Sonophotocatalysis of endocrine-disrupting chemicals     

Tokumoto T  Ishikawa K  Furusawa T  Ii S  Hachisuka K  Tokumoto M  Tsai HJ  Uchida S  Maezawa A 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):372-377

Sonolysis and photolysis often exhibit synergistic effects in the degradation of organic molecules. An assay of fish oocyte maturation provides an appropriate experimental system to investigate the hormonal activities of chemical agents. Oocyte maturation in fish is triggered by maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), which acts on receptors on the oocyte surface. A synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), possesses inducing activity of fish oocyte maturation, and a widely used biocide, pentachlorophenol (PCP), exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on fish oocyte maturation. In this study, the effects of the combined treatment by sonolysis with photolysis (sonophotocatalysis) to diminish the hormonal activity of DES and the maturation preventing activity of PCP was examined. By sonophotocatalysis, hormonal activity of DES was completely lost within 30min and the inhibiting activity of PCP was lost within 120min. These results demonstrated that sonophotocatalysis is effective for diminishing the endocrine-disrupting activity of chemical agents.  相似文献   

A self-contained GIM-aided Abel retrieval method to improve GNSS-Radio Occultation retrieved electron density profiles     

Tulasi Ram  S.  Su  Shin-Yi  Tsai  Lung-Chi  Liu  Chao Han 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(4):825-836

GPS Solutions - A self-contained global ionospheric maps (GIM)-aided Abel retrieval method is adopted that can account for spherical non-uniformity along the radio wave path in the vicinity of the...  相似文献   

Ultraviolet spectroscopic evidence for polynuclear lead (II) complexes in synthetic Red Sea brines     

P. Tsai  R.P. Cooney 《Chemical Geology》1976,18(3):187-202

The Pb complexes in a synthetic brine solution with a composition comparable to that of the Atlantis II Deep 56°C Brine have been identified by UV absorption spectroscopy. The important species at ambient temperatures are PbCl^2?₄ and Pb(OH)BrCl₂^2?. At 56°C the former complex partially dissociates to form lower chloro complexes while the latter undergoes halide exchange reactions forming Pb(OH)Br₂Cl^2?. Evidence has also been found for the following polymeric lead hydroxo complexes: Pb₄(OH)₄Cl₄, Pb₆(OH)₃Cl₁₂ and Pb₃(OH)₁₂Cl₄. The predominant polynuclear complex in the brine, Pb₄(OH)₄Cl₄, tends to dissociate at 56°C to form lower polymeric species. The formulation of the limiting binary chloro complex as PbCl₄^2? rather than PbCl₆^4? is supported by the reflectance spectrum of Cs₄PbCl₆.  相似文献   

Ocean waves propagating over a porous seabed of finite thickness     

T. C. Lee  C. P. Tsai  D. S. Jeng   《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(12):1577-1601

In the past few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the phenomenon of wave-seabed interaction. However, conventional investigations for determining wave characteristics have been focused on the wave nonlinearity. On the other hand, most previous works have been only concerned with the seabed response under the wave pressure, which was obtained from the assumption of a rigid seabed. In this paper, the inertia forces and employing a complex wave number are considered in the whole problem. Based on Biot’s poro-elastic theory, the problem of wave-seabed interaction is first treated analytically for a homogeneous bed of finite thickness and a new wave dispersion relationship is also obtained, in which the soil characteristics are included. The numerical results indicate that the effects of soil parameters significantly affect the wave characteristics (such as the damping of water wave, wave length and wave pressure). Furthermore, the effects of inertia forces on the wave-induced seabed response cannot always be ignored under certain combination of wave and soil conditions.  相似文献   

Corrigendum for: ‘Ocean waves propagating over a porous seabed of finite thickness’ [Ocean Engineering 2002; 29(12): 1577-1602]∗     

T.L LeeC.P Tsai  D.S Jeng 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(7):951

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3-D Shear Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle in South China Sea and its Surrounding Regions by Surface Wave Dispersion Analysis   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hsin-Hung Wu  Yi-Ben Tsai  Tung-Yi Lee  Ching-Hua Lo  Chao-Hui Hsieh  Dinh Van Toan 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(1-2):5-27

