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21.
Influence of wave-current interactions on fluid force on a single cylinder and on two cylinders in tandem is examined. Quantities obtained are spectra of fluid force on elements, total fluid force and its statical moment. Comparisons are made of the cases in which wave-current interactions are considered and ignored. It is shown that interactions affect spectra of element force and statical moment more than do total force spectrum. For two cylinders in tandem, for cylinder spacings, current conditions and frequency range of practical interest, the effect of interactions is slightly reduced. 相似文献
22.
AbstractRunoff discharge in the Tuku lowlands, Taiwan, has increased with land development. Frequent floods caused by extreme weather conditions have resulted in considerable economic and social losses in recent years. Currently, numerous infrastructures have been built in the lowland areas that are prone to inundation; the measures and solutions for flood mitigation focus mainly on engineering aspects. Public participation in the development of principles for future flood management has helped both stakeholders and engineers. An integrated drainage–inundation model, combining a drainage flow model with a two-dimensional overland-flow inundation model is used to evaluate the flood management approaches with damage loss estimation. The proposed approaches include increasing drainage capacity, using fishponds as retention ponds, constructing pumping stations, and building flood diversion culverts. To assess the effects on the drainage system of projected increase of rainfall due to climate change, for each approach simulations were performed to obtain potential inundation extent and depth in terms of damage losses. The results demonstrate the importance of assessing the impacts of climate change for implementing appropriate flood management approaches.Editor Z.W. KundzewiczCitation Chang, H.-K., Tan, Y.-C., Lai, J.-S., Pan, T.-Y., Liu, T.-M., and Tung, C.-P., 2013. Improvement of a drainage system for flood management with assessment of the potential effects of climate change. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1581–1597. 相似文献
23.
C. C. Tung 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(10):1343-1350
It is known that when an unanchored rigid body is placed on a horizontal base which oscillates horizontally, it may undergo one of four modes of motion: rest, slide, slide–rock and rock. Initiation of a rigid body into these modes depends on the slenderness ratio of the body, the coefficient of friction between the body and the base and the acceleration of the base. In this study, the coefficient of friction and the base acceleration are considered random. For specific probability distributions of the coefficient of friction and the peak base acceleration, and for various values of the mean and standard deviation of the two random variables, the probabilities of occurrence of these modes of motion are obtained for a body of given slenderness ratio. It is shown that randomness of the coefficient of friction and base peak acceleration should not be ignored. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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C. C. Tung 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(10):1431-1439
This study is concerned with the conditions for the initiation of various modes of response of a free‐standing rigid body, initially at rest, placed on a frictional horizontal base which undergoes earthquake‐like accelerations in both the horizontal and vertical directions. These conditions are derived using equations of motion appropriate for each mode of motion. The analysis shows that an equivalent horizontal base acceleration may be constructed by dividing the time history of horizontal base acceleration by the sum of gravitational acceleration and the time history of vertical base acceleration. The criteria governing each mode of response of a body of given aspect ratio are then presented graphically with the magnitude of the equivalent base acceleration as abscissa and the coefficient of friction between the body and the base as ordinate. The study shows that a body is more stable while the vertical base acceleration is upwards than when it is absent as expected. When the vertical base acceleration is downwards, although the body is very likely to be lifted off the base, it is nevertheless possible to rock, and slide and rock simultaneously provided the value of coefficient of friction is sufficiently high and the downward vertical base acceleration is not too different from gravitational acceleration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
27.
The hydrological response of the Choshuishi alluvial fan to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake shows that the earthquake did impact the aquifer. The possible earthquake-induced changes in hydrogeological properties were investigated in this study. First, contour maps of the hydrologic anomaly, seismic factors, and vertical ground-surface displacement were compared qualitatively. Bulls eye patterns were found on the contour maps of hydraulic conductivity, coseismic groundwater-level change and vertical ground-surface displacement but did not occur with other seismic factors. The more permeable zones of the aquifer were found to coincide with the locations of greater vertical ground-surface displacement and coseismic groundwater-level change in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. This indicates that the change of the hydrogeologic properties of Choshuishi alluvial fan due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake may have mainly occurred in the highly permeable zones. Fractal, cross semivariogram and cross correlogram analyses were performed to quantitatively measure the persistency, variability and similarity, respectively, of spatial hydrologic response, seismic factors and hydraulic conductivity. The groundwater-level change, earthquake intensity, and vertical ground-surface displacement were found to show antipersistent tendencies while other factors showed the opposite. Higher correlations were found between hydraulic conductivity and groundwater-level change in aquifers 2–1 and 2–2, and between hydraulic conductivity and vertical ground-surface displacement in aquifer 3. Changes in porosities and hydraulic conductivity were evaluated in the main aquifers of the Choshuishi alluvial fan based on the data of hydrologic anomaly and the vertical ground-surface displacement. While both approaches show that the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake has impacted the Choshuishi alluvial fan by reducing its porosity and hydraulic conductivity, these changes were not significant relative to natural variation in hydraulic conductivity.This revised version was published in May 2005 with correction to the rubric. 相似文献
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通过测量黄土的磁化率 ,并结合传统的黄土地层学研究方法 ,对丁村旧石器文化遗址群中两个典型的剖面 ,即代表丁村旧石器中期文化的 10 0地点和代表丁村旧石器早期文化的 79:0 2地点文化层上部的黄土 -古土壤序列进行划分 ,并将其结果与位于丁村附近黄土塬上的敬村黄土剖面和典型洛川黄土剖面的地层和磁化率曲线进行对比。结果表明 ,丁村 10 0地点地层上部黄土 -古土壤序列为S0 ,L1,S1;而 79:0 2地点上部的黄土 -古土壤序列则包括S0 ,L1,S1,L2 ,S2 。因此 ,丁村 10 0地点文化层的年代大于S1的形成年代即 0 13MaB .P .,79:0 2地点文化层的年代大于S2 的轨道调谐年龄 ,即 0 2 4 7MaB .P 相似文献
29.
In‐situ 40Ar/39Ar laser microprobe dating was carried out on the Hoping pseudotachylite from a mylonite‐fault zone in the metamorphosed basement complex of the active Taiwan Mountain Belt to determine the timing of the responsible earthquake(s). The dating results, distributed from 3.2 to 1.6 Ma with errors ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 Ma, were derived from a combination of two Ar isotopic system end‐members with inverse isochron ages of 1.55 ± 0.05 and 2.87 ± 0.07 Ma, respectively. Petrographical observations reveal fault melt containing ultracataclasites, therefore the older inverse isochron end‐member may be attributed to the relic wall rock Ar isotopic system contained in micro‐breccia. Without significant Ar loss expected, the ~1.6 Ma for the young end‐member defines the exact time of the pseudotachylite formation. Seismic faulting therefore occurred during basement rock exhumation in the Taiwanese hinterland. 相似文献
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