自聚焦光纤中传导模的场分布     

翁兴涛  余模智  何平安 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1995,(4)

从亥姆霍兹方程出发，导出了自聚焦光纤中传导模在圆柱坐标系中的场分布形式，并给出了几个低阶模的分布图。  相似文献   

中国地－气系统净辐射的气候特征     

翁笃鸣  李炬 《南京气象学院学报》1995,(2)

根据ＥＲＢＥ和ＩＳＣＣＰ资料讨论了总云量等因子对地－气系统净辐射的影响，分析了地－气系统净辐射与其各分量及地表净辐射的相关联系。发现行星反射率和地气短波吸收辐射对地－气净辐射的影响最大，而云和纬度的作用主要通过该两因子变化表现出来，ＯＬＲ的作用则相对较弱。地－气净辐射与地表净辐射的相关性也较明显。文中还就地－气净辐射在全国的地理分布作了分析。各地区地－气净辐射的年变曲线均为简单的夏大冬小型，云等因素的影响主要造成最大值出现月份的推移。  相似文献   

Bio-organic Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Deposits in Northwestern Guangxi and Their Metallogenetic Significance     

Zhang Aiyun Xiao Jianxin Weng ChengminDepartment of Geology  Energy Resources  China University of Geosciences  Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)

The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine-grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter , i.e. the distribution districts of black rock series . The fine-grained gold deposits occur in organic matter-bearing C, D, E, or D, E divisions of the classical Bouma sequences. The evolution degree of organic matters through oil window stage reached the over-mature degree. Both the bio-sources of the organic matters and the distribution of gold in the organic matters disclose the close association between gold, living beings and organic matters. The thermal evolution of organic matters led to the gold to be activized , migrated and enriched , and finally formed gold deposits in the fault belt and crushed zone of black rock series.  相似文献   

Single-Column Model Intercomparison for a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer   总被引：2，自引：15，他引：2  

J. Cuxart  A. A. M. Holtslag  R. J. Beare  E. Bazile  A. Beljaars  A. Cheng  L. Conangla  M. Ek  F. Freedman  R. Hamdi  A. Kerstein  H. Kitagawa  G. Lenderink  D. Lewellen  J. Mailhot  T. Mauritsen  V. Perov  G. Schayes  G-J. Steeneveld  G. Svensson  P. Taylor  W. Weng  S. Wunsch  K-M. Xu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(2):273-303

The parameterization of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer is a difficult issue, having a significant impact on medium-range weather forecasts and climate integrations. To pursue this further, a moderately stratified Arctic case is simulated by nineteen single-column turbulence schemes. Statistics from a large-eddy simulation intercomparison made for the same case by eleven different models are used as a guiding reference. The single-column parameterizations include research and operational schemes from major forecast and climate research centres. Results from first-order schemes, a large number of turbulence kinetic energy closures, and other models were used. There is a large spread in the results; in general, the operational schemes mix over a deeper layer than the research schemes, and the turbulence kinetic energy and other higher-order closures give results closer to the statistics obtained from the large-eddy simulations. The sensitivities of the schemes to the parameters of their turbulence closures are partially explored.  相似文献   

The effect of mountainous topography on moisture exchange between the “surface” and the free atmosphere   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andreas P. Weigel  Fotini K. Chow  Mathias W. Rotach 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(2):227-244

Typical numerical weather and climate prediction models apply parameterizations to describe the subgrid-scale exchange of moisture, heat and momentum between the surface and the free atmosphere. To a large degree, the underlying assumptions are based on empirical knowledge obtained from measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer over flat and homogeneous topography. It is, however, still unclear what happens if the topography is complex and steep. Not only is the applicability of classical turbulence schemes questionable in principle over such terrain, but mountains additionally induce vertical fluxes on the meso-γ scale. Examples are thermally or mechanically driven valley winds, which are neither resolved nor parameterized by climate models but nevertheless contribute to vertical exchange. Attempts to quantify these processes and to evaluate their impact on climate simulations have so far been scarce. Here, results from a case study in the Riviera Valley in southern Switzerland are presented. In previous work, measurements from the MAP-Riviera field campaign have been used to evaluate and configure a high-resolution large-eddy simulation code (ARPS). This model is here applied with a horizontal grid spacing of 350 m to detect and quantify the relevant exchange processes between the valley atmosphere (i.e. the ground “surface” in a coarse model) and the free atmosphere aloft. As an example, vertical export of moisture is evaluated for three fair-weather summer days. The simulations show that moisture exchange with the free atmosphere is indeed no longer governed by turbulent motions alone. Other mechanisms become important, such as mass export due to topographic narrowing or the interaction of thermally driven cross-valley circulations. Under certain atmospheric conditions, these topographical-related mechanisms exceed the “classical” turbulent contributions a coarse model would see by several times. The study shows that conventional subgrid-scale parameterizations can indeed be far off from reality if applied over complex topography, and that large-eddy simulations could provide a helpful tool for their improvement.  相似文献   

