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Fatal landslides in Europe 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Ubydul Haque Philipp Blum Paula F. da Silva Peter Andersen Jürgen Pilz Sergey R. Chalov Jean-Philippe Malet Mateja Jemec Auflič Norina Andres Eleftheria Poyiadji Pedro C. Lamas Wenyi Zhang Igor Peshevski Halldór G. Pétursson Tayfun Kurt Nikolai Dobrev Juan Carlos García-Davalillo Matina Halkia Stefano Ferri George Gaprindashvili Johanna Engström David Keellings 《Landslides》2016,13(6):1545-1554
Landslides are a major hazard causing human and large economic losses worldwide. However, the quantification of fatalities and casualties is highly underestimated and incomplete, thus, the estimation of landslide risk is rather ambitious. Hence, a spatio-temporal distribution of deadly landslides is presented for 27 European countries over the last 20 years (1995–2014). Catastrophic landslides are widely distributed throughout Europe, however, with a great concentration in mountainous areas. In the studied period, a total of 1370 deaths and 784 injuries were reported resulting from 476 landslides. Turkey showed the highest fatalities with 335. An increasing trend of fatal landslides is observed, with a pronounced number of fatalities in the latest period from 2008 to 2014. The latter are mostly triggered by natural extreme events such as storms (i.e., heavy rainfall), earthquakes, and floods and only minor by human activities, such as mining and excavation works. Average economic loss per year in Europe is approximately 4.7 billion Euros. This study serves as baseline information for further risk mapping by integrating deadly landslide locations, local land use data, and will therefore help countries to protect human lives and property. 相似文献
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A coal mine panel claimed to infringe on a permit boundary, or to create an hazard after subsidence has been the subject of lawsuits. We study at the Soma–Darkale coalfield (Manisa, Turkey), the footprint of a lignite coal mine panel at a depth of about 150–200 m by mapping all of the surface fractures we could observe, and by developing a post-subsidence density model that we verified through gravity measurements with positive Bouguer anomaly. With the analysis of the fracture map and the gravity data, we were able to identify the footprint of a mine panel from the effect of the anomalous mass due to denser overburden material filling up the space after the extraction of less-dense lignite. Whereas, using empirical methods like the so-called “limit line approach” to evaluate the extent of the area where mining can have subsidence-induced surface fracturing, one could not recognize for certain infringement of permit boundaries. The orientations of the fractures we mapped at the ground surface, the Bouguer gravity map, and a test borehole indicated the presence and dimensions of a coal panel in dispute. The presented approach based on gravity method and fracture observations may be an example to help settle conflicts related to the position of the longwall mine panel. 相似文献
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Dogan Cetin Tayfun Sengul Shobha K. Bhatia Mahmoud M. Khachan 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(5):678-687
Coal ash producing is an increasing trend because of its high energy demand worldwide. For transportation, disposal, and reuse of the industrial waste materials, geotextile tube’s dewatering technology has been widely used over the last three decades, which helps to decrease the volume of the dewatered slurry. In this study, effect of usage of polymer and fibers on dewatering characteristic of fly ash slurries was investigated. For the experimental investigation, an anionic polymer and short nylon fibers were used. As a new concept, centrifuge test is introduced as an alternative for the widely used pressure filtration test (PFT). Centrifuge test was used to evaluate final solid content of the retained sediments and change in slurry volume of fly ash. Tests were conducted on unconditioned and anionic polyacrylamide and/or fiber conditioned fly ash slurries. Centrifuge test results were compared with PFT results with respect to final solid content. It was found that fiber and/or polymer usage has remarkable effect on the dewatering rate of fly ash slurry. It was also found that final solid content of fly ash slurries was decreased by inclusion of fibers and polymer, which indicates that fiber and/or polymer usage can create more permeable soil body. 相似文献