Clinoenstatite in volcanic rocks from the Bonin Islands     

Masayuki Komatsu 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1980,74(4):329-338

Multiply-twinned clinoenstatite has been found in andesitic rocks from Chichi-jima and Mukojima in the Bonin Islands.The clinoenstatite occurs as (1) reaction rims around olivine, (2) composite crystals with bronzite, and (3) anhedral phenocrysts rimmed or included by bronzite.The clinoenstatite is chemically characterized by low contents of Ca (less than 0.5 wt.% oxide), Fs (9.2–11.5) and Al (less than 0.6 wt.% oxide) relative to the coexisting bronzite. The partition coefficient, K _{D op} ^cp =(Mg/Fe²⁺)^cp/(Mg/Fe²⁺)^op between coexisting clinoenstatite and bronzite, ranges from 1.02 to 1.32 (average 1.17). The Fe²⁺/Mg+Fe²⁺ ratios of coexisting clinoenstatite and bronzite are different in different rock types, which suggests variable inversion temperatures of protoenstatite to orthopyroxene in boninite.Bronzite phenocrysts in a specimen, ranging from Fs15 to Fs30, coexist with augite phenocrysts, whereas those in the other specimens, ranging from Fs12 to Fs18, do not coexist with augite phenocrysts. These differences in petrographical nature and mineral chemistry among the specimens examined may be due to variations in their quenching stages.The boninite clinoenstatite and bronzite are relatively rich in Ca and Mg, compared with the Papuan and Mariana pyroxenes, which seems to depend upon the rock chemistry.  相似文献   

Temperature effects on solute diffusion and adsorption in differently compacted kaolin clay     

Ei Ei Mon  Shoichiro Hamamoto  Ken Kawamoto  Toshiko Komatsu  Per Moldrup 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(7):562

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Landslide detection based on height and amplitude differences using pre- and post-event airborne X-band SAR data     

Uemoto  Jyunpei  Moriyama  Toshifumi  Nadai  Akitsugu  Kojima  Shoichiro  Umehara  Toshihiko 《Natural Hazards》2019,95(3):485-503

Natural Hazards - The recognition of landslides and making their inventory map are considered to be urgent tasks not only for damage estimation but also for planning rescue and restoration...  相似文献   

Subsurface hydrographic structures and the temporal variations of Aleutian eddies     

Rui Saito  Ichiro Yasuda  Kosei Komatsu  Hiromu Ishiyama  Hiromichi Ueno  Hiroji Onishi  Takeshi Setou  Manabu Shimizu 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(5):605-621

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Swell-dominant surface waves observed by a moored buoy with a GPS wave sensor in Otsuchi Bay,a ria in Sanriku,Japan     

Kosei Komatsu  Kiyoshi Tanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(1):87-101

Real-time monitoring of wind and surface waves in Otsuchi Bay, Iwate, Tohoku, Japan, commenced in October 2012, using a mooring buoy with an ultrasonic anemometer and a single-mode GPS wave sensor. Wind and wave data are distributed hourly in real time via the Internet along with a chart of their time series. We analyzed data monitored in the first 3 months in order to assess the variability and occurrence of wind and waves and to elucidate the main reasons for wave variation in Otsuchi Bay. The monitoring data revealed that surface waves in the bay were predominantly affected by swells propagated from the northeastern offshore region and that the wave height was significantly correlated with the component of wind velocity toward Otsuchi Bay in the northeastern offshore region that faces the bay mouth. The offshore wind field was expected to provide information useful for predicting coastal waves in a ria bay in Sanriku such as Otsuchi Bay. However, it should be emphasized that the horizontal distribution of the offshore wind field which has a significant effect on the surface waves in a ria bay depends heavily on the topographic shape of the bay.  相似文献   

新疆鄯善碱泉子—巴里坤洛包泉活动断裂带研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

柏美祥  麻勇  今泉俊文  沈军 《内陆地震》1999,(4)

通过对碱泉子—洛包泉活动断裂带中碱泉子、红山口及洛包泉3 条活断层断坎微地貌的实测,尤其是对洛包泉活断层地衣直径及醉汉林胸径的实测,认为碱泉子活断层中全新世以来的垂直活动速率为0.99±0.02 m m /a～1.85±0.03 m m /a;红山口左旋正断层构成顺坡向断层陡坎,坎高1.6～7.0 m ,中全新世以来垂直活动速率为0.26±0.02 m m /a～0.95±0.06 m m /a,按其形成的水系左错1.6～2.8 m 计算,其水平活动速率为0.22±0.01 m m /a～0.38±0.03 m m /a,红山口活断层滑动速率为0.35～1.02 m m /a;洛包泉活断层地表破裂带长13 km ,断坎高3.6～14.8 m ,是由1914 年8 月5 日发生的7 12 级地震造成的。  相似文献   

A Proposed Method to Estimate In Situ Dissolved Gas Concentrations in Gas‐Saturated Groundwater          下载免费PDF全文

