大别山北部黄土岭片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和氧同位素组成：古老的原岩和多阶段历史   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

夏群科郑永飞  葛宁洁EtienneDELOULE 《岩石学报》2003,19(3):506-512

利用阴极发光和离子探针技术，对大别山北部黄土岭片麻岩的锆石进行了内部结构、U-Pb年龄和氧同位素组成的系统分析。黄土岭片麻岩的锆石具有核-幔-边三层结构，核部是原岩的岩浆锆石，形成时代为-2800Ma；幔部是变质重结晶的产物，变质作用的时代为-2000Ma；边部则是在-110Ma从部分熔融体里结晶出来的增生锆石，是受大别山燕山期构造-岩浆事件影响的反映。黄土岭片麻岩和麻粒岩中-2800Ma和-2000Ma的年龄，以及麻粒岩中约3400Ma的残留锆石年龄均可以与扬子崆岭群变质岩对比。由此可以推断，北大别在构造属性上属于扬子板决，扬子与华北板决的缝合线应在北大别以北。锆石的核-幔-边具有不同的氧同位素组成，氧同位素数据表明黄土岭片麻岩的原岩是S型花岗岩，在-2000Ma和-110Ma的事件中都有外来物质(流体或熔体)的加入。  相似文献   

In situ anaerobic degradation of petroleum alkanes in marine sediments: preliminary results     

Delphine Massias  Vincent Grossi  Jean-Claude Bertrand 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(5):435-439

The degradation of acyclic petroleum hydrocarbons was studied during a 24-month experiment in Mediterranean coastal sediments (Gulf of Fos). Sediment cores entirely contaminated with oil (Arabian Light Crude Oil) were incubated in situ. The use of conservative tracers of sediment's particles reworking (luminophores) allowed the distinction of the reworked layer from the anoxic deeper sediments. Using the 17α,21βC₃₀ hopane (C₃₀H) as an inert internal reference, we could demonstrate that, after 24 months of experiment, acyclic petroleum hydrocarbons can be degraded under natural anaerobic conditions. The reactivity of individual alkanes appeared to depend on their chemical structure. To cite this article: D. Massias et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).To cite this article: D. Massias et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

Geology, petrology and isotope geochemistry of massif-type anorthosites from southwest Madagascar     

Lewis D. Ashwal  Michael A. Hamilton  Vincent P. I. Morel  Roger A. Rambeloson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,133(4):389-401

Four massif-type anorthosite bodies 25–100 km² in area occur within high-pressure granulite facies supracrustal gneisses in southwestern Madagascar. Two of these bodies (Ankafotia and Saririaky) appear to have been pulled apart by 40 km in a ductile shear zone, but structural features such as sub-vertical stretching lineations indicate an origin by intense west-directed flattening and pure shear. Country rocks (Graphite Series) include abundant graphite schist (some with >60% graphite), marble, quartzite, and minor amphibolite and leucogneiss. Comagmatic granitoids (e.g. charnockites) are conspicuously absent. The anorthosite bodies are dominated by coarse grained anorthosites and leuconorites (feldspars typically 3–5 cm, up to 1 m); minor norites and oxide-rich ferrogabbros occur near the margins, but ultramafic rocks are absent. Typical mineralogy of the anorthositic rocks is: plagioclase (An_41–54) + orthopyroxene (En_38–66) ± augite (Mg♯ = 32–68) ± ilmenite ± magnetite ± apatite. High-alumina (to 6.1 wt% Al₂O₃) orthopyroxene megacrysts are widespread; most have exsolutions of calcic plagioclase (An_72–85) but some contain garnet lamellae. Metamorphism has produced abundant recrystallization and sporadic coronitic garnet (Mg ♯=12–36) + clinopyroxene assemblages. Rb-Sr isotopic analyses of whole-rocks and minerals reveal no meaningful age relationships. The age of late Neoproterozoic metamorphism is best constrained at 559 ± 50 Ma by a 6-point Sm-Nd mineral isochron (whole rock, plag, pyx, ilm, apat, gar) from a Saririaky oxide-rich gabbro. The igneous crystallization age of the anorthosites is estimated at 660 ± 60 Ma by a 19-point combined whole-rock and mineral Sm-Nd isochron for samples from both the Ankafotia and Saririaky bodies. Initial isotopic ratios calculated at 0.66 Ga among 13 whole rocks are: _Nd=+2.6 to +5.2 (mean=+3.7) and I_Sr=0.70328–0.70407 (mean=0.70347), indicating derivation of the Malagasy anorthosites from a depleted mantle source, and little, if any, contamination with Archean crustal material. One anorthosite sample with _Nd=−1.4 and I_Sr=0.70344 (calculated at 0.66 Ga) probably reflects the effects of assimilation of Early to Middle Proterozoic crustal basement, but typical surrounding graphite schist (_Nd=+0.3, I_Sr=0.70636, both at 0.66 Ga; T_DM= 1131 Ma) represents only a minor potential contaminant for the anorthosite bodies. T_DM model ages of the Malagasy anorthosites (797–1280 Ma; mean of 14 samples=949 Ma), as those of most other massif-type anorthosites, are older than the true crystallization age, because of crustal contamination effects. Our isotopic data, together with recent U-Pb data from the anorthosites and surrounding country rocks, are consistent with emplacement of the Malagasy anorthosite bodies at or before the start of a protracted, high-grade metamorphic event or series of events between about 630 and 550 Ma. This period coincides with the collision between, and amalgamation of, East and West Gondwana. Received: 19 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 June 1998  相似文献   