In this study, we construct a 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in South China Sea and its surrounding regions by surface wave dispersion analysis. We use the multiple filter technique to calculate the group velocity dispersion curves of fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves with periods from 14 s to 120 s for earthquakes occurred around the Southeast Asia. We divide the study region (80° E–140° E, 16° S–32° N) into 3° × 3° blocks and use the constrained block inversion method to get the regionalized dispersion curve for each block. At some chosen periods, we put together laterally the regionalized group velocities from different blocks at the same period to get group velocity image maps. These maps show that there is significant heterogeneity in the group velocity of the study region. The dispersion curve of each block was then processed by surface wave inversion method to obtain the shear wave velocity structure. Finally, we put the shear wave velocity structures of all the blocks together to obtain the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle. The three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure shows that the shear wave velocity distribution in the crust and upper mantle of the South China Sea and its surrounding regions displays significant heterogeneity. There are significant differences among the crustal thickness, the lithospheric thickness and the shear wave velocity of the lid in upper mantle of different structure units. This study shows that the South China Sea Basin, southeast Sulu Sea Basin and Celebes Sea Basin have thinner crust. The thickness of crust in South China Sea Basin is 5–10 km; in Indochina is 25–40 km; in Peninsular Malaysia is 30–35 km; in Borneo is 30–35 km; in Palawan is 35 km; in the Philippine Islands is 30–35 km, in Sunda Shelf is 30–35 km, in Southeast China is 30–40 km, in West Philippine Basin is 5–10 km. The South China Sea Basin has a lithosphere with thickness of about 45–50 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3–4.7 km/s; Indochina has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–70 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3–4.5 km/s; Borneo has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–60 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.1–4.3 km/s; the Philippine Islands has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–60 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.2–4.3 km/s, West Philippine Basin has a lithosphere with thickness of about 50–55 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.7–4.8 km/s, Sunda Self has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–65 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3 km/s. The Red-River Fault Zone probably penetrates to a depth of at least 200 km and is plausibly the boundary between the South China Block and the Indosinia Block.  相似文献   

On the growth of ocean waves     

Paul C. Liu  Chen-Han Tsai  Hsuan S. Chen   《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(10):1472-1480

The availability of 10 h of continuous, uninterrupted field measurements of wind waves recorded in the western Pacific and containing a complete wave growth episode, has provided a distinct opportunity for us to make a novel, unprecedented examination of detailed wave growth processes. We found that the significance of the size of data used in the measurement, which can only be addressed with continuous and uninterrupted measurements, reflected the ineptness of the conventional approach toward further detailed understanding of realistic wave growth processes, as the conventional 20 min data size essentially stamped out any dynamics with time scale below 20 min. While our conventional understanding and modeling were generally operative and useful, they left no real vestige on time localized mechanisms such as wave grouping or wave breaking processes all with time scales much less than 20 min.  相似文献   

The influence of rainstorm pattern on shallow landslide   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tung-Lin Tsai 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1563-1569

In this study, the influence of the rainstorm pattern on shallow landslide is examined. The physically-based shallow landslide model is used to conduct this examination with considering four representative rainstorm patterns including uniform, advanced, central, and delayed rainstorms. The results show that in spite of the rainfall duration and the rainfall pattern, the rainstorm with less than the minimum landslide-triggering rainfall amount will not trigger landslide. However, for the rainstorm with greater than the minimum landslide-triggering rainfall amount, the occurrence of landslide significantly depends not only on the rainfall duration but also on the rainfall pattern. Among the four representative rainstorm patterns, the delayed rainstorm has the greatest rainfall duration threshold for landslide occurrence, followed by the central rainstorm, and then the uniform rainstorm. In addition, for each rainstorm pattern, the corresponding rainfall duration threshold for landslide occurrence decreases with the increase of rainfall amount, and seems to be constant for large rainfall amount.  相似文献   

Teaching Topographic Map Skills and Geomorphology Concepts with Google Earth in a One-Computer Classroom     

Hsiao-Ping Hsu  Bor-Wen Tsai  Che-Ming Chen 《The Journal of geography》2018,117(1):29-39

Teaching high-school geomorphological concepts and topographic map reading entails many challenges. This research reports the applicability and effectiveness of Google Earth in teaching topographic map skills and geomorphological concepts, by a single teacher, in a one-computer classroom. Compared to learning via a conventional instructional method, students learning with Google Earth do not have different geomorphological concepts development because both settings enable students to learn with similar static representation. However, students learning with Google Earth improve topographic map skills significantly compared to the conventional instructional method. This is because of the 3D landscape visualization and prior knowledge connections available with Google Earth.  相似文献   

Estimating the regional climate responses over river basins to changes in tropical sea surface temperature patterns     

Chii-Yun Tsai  Chris E. Forest  Thorsten Wagener 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(7-8):1965-1982

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