全文获取类型
收费全文 | 392篇 |
免费 | 59篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 27篇 |
大气科学 | 76篇 |
地球物理 | 95篇 |
地质学 | 192篇 |
海洋学 | 42篇 |
天文学 | 46篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
自然地理 | 25篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1923年 | 2篇 |
1919年 | 2篇 |
1917年 | 2篇 |
1915年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有514条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Both laboratory experiments and numerical modelling were conducted to study the biodegradation and transport of benzene–toluene–xylenes (BTX) in a simulated semi‐confined aquifer. The factors incorporated into the numerical model include advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, adsorption, and biodegradation. The various physico‐chemical parameters required by the numerical model were measured experimentally. In the experimental portion of the study, BTX compounds were introduced into the aquifer sand. After the contaminants had been transported through the system, BTX concentrations were measured at 12 equally spaced wells. Subsequently, microorganisms obtained from the activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant and cultured in BTX mixtures were introduced into the aquifer through the 12 sampling wells. The distribution data for BTX adsorption by the aquifer sand form a nonlinear isotherm. The degree of adsorption by the sand varies, depending on the composition of the solute. The degradation time, measured from the time since the bacteria were added to the aquifer until a specific contaminant was no longer detectable, was 35–42 h for BTX. The dissolved oxygen, after degradation by BTX compounds and bacteria, was consumed by about 40–60% in the entire simulated aquifer; thus the aerobic conditions were maintained. This study provides insights for the biodegradation and transport of BTX in aquifers by numerical modelling and laboratory experiments. Experimental and numerical comparisons indicate that the results by Monod degradation kinetics are more accurate than those by the first‐order degradation kinetics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
Within the ZitácuaroValle de Bravo (ZVB) regionof the central Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB), three lava serieshave erupted during the Quaternary: (1) high-K2O basaltic andesitesand andesites; (2) medium-K2O basaltic andesites, andesitesand dacites; (3) high-TiO2 basalts and basaltic andesites. Thedominant feature of the first two groups is the lack of plagioclaseaccompanying the various ferromagnesian phenocrysts (olivine,orthopyroxene, augite, and hornblende) in all but the dacites.This absence of plagioclase in the phenocryst assemblages ofthe high-K2O and medium-K2O intermediate lavas is significantbecause it indicates high water contents during the stage ofphenocryst equilibration. In contrast, the high-TiO2 group ischaracterized by phenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine. Thespatial distribution of these three lava series is systematic.The southern section of the ZVB transect, 280330 km fromthe Middle America Trench (MAT), is characterized by high-K2Omelts that are relatively enriched in fluid-mobile elementsand have the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Medium-K2O basaltic andesiteand andesite lavas are present throughout the transect, butthose closest to the MAT are MgO-rich (3·59·4wt %) and have phenocryst assemblages indicative of high magmaticwater contents (3·56·5 wt % water) andrelatively low temperatures (9501000°C). In markedcontrast, the northern section of the ZVB transect (380480km from the MAT) has high-TiO2, high field strength element(HFSE)-enriched magmas that have comparatively dry (< 1·5wt % magmatic water) and hot (11001200°C) phenocrystequilibration conditions. The central section of the ZVB transect(330380 km from the MAT) is a transition zone and producesmoderately light rare earth element (LREE) and large ion lithophileelement (LILE)-enriched, medium-K2O lavas with phenocryst assemblagesindicative of intermediate (1·53·5 wt %)water contents and temperatures. The high-K2O series compositionsare the most enriched in LILE and LREE, with a narrow rangeof radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr from 0·704245 to 0·704507,143Nd/144Nd values ranging from 0·512857 to 0·512927(Nd = 4·275·63), and 208Pb/204Pb valuesfrom 38·248 to 38·442, 207Pb/204Pb values from15·563 to 15·585, and 206Pb/204Pb values from18·598 to 18·688. The medium-K2O series compositionsare only moderately enriched in the LILE and LREE, with a broaderrange of 87Sr/86Sr, but similar 143Nd/144Nd and 208Pb/204Pbvalues to those of the high-K2O series. In contrast, the high-TiO2series compositions have little enrichment in LILE or LREE andinstead are enriched in the HFSE and heavy rare earth elements(HREE). The high-TiO2 lavas are isotopically distinct in theirlower and narrower range of 143Nd/144Nd. The isotopic variationsare believed to reflect the upper mantle magma source regionsas the low content of phenocrysts in most lavas precludes significantupper crustal assimilation or magma mixing, other than thatrepresented by the presence of quartz xenocrysts (< 2 vol.%) with rhyolitic glass inclusions, which are found in manyof these lavas. The systematic spatial variation in compositionof the three lava series is a reflection of the underlying subduction-modifiedmantle and its evolution. KEY WORDS: central Mexico; geochemistry; isotopes; Quaternary volcanism; hydrous lavas 相似文献
53.
54.