Shuji Tamamura  Kazuya Miyakawa  Noritaka Aramaki  Toshifumi Igarashi  Katsuhiko Kaneko 《Ground water》2018,56(1):118-130

Gas‐saturated groundwater forms bubbles when brought to atmospheric pressure, preventing precise determination of its in situ dissolved gas concentrations. To overcome this problem, a modeling approach called the atmospheric sampling method is suggested here to recover the in situ dissolved gas concentrations of groundwater collected ex situ under atmospheric conditions at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Japan. The results from this method were compared with results measured at the same locations using two special techniques, the sealed sampler and pre‐evacuated vial methods, that have been developed to collect groundwater under its in situ conditions. In gas‐saturated groundwater cases, dissolved methane and inorganic carbon concentrations derived using the atmospheric sampling method were mostly within ±4 and ±10%, respectively, of values from the sealed sampler and pre‐evacuated vial methods. In gas‐unsaturated groundwater, however, the atmospheric sampling method overestimated the in situ dissolved methane concentrations, because the groundwater pressure at which bubbles appear (P_critical) was overestimated. The atmospheric sampling method is recommended for use where gas‐saturated groundwater can be collected only ex situ under atmospheric conditions.  相似文献   

Water mass variability in the western North Pacific detected in a 15-year eddy resolving ocean reanalysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yasumasa Miyazawa  Ruochao Zhang  Xinyu Guo  Hitoshi Tamura  Daisuke Ambe  Joon-Soo Lee  Akira Okuno  Hiroshi Yoshinari  Takashi Setou  Kosei Komatsu 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(6):737-756

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Numerical modelling of internal erosion during hydrate dissociation based on multiphase mixture theory     

Toshifumi Akaki  Sayuri Kimoto 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(2):327-350

It has been reported that sand production, which is a simultaneous production of soil particles along with gas and water into a production well, forced to terminate the operation during the world's first offshore methane production test from hydrate-bearing sediments in the Eastern Nankai Tough. The sand production is induced by internal erosion, which is the detachment and migration of soil particles from soil skeleton due to seepage flow. The inflow of the eroded soil particles into the production well leads to damage of the production devices. In the present study, a numerical model to predict the chemo-thermo-mechanically coupled behavior including internal erosion during hydrate dissociation has been formulated based on the multiphase mixture theory. In the proposed model, the internal erosion is expressed as mass transition of soil particles from soil skeleton to the fluidized soil particles. Since the internal erosion is considered to depend on the soil particle size, mass of soil particles are divided into several groups that have different representative particle diameters, and the constitutive equations for the onset condition and the mass transition rate of the internal erosion are formulated for each group. Also, transportation of soil particles in the liquid phase is formulated for each particle size group in the proposed model. Finally, a simulation of the methane gas production from the hydrate-bearing sediment by depressurization method is presented, and the internal erosion and the dissociation behavior are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of stable isotopes,ratios of Cl/Cl and I/I in brine and deep groundwater from the Pacific coastal region and the eastern margin of the Japan Sea     

Yasunori Mahara  Tomoko Ohta  Tomochika Tokunaga  Hiroyuki Matsuzaki  Eiji Nakata  Yuki Miyamoto  Yukihiro Mizuochi  Toshiharu Tashiro  Masahiro Ono  Toshifumi Igarashi  Keisuke Nagao 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

Fifty-three samples, including brines associated with oil and natural gas reservoirs and groundwater samples from deep boreholes, were collected from the Pacific and Japan Sea coastal regions in Japan. The ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I and ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios, and stable isotopes (δD and δ¹⁸O) are compared to investigate differences related to the geotectonic settings of the two regions. The δD and δ¹⁸O data indicate that brine and groundwater from the Pacific coastal region reflect mixing of meteoric water with connate seawater in the pores of sedimentary rocks. On the other hand, brine and groundwater from the Japan Sea coastal region have been hydrothermally altered. In particular, brines associated with petroleum accumulations at Niigata and Akita showed the same isotopic characteristics as fluids found in the Kuroko deposits of the Green Tuff region in northeastern Japan. There is little difference in the ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios in brine and groundwater from the Pacific and Japan Sea coasts. Most brine and some deep groundwater, except those from the Pleistocene Kazusa Group, have already reached the average secular equilibrium ratio of 9.9 ± 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ for their mudstone and sandstone reservoirs. There was no correlation between the ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios and differences in geotectonic setting between the Pacific and the Japan Sea coast. The molar I/Br ratio suggests that the I in all of water samples was of biogenic origin. The average ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratio was 290 ± 130 × 10⁻¹⁵ to 294 ± 105 × 10⁻¹⁵ in both regions, showing no relationship to the different geotectonic settings. The uncontaminated brine and groundwater samples are likely to have retained the original ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratios of marine I released from the old organic matter stored in sedimentary rock.  相似文献