Atmospheric temperature sounding with the Fourier spectrometer     

V. V. Asmus  Yu. M. Timofeyev  A. V. Polyakov  A. B. Uspensky  Yu. M. Golovin  F. S. Zavelevich  D. A. Kozlov  A. N. Rublev  A. V. Kukharsky  V. P. Pyatkin  E. V. Rusin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(4):428-432

Preliminary results of a space experiment using the IKFS-2 infrared sounder (Meteor-M2 satellite) showed high-quality of measurements of spectra of the outgoing thermal radiation of the atmosphere–surface system and the adequacy of developed IR radiation atmospheric models in the 15-μm carbon gas absorption band used to recover the vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperature. Outgoing radiation spectra measured by IKFS-2 instruments make it possible to restore vertical temperature profiles with errors close to 1K in most of the 0–30 km high-altitude region, except for the lower troposphere and altitudes above 30 km, where these errors are close to 2–3K.  相似文献   

Hydrotroilite as a bioindicator of paleohydrological and paleoclimatic processes in the Caspian basin     

V. I. Ferronsky  V. A. Polyakov  P. N. Kuprin  L. S. Vlasova 《Water Resources》2014,41(4):473-487

The results of studying the distribution of hydrotroilite (a product of bacterial sulfate-reduction) in deep-water bottom sediments in the Southern and Middle Caspian Sea are considered and its relationships with paleoclimatic and paleohydrological processes in the sea basin are analyzed.  相似文献   

Estimating the influence of filtering during the operation of the Pauzhetka and Mutnovskii high-temperature geothermal fields,Kamchatka, Russia     

A. V. Kiryukhin  N. P. Asaulova  O. B. Vereina  A. Yu. Polyakov 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2014,8(3):156-167

It is shown that the productive reservoir received considerable quantities of meteoric water during the operation of the Pauzhetka geothermal field (1960–2007), which amounted to 30% of the total with-drawal of heat carrier. This led to cooling of the productive reservoir and reduced steam extraction. Modeling the operation process with the infiltration zones sealed shows that steam extraction can be enhanced by 23.2%. Multi-option modeling for the operation of the Dachnyi site of the Mutnovskii geothermal field shows that the most-likely scenario is infiltration of meteoric water with a discharge of about 60 kg/s into the productive reservoir from above. These results are consistent with the decrease in the steam concentration during the first 4 years of operation.  相似文献   

Metallothionein-like proteins induced by cadmium stress in the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis     

Avianna F. Zhukovskaya  Nina N. Belcheva  Valentina S. Slobodskova  Viktor P. Chelomin 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(3):189-195

Organisms have evolved a cellular response called stress protein response that increases their tolerance in adverse environmental conditions. Well known stress proteins that bind essential and toxic metals are metallothionein (MT). The scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis is the most interesting organism because it is able to accumulate toxic cadmium in its digestive gland. However, in the tissue of the digestive gland of Mizuhopecten yessoensis MT (metallothioneins) have not been found. Eastern scallops, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, were collected from two locations ?? one clean and one polluted site. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were measured in the digestive gland. There was a significant increase in Cd concentrations in this studied tissue. We found that in the presence of cadmium Mizuhopecten yessoensis can induce high molecular proteins. The results of experiments have shown that Cd-binding ligands have a number of properties similar to MT: acetone and temperature stability; the ability to bind some metals, including Cd, Cu and Zn. Protein chromatography (FPLC, Superosa 12) from the digestive gland of scallop M. yessoensis has shown that cadmium is associated with high molecular weight Cd-binding proteins (72 kDa and 43 kDa). The major cadmium-binding protein 72 kDa is glycoprotein. In experiments we have demonstrated that Cd-binding proteins can be induced when there is cadmium exposure. The results of this study strongly suggest that the far eastern scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis has a unique and well-developed system for the detoxification of heavy metals and it allows for biochemical systems to be maintained in a relatively stable manner in the presence of heavy metals.  相似文献   

Water erosion in the Southern Ural steppes     

A. I. Kliment’ev  A. A. Chibilev  Yu. M. Nesterenko  I. V. Lozhkin  D. G. Polyakov 《Water Resources》2010,37(1):102-112

Ecological-hydrological analysis of erosion processes on the key watersheds of Southern Ural steppe was used to determine the surface runoff as a function of the physico-geographic and anthropogenic conditions, i.e., snow storage and soil moisture reserves before winter, whose contribution reaches 68–81%. The rate of humus losses in chernozems and dark chestnut soils was calculated for different periods in accordance with erosion stress and the extent of the economic development of the territory. Agroecological types of arable lands with different surface runoff characteristics, rates of natural soil formation, and erosionrelated soil losses are identified. Measures aimed to reduce humus losses in soils are proposed. Relationships between the rates of soil formation and erosion losses are proposed to be used as ecological-hydrological criterion (index) of soil stability.  相似文献   

Climatic variations of general atmospheric circulation, precipitation and river flow of the territory of Kazakhstan     

Vitaly Salnikov  Galina Turulin  Svetlana Polyakov  Marat Moldahmetov  Lyazzat Mahmudova 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(1):0109-0113