Reanalysis of western Pacific typhoons in 2004 with multi-satellite observations     

X. Zhang  T. Li  F. Weng  C.-C. Wu  L. Xu 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2007,97(1-4):3-18

Summary A pilot tropical cyclone reanalysis project was conducted to construct a reliable, high temporal and spatial resolution tropical cyclone dataset for selected western Pacific typhoons in summer 2004, with the application of the latest satellite observations and a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation method. Primary data used for the reanalysis include SSM/I rain rate, GOES-retrieved upper-level wind, QuikSCAT surface wind, Aqua AIRS/AMSU retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, and JTWC best track data. A regular reanalysis procedure was established and up to 12 western Pacific typhoons have been reanalyzed. The reanalysis period covers the entire life cycle of a tropical cyclone, from a few days prior to its genesis to its final decay stage. A preliminary analysis shows that the reanalysis product significantly improves typhoon intensity, structure, and track, compared to the NCEP operational final analysis. The validation of the TC structure against independent observations shows that the reanalysis reproduces well the asymmetric characteristics of TC rain bands and cloud bands. A further modeling experiment with an initial condition from the reanalysis product reveals a significant improvement in typhoon intensity forecast compared to a parallel experiment with an initial condition from the NCEP final analysis, which provides a further indication of quality of the tropical cyclone reanalysis. The reanalysis product and the raw observational data will soon be posted on the data server of the IPRC Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center () for public use.  相似文献   

利用ERBE和ISCCP资料反演青藏高原地表短波吸收辐射场   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

高歌  翁笃鸣 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(1):8-14

利用ＥＲＢＥ和ＩＳＣＣＰ卫星辐射及总云量资料,结合青藏高原地面日射资料,讨论了并提出了该地区地表短波吸收气候反演方法,该法的似合精度较高,平均误差为９．８Ｗ．ｍ＾－２据此计算出７５°Ｅ－９５°豚２５°Ｅ－４０°Ｎ间２．５°＊２．５°经纬网格点和高原６３个站点的各月平均地面吸收辐射通量密度,给制出其在高原的分布图,揭示其基本特征。  相似文献   

QINGHAI-XIZANG SURFACE LONG-WAVE RADIATION PARAMETERIZATION WITH ITS CLIMATIC CALCULATION^*     

Gao Ge  Zhang Lanying  Weng Duming 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(2):190-198

In the context of August 1982- July 1983 radiation balance data of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, detailed study is made of the relation between the active-surface temperature and surface temperature, proposing two parameterization schemes on surface long-wave radiation(SLWR)of the form U=kδσ(T₀+273)⁴ and U=δσ[(T₀+273)⁴+△T)]⁴, where k and △T are indicated by parameterization equations, separately, others being in conventional notation. Retrieved verification shows the two formulae to be of the same fitting accuracy with the mean relative error of 3.6% and suitable for computing instantaneous and mean flux density, alongside analyzed daily and annual variations of k and △T. Eventually. SLWR in the target area is investigated and its climatic characteristics examined.  相似文献   

Detection and Correction of AMSR-E Radio-Frequency Interference   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

WU Ying  WENG Fuzhong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(5):669-681

Radio-frequency interference (RFI) affects greatly the quality of the data and retrieval products from space-borne microwave radiometry. Analysis of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite observations reveals very strong and widespread RFI contam- inations on the C- and X-band data. Fortunately, the strong and moderate RFI signals can be easily identified using an index on observed brightness temperature spectrum. It is the weak RFI that is diffi- cult to be separated from the nature surface emission. In this study, a new algorithm is proposed for RFI detection and correction. The simulated brightness temperature is used as a background signal (B) and a departure of the observation from the background (O-B) is utilized for detection of RFI. It is found that the O-B departure can result from either a natural event (e.g., precipitation or flooding) or an RFI signal. A separation between the nature event and RFI is further realized based on the scattering index (SI). A positive SI index and low brightness temperatures at high frequencies indicate precipitation. In the RFI correction, a relationship between AMSR-E measurements at 10.65 GHz and those at 18.7 or 6.925 GHz is first developed using the AMSR-E training data sets under RFI-free conditions. Contamination of AMSR-E measurements at 10.65 GHz is then predicted from the RFI-free measurements at 18.7 or 6.925 GHz using this relationship. It is shown that AMSR-E measurements with the RFI-correction algorithm have better agreement with simulations in a variety of surface conditions.  相似文献   

DNA identification of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in the New Zealand fishery     

P. J. Smith  L. Griggs  S. Chow 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):843-850

Muscle samples were collected from 69 specimens identified as Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between 1990 and 2000. Identifications before 1996 were based on body size and colour of the caudal keel; later identifications were mostly based on the shape of abdominal cavity. The tissue samples were tested with a diagnostic mitochondrial DNA marker that distinguishes southern bluefin Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872) and Pacific bluefin tuna T. orientalis; 59 specimens were confirmed as T. orientalis and 10 as T. maccoyii. Specimens recorded as Pacific bluefin tuna by the shape of the abdominal cavity were correctly identified as T. orientalis, and this character can be used to identify large specimens landed on tuna vessels. Some specimens recorded as Pacific bluefin tuna on the basis of colour and size were T. maccoyii; and early records of T. orientalis in New Zealand waters, based on these characters, are unreliable. Unusual colour patterns were reported in some specimens of T. orientalis but not T. maccoyii. The Pacific bluefin tuna T. orientalis accounted for less than 0.3% of the bluefin tuna catch in the New Zealand EEZ during the 1990s.  相似文献