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101.
秦岭造山带的印支运动及印支期成矿作用 总被引:27,自引:10,他引:17
秦岭碰撞造山经历了长期的板块构造的俯冲-碰撞的构造演化,于印支期最终完成对接拼合,形成了统一的中国大陆,并由此转入陆内变形。众多Au、Mo多金属矿床的同位素年龄资料表明,印支期是秦岭的重要成矿期,其成矿作用明显受到构造演化的控制,反映特定的地球动力学背景和作用过程。秦岭印支期成矿作用不仅是中国东部中生代成矿作用的先导和开始,奠定了中国东部中生代成矿大爆发的基础,而且为碰撞期和碰撞期后构造体制快速转换的研究提供了依据。重视秦岭以及中国印支期成矿作用的研究,对正确认识秦岭成矿带的区域成矿规律、造山带演化的深部动力学过程,建立符合中国和东亚实际的印支期成矿理论体系具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
102.
Zi-Fu Zhao Yong-Fei Zheng Chun-Sheng Wei Fu-Kun Chen Xiaoming Liu Fu-Yuan Wu 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):222-242
The crustal structure of the Dabie orogen was reconstructed by a combined study of U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotope compositions of zircons from granitic gneiss from North Dabie, the largest lithotectonic unit in the orogen. The results were deciphered from metamorphic history to protolith origin with respect to continental subduction and exhumation. Zircon U–Pb dating provides consistent ages of 751 ± 7 Ma for protolith crystallization, and two group ages of 213 ± 4 to 245 ± 17 Ma and 126 ± 4 to 131 ± 36 Ma for regional metamorphism. Majority of zircon Hf isotope analyses displays negative εHf(t) values of − 5.1 to − 2.9 with crust Hf model ages of 1.84 to 1.99 Ga, indicating protolith origin from reworking of middle Paleoproterozoic crust. The remaining analyses exhibit positive εHf(t) values of 5.3 to 14.5 with mantle Hf model ages of 0.74 to 1.11 Ga, suggesting prompt reworking of Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Zircon O isotope analyses yield δ18O values of − 3.26 to 2.79‰, indicating differential involvement of meteoric water in protolith magma by remelting of hydrothermally altered low δ18O rocks. North Dabie shares the same age of Neoproterozoic low δ18O protolith with Central Dabie experiencing the Triassic UHP metamorphism, but it was significantly reworked at Early Cretaceous in association with contemporaneous magma emplacement. The Rodinia breakup at about 750 Ma would lead to not only the reworking of juvenile crust in an active rift zone for bimodal protolith of Central Dabie, but also reworking of ancient crust in an arc-continent collision zone for the North Dabie protolith. The spatial difference in the metamorphic age (Triassic vs. Cretaceous) between the northern and southern parts of North Dabie suggests intra-crustal detachment during the continental subduction. Furthermore, the Dabie orogen would have a three-layer structure prior to the Early Cretaceous magmatism: Central Dabie in the upper, North Dabie in the middle, and the source region of Cretaceous magmas in the lower. 相似文献
103.
西天山达巴特矿区火山岩的形成时代、构造背景及对斑岩型矿化的制约 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文通过对西天山地区比较典型的达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床矿区范围内出露的英安岩和花岗斑岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学分析,对流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩中的锆石进行了SHRIMPU—Pb定年研究,分别获得了315.9±5.9Ma和278.7±5.7Ma。岩石化学、微量以及稀土元素特征表明从英安岩到花岗斑岩,岩体具有明显的分异演化特征和很好的继承性。火山岩和次火山岩的精确定年为准确厘定火山岩形成的时限和地球动力学背景提供了依据。结合已有的Re-Os法获得的矿化年龄,表明晚石炭世末-早二叠世初(278.7±5.7Ma),西天山地区进入板块碰撞-板内伸展阶段,由于深源岩浆侵位,在达巴特矿区形成了由花岗斑岩、流纹斑岩和流纹质角砾熔结凝灰岩组成的椭圆形火山机构,并导致相关矿床的形成。 相似文献
104.
105.
Controlling of landsides safely and economically is a great challenge to mine operators because landslides are major geological
problems especially in open-pit mines. In this paper, a case history at Panluo open-pit mine is presented in detail to share
the experiences and lessons with mine operators. Panluo open-pit mine is located in the southwestern Fujian province of China.
It is the largest open-pit iron mine in the Fujian province and was planned in 1965 and is in full operation from 1978. In
July 1990, an earthquake of magnitude 5.3 in Taiwan Strait and big rainstorms impacted the mine slope, causing tension cracks
and rather large-scale failures, and forming a U-shaped landslide. Total potential volume was estimated to be up to 1.0 × 106 m3. This directly threatened the mine production. In order to protect the mine production and the dwellers’ safety around, a
dynamic comprehensive method was implemented including geotechnical investigations, in-situ testing and monitoring, stability
analysis, and many mitigation and preventive measures. These measures slowed down the development and further occurrence of
the landslide. The results showed that the landslides were still active, it was slowed with the control measures and moved
rapidly with rainfall and mining down. However, no catastrophic accidents occurred and the pit mining was continued till it
was closed at the elevation of 887 m in 2000. As a successful case of landslide control at an open-pit mine for 10 years,
this paper reports the controlling measures in details. These experiences of landslide control may be beneficial to other
similar mines for landslide control. 相似文献
106.
A detailed characterization of the site is crucial to designing an efficient method of managing the risks associated with
tailings from abandoned mines. Therefore, samples collected from various depths within tailings in Guryong mine, Korea, were
analyzed for their chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics. All samples of the Guryong tailings had acid-generating
potential. However, in the oxidation zone, the net acid generation (NAG) was low (30 kg H2SO4 t−1) although the acid neutralization potential (ANP) was less than zero. The ANP values in the unoxidation zone were higher
(> −56.0 kg CaCO3 t−1) than in the other zones. As a result, the amount of alkali ions that are needed to neutralize the acid needs to be considered.