Effects of the Little Ice Age on avalanche boulder tongues in the French Alps (Massif des Ecrins)     

Vincent Jomelli  Pierre Pech 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(5):553-564

Lichens of the subspecies Rhizocarpon geographicum s.l were measured on 25 avalanche boulder tongues in the Massif des Ecrins to elucidate the Little Ice Age history of avalanche activity. Results show: (1) an increase of lichen size from the median to the distal zone of deposits, and a decrease from the edges to the centre; (2) three types of lichen settlement. From the uppermost to the median zone, lichens are absent, because avalanche activity is very active. Down‐slope, lichens occur in two different zones: the median zone is colonized by 5–20 mm size lichens on sides of blocks protected from the abrasional action of avalanches, while in the distal zone lichen diameters are largest (>30 mm) and occur on all sides of the blocks. The spatial distribution of the lichens and their size according to elevation make it possible to distinguish different phases during which avalanche activity has increased. At high elevation, the avalanche activity was at a maximum before ad 1650 and between ad 1730 and 1830. During these two periods avalanches had suf?cient magnitude to reach the basal zone of the deposits. At low elevation since ad 1650 the magnitude and frequency of avalanches have declined. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地下洞室群对地面运动影响问题的级数解答-P波入射.   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

梁建文  张浩  Vincent W Lee 《地震学报》2004,26(3):269-280

采用波函数展开法，给出了平面P波入射下半空间中洞室群对地面运动影响问题的一个级数解答. 数值结果表明，地下洞室群对附近地面运动具有显著的放大作用．建议地铁等地下工程在规划和设计时，考虑工程建设后对沿线地面运动的影响．   相似文献   

The growth of point source plumes at Rayleigh numbers up to 10⁸ and Prandtl numbers up to 1000     

Catherine Hier Majumder  Alain P. Vincent  David A. Yuen 《Visual Geosciences》2002,7(1):1-9

Two-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted of the growth of thermal plumes from a point heat source at Rayleigh numbers up to 108 and Prandtl numbers up to 1000. Scaling the convection equations by the free fall velocity rather than the thermal diffusivity, increased the Prandtl number range available to numerical simulation by one order of magnitude from Prandtl number 100 to 1000. We present animations showing how the plumes grow with time for different Prandtl numbers. Plumes with Prandtl numbers around 7 (water) were found to be unstable to sinuous instabilities; whereas those at Prandtl numbers of 1000 had straight stems and fewer sinuous instabilities. Wavelet analysis was used to analyze the scales at which plumes initiated, and the scales at which sinuous instabilities occurred. The scale of both the plume structures and instabilities was found to decrease with Prandtl number.  相似文献   

Fungal weathering of basaltic rocks in a cold oceanic environment (Iceland): comparison between experimental and field observations     

Samuel Etienne  Joëlle Dupont 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(7):737-748

This paper presents evidence for strong biochemical weathering of basaltic outcrops induced by fungal communities in a cold environment. Weathering rind formation is considered to be a consequence of the biological activity. Comparisons between in vitro experiments and in situ observations allow a characterization of fungal effects on rocks and help to define the place of these micro‐organisms in the cold environment weathering chain. It is concluded that biological weathering is chronologically the first process of weathering, probably leading to the subsequent expression of cryogenic processes. Information presented here suggests the need for reconsideration of the traditional frost‐driven morphogenetic system normally considered for subpolar areas. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Remote probing ofD-region irregularities     

H Chandra  R A Vincent 《Journal of Earth System Science》1979,88(1):57-68

The nature of theD-region irregularities responsible for partial reflections is studied using amplitude, phase and range information taken at Buckland Park, South Australia, utilising a 178-dipole receiving array. Stratifications with distinct layer type structures below 80 km are noticed. A major part of the echo amplitude consists of specularly reflected signals.  相似文献   

Surface features associated with transform faults: A comparison between observed examples and an experimental model     

Vincent Courtillot  Paul Tapponnier  Jacques Varet   《Tectonophysics》1974,24(4):317-329

In several tectonic provinces where active ridge segments are offset, transform faults are expected but not observed. This paper discusses the evolution of the surface expression of some transform faults with the help of a few geological examples and a simple experimental clay model in which the importance of en-échelon fault systems is assessed. We conclude that the azimuth of observed fault traces may not coincide with the direction of movement, but be oblique to it. Thus we must be cautious when using a fieldobserved fault direction to infer a transform-fault direction for use in plate-tectonics models. This study also suggests the scale at which the assumption of rigid plates fails.  相似文献   

Mesures isotopiques du rubidium et du strontium et essais de mesure de l'age de la mineralisation de l'uranium du reacteur naturel fossile d'Oklo     

Robert Hagemann  Monique Lucas  Guy Nief  Etienne Roth 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,23(2):170-176

  相似文献