K. S. Dwarakanath W. M. Goss J. H. Zhao C. C. Lang 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2004,25(3-4):129-141
We have imaged a region of ∼ 5′ extent surrounding Sgr A* in the HI 21 cm-line absorption using the Very Large Array. A Gaussian
decomposition of the optical depth spectra at positions within ∼ 2′ (∼ 5 pc at 8.5 kpc) of Sgr A* detects a wide line underlying
the many narrow absorption lines. The wide line has a mean peak optical depth of 0.32 ± 0.12 centered at a mean velocity of
V1sr = −4 ± 15 km s{−1}. The mean full width at half maximum is 119 ± 42 km s−1. Such a wide line is absent in the spectra at positions beyond ∼ 2′ from Sgr A*. The position-velocity diagrams in optical
depth reveal that the wide line originates in various components of the circumnuclear disk (radius ∼ 1.3′ ) surrounding Sgr
A*. These components contribute to the optical depth of the wide line in different velocity ranges. The position-velocity
diagrams do not reveal any diffuse feature which could be attributed to a large number of HI clouds along the line of sight
to Sgr A*. Consequently, the wide line has no implications either to a global population of shocked HI clouds in the Galaxy
or to the energetics of the interstellar medium as was earlier thought. 相似文献
55.
中国季降水量的气候噪声和潜在可预报性估计 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用中国130个测站1961—2004年的日降水量资料,使用低频白噪声延伸法和方差分析法估计了中国季降水量的气候噪声方差和潜在可预报性。结果表明:中国季降水量的气候噪声方差由南向北、由沿海向内陆逐渐减小,且有明显的季节变化,夏季最高,其次是春秋季,冬季最小,而且内陆的季节变化比东南沿海的季节变化显著。季降水量的潜在可预报性有较大的季节和区域差异,但总体来说,全国大部分地区的季降水量是潜在可预报的。以绝对误差小于均方差0.68倍作为预测正确标准,全国大部分地区季降水量的预报正确率上限为50%-60%。 相似文献
56.
Rapid and cyclic aeolian deposition during the Last Glacial in European loess: a high-resolution record from Nussloch, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pierre Antoine Denis-Didier Rousseau Olivier Moine Stphane Kunesch Christine Hatt Andreas Lang Hlne Tissoux Ludwig Zller 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2955-2973
This paper reports the results of an investigation of the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial loess sequences of Nussloch (Rhine Valley, Germany) based on stratigraphy, palaeopedology, sedimentology, palynology, malacology and geochemistry (δ13C), supported by radiocarbon, TL and OSL dating. Grain-size and magnetic susceptibility records are taken at 5 cm intervals from the Upper Pleniglacial (UPG) loess. The data indicate cyclic variations in loess deposition between ca 34 and 17 ka, when the sedimentation rate is especially high (1.0–1.2 m per ka for more than 10 m). The grain-size index (GSI: ratio of coarse silt versus fine silt and clay) shows variations, which are assumed to be an indirect measurement of wind intensity. The sedimentation rate, interpreted from the profiles, indicates high values in loess (Loess events LE-1 to LE-7) and low or negligible values in tundra gley horizons G1 to G8. OSL ages from the loess and 14C dates from organic matter in the loess show that loess deposition was rapid but was interrupted by shorter periods of reduced aeolian sedimentation. Comparison between the data from Nussloch and other European sequences demonstrates a progressive coarsening of the loess deposits between ca 30 and 22 ka. This coarsening trend ends with a short but major grain-size decrease and is followed by an increase to a new maximum at 20 ± 2 ka (“W” shape). Correlation between the loess GSI and the Greenland ice-core dust records, suggests a global connection between North Atlantic and Western European global atmospheric circulation and wind regimes. In addition, the typical Upper Pleniglacial loess deposition begins at ca 30–31 ka, close to Heinrich event (HE) 3, and the main period of loess sedimentation at about 25 ± 2 ka is coeval to HE 2. Correlation of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size records shows that the periods, characterised by high GSI, coincide with an increase in the amount of ferromagnetic minerals reworked from the Rhine alluvial plain. They suggest enhancement in the frequency of the storms from N–NW. These results are integrated within a palaeogeographical model of dust transport and deposition in Western Europe for the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial (or Late Pleniglacial). 相似文献
57.
58.
Howard Falcon‐Lang 《Geology Today》2018,34(3):113-120
Unravelling the geology of Pembrokeshire (southwest Wales) has been a rite of passage for British undergraduate students for generations. A favourite destination for an Easter fieldtrip, this complex region contains diverse geology of late Precambrian to Carboniferous age. In the course of a five‐day excursion, a student can uncover evidence for two plate tectonic cycles: the birth of the early Palaeozoic Iapetus Ocean and its death in the Caledonian Orogen, and the reworking of the late Palaeozoic Rheic back‐arc basins on the northern margins of the Variscides. In doing so, there is an opportunity to examine highly variable palaeoenvironments including the deposits of alluvial fans, flood plains, deltas, estuaries, carbonate shelves and deeper marine settings, as well as developing fundamental field skills in geological mapping, structural analysis and sedimentary logging. In this article, I introduce the fascinating story of the geological evolution of Pembrokeshire and describe some of the classic localities useful for basic geological training. 相似文献
59.
60.
Richard Lang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1915,6(4-6):242-263
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献