In this experiment G3, G4 and G6 drill cores containing fine tailings particles near the unoxidation zone were observed to
contain calcite (CaCO3) with acid-neutralizing capacity. A low pH (2−4) in the oxidation zone of the tailings changed to a neutral pH in the unoxidation
zone of the tailings. These results suggest that the acid-neutralizing capacity of the tailings was controlled by particle
and mineral composition of tailings. 相似文献
107.
Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yongjin Chen Kefa Zhou Yaning Chen Weihong Li Jiazhen Liu Tao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1365-1373
In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River
during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that
the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after
the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth.
The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e.,
from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising
groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl−, SO42− and cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater
chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther
from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that
farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably
when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end
of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage
and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships
between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum
groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m. 相似文献
108.
For the assessment of shallow landslides triggered by rainfall, the physically based model coupling the infinite slope stability
analysis with the hydrological modeling in nearly saturated soil has commonly been used due to its simplicity. However, in
that model the rainfall infiltration in unsaturated soil could not be reliably simulated because a linear diffusion-type Richards’
equation rather than the complete Richards’ equation was used. In addition, the effect of matric suction on the shear strength
of soil was not actually considered. Therefore, except the shallow landslide in saturated soil due to groundwater table rise,
the shallow landslide induced by the loss in unsaturated shear strength due to the dissipation of matric suction could not
be reliably assessed. In this study, a physically based model capable of assessing shallow landslides in variably saturated
soils is developed by adopting the complete Richards’ equation with the effect of slope angle in the rainfall infiltration
modeling and using the extended Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to describe the unsaturated shear strength in the soil failure
modeling. The influence of rainfall intensity and duration on shallow landslide is investigated using the developed model.
The result shows that the rainfall intensity and duration seem to have similar influence on shallow landslides respectively
triggered by the increase of positive pore water pressure in saturated soil and induced by the dissipation of matric suction
in unsaturated soil. The rainfall duration threshold decreases with the increase in rainfall intensity, but remains constant
for large rainfall intensity. 相似文献
109.
Huijun Jin Zhi Wei Shaoling Wang Qihao Yu Lanzhi Lü Qingbai Wu Yanjun Ji 《Engineering Geology》2008,101(3-4):96-109
The Qinghai–Tibet Highway and Railway (the Corridor) across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau traverses 670 km of permafrost and seasonally frozen-ground in the interior of the Plateau, which is sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic environmental changes. The frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the Corridor is complicated by the variability in the near-surface lithology, and the mosaic presence of warm permafrost and talik in a periglacial environment. Differential settlement is the major frost-effect problem encountered over permafrost areas. The traditional classification of frozen ground based on the areal distribution of permafrost is too generalized for engineering purposes and a more refined classification is necessary for engineering design and construction. A proposed classification of 51 zones, sub-zones, and sections of frozen ground has been widely adopted for the design and construction of foundations in the portion of the Corridor studied. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), near-surface soil types and moisture content, and active faults and topography are most commonly the primary controlling factors in this classification. However, other factors, such as local microreliefs, drainage conditions, and snow and vegetation covers also exert important influences on the features of frozen ground. About 60% of the total length of the Corridor studied possesses reasonably good frozen-ground conditions, which do not need special mitigative measures for frost hazards. However, other sections, such as warm and ice-rich or -saturated permafrost, particularly in the sections in wetlands, ground improvement measures such as elevated land bridges and passive or proactive cooling techniques need to be applied to ensure the long-term stability of thermally unstable, thick permafrost subsoils, and/or refill with non-frost-susceptible soils. Due to the long-history of the construction and management of the Corridor by various government departments, adverse impacts of construction and operation on the permafrost environment have been resulted. It is recommended that an integrated, executable plan for the routing of major construction projects within this transportation corridor be established and long-term monitoring networks installed for evaluating and mitigating the impact from anthropogenic and climatic changes in frozen-ground conditions. 相似文献
110.
Min Sun Chao Yuan Wenjiao Xiao Xiaoping Long Xiaoping Xia Guochun Zhao Shoufa Lin Fuyuan Wu A. Kröner 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(3-4):352-383
Gneissic rocks in the Chinese Altai Mountains have been interpreted as either Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks or Precambrian basement. This study reports geochemical and geochronological data for banded paragneisses and associated gneissic granitoids collected along a NE–SW traverse in the northwestern Chinese Altai. Petrological and geochemical data suggest that the protoliths of the banded gneisses were possibly immature sediments with significant volcanic input and that the gneissic granitoids were derived from I-type granites formed in a subduction environment. Three types of morphological features can be recognized in zircons from the banded gneisses and are interpreted to correlate with different sources. Zircons from five samples of banded paragneiss cluster predominantly between 466 and 528 Ma, some give Neoproterozoic ages, and a few yield discordant Paleoproterozoic to Archean ages. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that both juvenile/mantle and crust materials were involved in the generation of the source rocks from which these zircons were derived. In contrast, zircons occur ubiquitously as elongated euhedral prismatic crystals in the four samples of the gneissic granitoids, and define single populations for each sample with mean ages between 380 and 453 Ma. The general absence of Precambrian inheritance and positive zircon ?Hf values for these granitoids suggest insignificant crustal contribution to the generation of the precursor magmas. Our data can be interpreted in terms of a progressive accretionary history in early to middle Palaeozoic times, and the Chinese Altai may possibly represent a magmatic arc built on a continental margin dominated by Neoproterozoic rocks. 相似文献