, the hydrocarbons that constitute the UCM in petroleum saturate fractions can be classified into three catalogues based on the distributions of resolved compounds on two dimensional chromatograms. Group 1 is composed mainly of normal and branched alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes and monocyclic alkanes; Group 2 comprises primarily terpanes ranging from two to five rings, and Group 3 is dominated by monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as tetralins and monoaromatic steranes. In addition, the UCM is source dependent and varies between oil populations. i.e., the UCM of petroleum derived from Precambrian and Early Paleozoic marine, Eocene saline/brackish and freshwater source rocks is specifically rich in higher homologues of A-norsteranes, series of 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-alkylcyclohexanes (carotenoid-derived alkanes), and tetralin and indane compounds, respectively.  相似文献   

An upper limit of visible emission from the plume generated by the impact of the K fragment of SL9     

Masahisa Yanagisawa  Satoshi Tanaka  Tatsuaki Okada  Tatsuo Konno 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1996,73(2):117-124

We monitored Jupiter with a video movie camera attached to a 1.3 m reflector during the impact event of the K fragment of D/Shoemaker-Levy 9. The camera was sensitive to visible radiation. A plume, which was generated by the impact and prominent in infrared wavelength, was not detected. Jovian images with hypothetical plumes were synthesized to examine how luminous the plume should have been to be recognized. It has been revealed that the plume was no more than twice as bright as Io in visible wavelength.  相似文献   

Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi on Awaji Island, south-west Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Taku Kitajima  Yoji Kobayashi  Ryuji Ikeda  Yoshihisa Iio  Kentaro Omura 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):318-325

Abstract Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi in Awaji Island, south-west Japan, was investigated using the deep borehole penetrating through the Nojima Fault, which was activated during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, by measuring the thermal conductivity of basement rocks. Using the temperature logging data, the value of terrestrial heat flow in Hirabayashi was found to be 56.6 ± 5.2 mW/m². The relationship between cut-off depth of aftershocks of the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake in Hirabayashi and terrestrial heat flow are discussed. The cut-off depth roughly corresponds to isotherms of 300°C.  相似文献   

Type IIIb radio bursts: 80 MHz source position and theoretical model     

Tatsuo Takakura  Shahinaz Yousef 《Solar physics》1975,40(2):421-438

We present Culgoora spectrograph and radioheliograph observations as well as a model of type IIIb bursts; the latter are defined as chains of striae of slow or no frequency drift, the chain as a whole drifting like a normal type III burst.The 80 MHz source positions are studied for a group of IIIb bursts, a IIIb precursor and harmonic pairs of 1:2 frequency ratio. It is found that the IIIb position may vary in a IIIb group. No significant difference was found between the source positions of a IIIb precursor and the following III burst. For one event we found that the fundamental IIIb burst showed a high degree of circular polarization (46%), while its second harmonic, a normal type III burst, was unpolarized.We suggest that the main cause for the striae in type IIIb bursts is the existence of filamentary, density irregularities along the path of the electron stream. The denser filaments initially reduce the value of the density gradient along the electrons' path and thereby enhance their emissions over a small range of plasma frequencies. If the radio emission from the filaments dominates the emission from the ambient rarified plasma, striae appear in the spectrum and a type IIIb burst results. This condition is more easily satisfied at the fundamental frequency and for electron streams of relatively high density.Radiophysics Publication RPP 1758, October, 1974, (2nd version).On leave from the Dept. of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.On leave from the Dept. of Astronomy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> Enclosure Experiment Using a Benthic Chamber System to Assess the Effect of High Concentration of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on Deep-Sea Benthic Communities     

Hiroshi?IshidaEmail author  Yuji?Watanabe  Tatsuo?Fukuhara  Sho?Kaneko  Kazushi?Furusawa  Yoshihisa?Shirayama 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):835-843

In order to evaluate the environmental impact associated with sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep sea, a free fall type field experimental device, the benthic chamber, was developed. In situ experiments to expose deep-sea communities to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (average of 20,000 ppm, 5,000 ppm and control) were carried out using this device 3 times, viz., in the winter of 2002 and in the spring and the summer of 2003, in the Kumano Trough at a depth of 2,000 m. In the long-term experiments (about two weeks in winter of 2002 and summer of 2003), the abundance of meiobenthos declined whereas that of bacteria increased under the condition of 20,000 ppm carbon dioxide compared with the control. Among meiofauna, the abundance of foraminifers at the same concentration of carbon dioxide became less than the control even in the short-term (3 days in spring of 2003) experiment, suggesting that organisms with a calcium carbonate exoskeleton are more sensitive to the raised concentration of carbon dioxide. The respiration rate of the benthic community exposed to 20,000 ppm was lower in the early stage of the experiment than in the latter half, whereas it was opposite under the condition of 5,000 ppm. The increase of biological activity in the 20,000 ppm exposure group is probably due to an increase of bacteria adapted to high carbon dioxide concentrations. The present results suggest that the influence of carbon dioxide on the deep-sea benthic ecosystem does not follow a simple, linear relationship with concentration.  相似文献