The use of simultaneous R- and Q-mode factor analysis as a tool for assisting interpretation of mineral magnetic data     

J. Walden  J. P. Smith  R. V. Dackombe 《Mathematical Geology》1992,24(3):227-247

The paper demonstrates both the potential and possible limitations of the use of simultaneous R-and Q-mode factor analysis for the detection of multivariate patterns in mineral magnetic data sets. Two examples are presented: correlation of Quaternary age glacial sediments from the Isle of Man within the Irish Sea Basin, and secondly, sediment-source linkages in recent lake sediments from Bar Mere, Cheshire, England. In both examples, the factor analysis offers useful insights into the environmental processes involved. Also, it seems to offer a suitable method by which qualitative interpretations of mineral magnetic data can be underpinned by a more objective approach. Plots of both variable and sample factor loadings provide a simple visual impression of the underlying multivariate trends in the data set. Given the simplicity with which the factor approach used here can be performed, it appears that it could become routine practice for the analysis of suitable mineral magnetic data sets.  相似文献   

Eine Dünungsbeobachtung sowie die Beziehungen zum erzeugenden Windfeld     

Hans Walden 《Ocean Dynamics》1954,7(1-2):59-62

Summary Determining, with the aid of weather maps, the area and time of formation of swell observed in the subtropical region, the author found the practical methods developed by W. J. Pierson jun., G. Neumann and R. W. James [1953] to be superior to other proceedings. From a fixed point of observation (on the northern hemisphere) swell waves will be observed to turn in a counter clockwise sense if the generating depression is developing or intensifying at its very area of origin and if its distance is long enough.

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Sur l'observation d'une houle et sur les relations entre une houle et son aire génératrice

Résumé Cherchant à déterminer, à l'aide des cartes du temps, l'aire génératrice et le moment de génération d'une houle on trouve que les méthodes pratiques d'après W. J. Pierson le jeune, G. Neumann et R. W. James [1953] se montrent, dans le cas actuel, supérieures à d'autres procédés. Se trouvant à un point fixe d'observation, on aperçoit que sur l'hémisphère nord les ondulations de la houle causées par une dépression atmosphérique tournent en sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, à condition que la dépression en question se développe ou s'intensifie sur sa propre aire génératrice et qu'elle se trouve à une distance assez longue du point d'observation.

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Zur Bandbreite des Periodenspektrums in der Dünung     

Hans Walden 《Ocean Dynamics》1956,9(3):132-136

Zusammenfassung Die Bandbreite eines Dünungsspektrums ist in vielen Fällen einerseits durch die zur Zeit der Beobachtung am Beobachtungsort A gerade ankommenden, andererseits durch die soeben aussetzenden Sinusperioden bestimmt. Es wird gezeigt, welchen Entstehungs- und Ausbreitungsbedingungen die aussetzenden Perioden unterliegen. Der Zeitpunkt, an dem ihre Anwesenheit am Ort A endet, wird graphisch ermittelt.

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On the band width of the period-spectrum in the swell

Summary The band width of a wave spectrum is, on the one hand, often determined by the sine periods just arriving at point A at the time of observation, on the other hand, it depends on the sine periods just ending at this point. An explanation is given of the conditions of generation and propagation the ending periods are subjected to. The time at which they cease passing point A is determined by graphs.

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Sur la largeur de la bande d'un spectre de périodes dans une houle

Résumé La largeur de la bande d'un train de houle dépend souvent, d'une part de la période sinusoïdale arrivant à point A au moment d'observation, d'autre part, elle est déterminée par la période sinusoïdale cessant de passer ce point. On explique les conditions de génération et de propagation qui influencent les périodes sinusoïdales cessant d'exister. Le moment où se termine leur présence à point A peut être déterminé à l'aide de graphiques.

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Ein von Herrn J. Piest entwickeltes Nomogramm erleichtert die Bestimmung der Perioden und somit die Ermittlung der Bandbreite des Dünungsspektrums sehr wesentlich.  相似文献   

Comparison of performance of two size groups of farmed cod (Gadus morhua L.) juveniles following transfer to sea cages     

Watson  J.T.; Sales  S.; Cumming  G.; Fitzsimmons  S.D.; Walden  J.; Arthur  G.; Saravanan  S.; McEvoy  L.A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(2):340-345

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Analyses of iron oxide assemblages within Namib dune sediments using high field remanence measurements (9 T) and Mössbauer analysis     

John Walden  Kevin H. White  Susan H. Kilcoyne  Phillip M. Bentley 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(2):185-195

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Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

H. Walden  G. Heise  K. Vollbrecht  H. Seilkopf 《Ocean Dynamics》1967,20(2):72-75

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The examination of surge-tide interaction at two ports on the central south coast of England     