Methods of calculating the basic hydrological characteristics of a water resource assessment, as well as the planning and management of their long-term use are based upon the concept of stationarity of long-term flow fluctuations. However, data of researches by hydrologists and climatologists clearly indicate that there are long-period changes in the characteristics of precipitation and river flow. This article discusses the variations of annual precipitation and river flow in the Ishim River Basin in Kazakhstan, based on the W, C and E classification developed by G.Y. Vangengeim who analyzed the long-term variability of anomalies by the number of days with some form of atmospheric circulation. From this study, the largest anomaly of the macro-circulation processes was revealed, and a comparative analysis of the number of days with various forms of atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies was made. It was demonstrated that the nature of atmospheric circulation depends on the distribution of precipitation; however, precipitation is also highly dependent on local physiographic conditions. The analysis of anomalous precipitation during the maximum number of days of positive anomalies with various forms of atmospheric circulation was also carried out. This study presents some results from the preliminary analysis of annual river flow linked with forms of atmospheric circulation.  相似文献   

REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN THE STUDY AND MAPPING OF NATURE RESERVES     

B. V. Polyakov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):39-40

A Siberian geographer outlines the major aspects of a program to map the climatic and ecological state of ecosystems in the Lake Baykal region of southern East Siberia. A methodology for the classification of micro- and mesoclimates is outlined that is based on the structural characteristics of the underlying terrain surface, the character of air flows into the region, and extensive study of natural conditions in the region. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2000, No. 2, pp. 104-112.  相似文献   

Upper Ocean Temperatures Hit Record High in 2020     

Lijing CHENG  John ABRAHAM  Kevin ETRENBERTH  John FASULLO  Tim BOYER  Ricardo LOCARNINI  Bin ZHANG  Fujiang YU  Liying WAN  Xingrong CHEN  Xiangzhou SONG  Yulong LIU  Michael EMANN  Franco RESEGHETTI  Simona SIMONCELLI  Viktor GOURETSKI  Gengxin CHEN  Alexey MISHONOV  Jim REAGAN  Jiang ZHU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):523-530

The long-term warming of the ocean is a critical indicator of both the past and present state of the climate system. It also provides insights about the changes to come, owing to the persistence of both decadal variations and secular trends,which the ocean records extremely well(Hansen et al., 2011;IPCC, 2013;Rhein et al., 2013;Trenberth et al., 2016;Abram et al., 2019).  相似文献   

Observing solar phenomenas with the large solar vacuum telescope     

N. M. Firstova  V. I. Polyakov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(7):888-892

The large solar vacuum telescope (LSVT) was designed to study solar phenomenas with high spatial and spectral resolution. Due to the large size of the telescope, its real spatial resolution may be as high as ≈0.4 arcsec, which makes it possible to observe fine-structure solar phenomenas like Ellerman bombs and pores. At present, the main subjects of investigation are solar flares. The LSVT research methods—spectral, spectropolarimetric, and filter—provide valuable information on the physical parameters in the phenomenas under study. Spectra and images of the Sun are recorded through an birefringent filter by two CCD cameras.  相似文献   

Simulation of the molecular mass distributions of Si anions on the liquidus of the Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system with regard for the disproportionation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis> structons     

A. A. Ariskin  A. V. Shil’dt  V. B. Polyakov 《Geochemistry International》2011,49(4):355-374

A new version of the STRUCTON (2009) computer model is proposed for the simulation of the molecular mass distributions (MMD) characterizing the diversity of anions in silicate melts depending on their polymerization and temperature. In contrast to earlier versions, the new version of the model accounts for disproportionation reactions of Q ⁿ species and makes use of their proportions in the statistical simulations of the origin of real Si-O complexes. The new potentialities of the STRUCTON program package are illustrated by its application to studying the structural-chemical characteristics of melts in the Na₂O-SiO₂ system along its liquidus line, including the points of eutectics and phase transitions at 0.333 ≤ $ N_{SiO_2 } $ N_{SiO_2 } < 0.500. This problem is solved with the use of a temperature-composition dependence of polymerization constants K _p ^Na in the Toop-Samis approximation. The variations in K _p ^Na were proved to be as large as three orders of magnitude due to both the temperature effect at a constant composition and the composition effect at a constant temperature. The results of the MMD simulations on the liquidus show that the concentration of the SiO₄⁴⁻ ion strongly decreases, and the proportion of chain species increases compared to those at a stochastic distribution. The concentration of the Si₂O₇⁶⁻ anion reaches its maximum (∼42%) at 40 mol % in the liquid, i.e., the composition of Na₆Si₂O₇. At $ N_{SiO_2 } $ N_{SiO_2 } > 0.40, this ion dominates over the SiO₄⁴⁻ monomer. More silicic melts with $ N_{SiO_2 } $ N_{SiO_2 } ≥ 0.45, are dominated by (Si _n O_3n )³ⁿ⁻ ring species, and the concentrations of these species are related as (Si₃O₉)⁶⁻ > (Si₄O₁₂)⁸⁻ > (Si₅O₁₅)¹⁰⁻. The maximum concentration of these flat rings also occurs near the composition of stoichiometric metasilicate with Si/O = 0.333. The comparison of the dependence of the average size of anions i _av and the average number of their species on depolymerization indicates that a change in the proportion of Q ⁿ species in melt at decreasing temperature results in structural restyling and an increase in the average size of Si-O complexes. The average number of anion species thereby decreases compared to that in a stochastic MMD. The results presented in this publication direct the progress in the thermodynamic theory of silicate melts to a new avenue that makes use of the capabilities and advantages of the ion-polymer model, the theory of associated solutions, spectroscopic data, and the experimental study of variations in oxide activities depending on composition and temperature.  相似文献