A.T. Walden  P. Prescott  N.B. Webber 《Coastal Engineering》1982,6(1):59-70

When only a few years of sea level observations are available to the coastal engineer concerned with the design and maintenance of coastal defences at a location, a method other than that of annual maxima analysis must be used for the estimation of the frequency of occurrence of exceptional high sea levels. The most attractive and suitable method is that of joint surge-tide probability analysis. Negligible surge-tide interaction at the location enables the simplest kinds of joint probability methods to be applied and investigated, but, if the tide and surge components cannot be regarded as independent, it does entail computations of increasing complexity and length whilst of diminishing accuracy. It is shown how a detailed tide and interaction analysis for two major ports in close proximity can reveal substantial differences in interaction behaviour and hence the applicability of joint probability methods.  相似文献   

Zur Messung der Wassertemperatur auf Handelsschiffen     

Hans Walden 《Ocean Dynamics》1966,19(1):21-28

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Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 °N,East Pacific Rise     

K.L Von Damm  J.M Edmond  B Grant  C.I Measures  B Walden  R.F Weiss 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(11):2197-2220

The three hydrothermal fields at 21°N latitude, East Pacific Rise, were resampled and an additional one was discovered. Maximum fluid temperatures observed were within a few degrees of 350°C and these waters had concentrations of Mg and sulfate indistinguishable from zero. One field, NGS, which had active 350°C springs in 1979, was inactive when first located in 1981. However, when a chimney was broken open during sampling, water issued at 273°C and continued to flow for at least five days. The chemical composition strongly suggests that these waters cooled conductively from 350°C in the sealed conduit.The major ion data are consistent with the estimates based on extrapolation of the original measurements made on the hot springs from the Galapagos Spreading Center (Edmondet al., 1979a). The fluids have a pH of 3.5 and the sulfide-forming element concentrations show significant inter-field variations. Fe levels range from 0.8 to 2.4 mmoles/kg; the ratio Fe:Mn varies from 0.9 to 2.9 similar to metalliferous sediments on the ridge flanks, but much higher than observed at Galapagos (where sub-surface precipitation of iron sulfides occurs) indicating that the overwhelming proportion of the mass flux from hydrothermal systems occurs at high temperatures. Zn ranges from 40 to 106 μmoles/kg with Cu being substantially lower. Since the ratio of these elements in tholeiites is about unity, there is strong net preferential mobilization of Zn. Lead ranges from 183 to 359 nmoles/kg. Nickel and Be are highly immobile relative to the other trace elements. The abundance of H₂S is about three times that of the total sulfide-forming cations. These data demonstrate that acid solutions at elevated temperatures can transport substantial amounts of ore-forming elements in the presence of large excesses of sulfide.  相似文献   

Höhe der Windsee in einem wandernden rechteckigen Windfeld     

Walden  H. 《Ocean Dynamics》1954,7(3-4):129-139

Zusammenfassung Die hauptsächlich in der amerikanischen Literatur gegebenen Anweisungen zur Berechnung der Windsee aus dem herrschenden Wind gelten im allgemeinen für nicht-wandernde Windfelder. Hier wird gezeigt, daß bei den für die praktische Seegangsvorhersage häufig bedeutungsvollen wandernden Windfeldern der entstehende Seegang auch abhängig ist von der Breite des Windfeldes, von seiner Verlagerungsgeschwindigkeit und von dem Winkel, den Windrichtung und Zugrichtung des Windfeldes bilden. Die wichtigsten der verschiedenen Situationen, die sich ergeben können, werden behandelt. Dabei werden Hinweise für die Berechnung eines effektiven Fetch und einer effektiven Windwirkungsdauer gegeben, mit denen die von einem wandernden Windfeld erzeugte Windsee annähernd bestimmt werden kann.

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On the height of the wind sea in a travelling rectangular fetch

Summary Recent papers, chiefly such of American origin, often discuss methods enabling wind generated sea to be derived from the dominating wind. These methods refer, in general, to non-travelling fetches. The present paper deals, however, with the problem of travelling fetches which are often of greater importance to practical sea forecasting. It is shown that in the case of wandering fetches the wind generated sea is also a function of the fetch's width, of its displacement speed and of the angle between the wind's direction and the direction of displacement of the fetch. The most important of the various situations that occur are discussed and instructions are given to compute the effective fetch and the effective duration of the wind's action as these data will allow to approximately determine height and period of a wind sea from a travelling fetch.

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Sur la hauteur des vagues soulevées par le vent d'un »fetch« rectangulaire en mouvement

Résumé Des publications récentes, surtout telles venant des Etats-Unis, exposent des méthodes permettant de dériver du vent actuel les vagues de vent; ces méthodes se réfèrent, en general, à des »fetches« stationnaires. Le présent travail, cependant, traite le problème des »fetches« en mouvement qui sont souvent d'une importance plus grande à la prévision pratique de la mer du vent. On montre que les vagues du vent, en train de naître, sont aussi fonction de la largeur du »fetch«, de sa vitesse de déplacement et de l'angle formé par la direction du vent et la direction du mouvement du »fetch«. Alors, on discute des nombreuses situations les plus importantes qui peuvent se réaliser, donnant, en même temps, des instructions à évaluer »le fetch effectif« et »la durée effective de l'action du vent«; ces données permettent de dériver approximativement la force et la période des vagues engendrées par le vent d'un »fetch« progressif.

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