青海南部高原近450年来春季最高气温序列及其时变特征   总被引：18，自引：9，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

靳立亚  秦宁生  勾晓华  陈发虎  李静 《第四纪研究》2005,25(2):193-201

根据采自青海南部高原曲麻莱、治多地区的圆柏树轮样芯建立的树木年轮年表,重建了近450年来高原春季（4～6月）的最高气温序列。采用多窗谱分析、小波分析和Yamamoto突变检测分析等方法综合研究了重建的高原春季最高气温序列的准周期性及多尺度突变特征。结果显示,青海南部高原地区春季最高气温的变化存在较明显的31～54年低频和2～4年高频准周期波动特征。在30～54年时间尺度上,青海南部高原春季最高气温变化经历了1622～1639年、1798～1816年、1896～1913年和1933～1951年的偏冷期以及1684～1703年、1779～1797年、1817～1835年和1914～1932年的偏暖期。分析还发现,青南高原地区春季最高气温在冷暖期的转换过程中存在着较明显突变现象,在30～40年时间尺度上,T_m序列在1610年、1668年、1816年、1915年和1934年前后的突变是明显的。交叉相关分析显示,在滞后7.5年左右,青海南部高原春季最高气温波动与太阳黑子周期长度的变化呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

On the Conversion of Antarctic Ice-Mass Change to Sea Level Equivalent     

Yixiang Tian  Marco Scaioni  Xiaohua Tong  Rongxing Li 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):89-97

This technical note aims to provide a quick reference and some computational examples for the conversion between Antarctic ice-mass changes and global sea level equivalent (SLE) changes using a few assumptions that computationally simplify this complex problem and that acknowledge gaps in our knowledge of the Antarctic environment. A number of factors involved in the conversion process are discussed, and the sensitivity of the conversion result to certain aspects is analyzed. It was found that the global ocean area calculated from a recently improved global shoreline dataset has little impact on the uncertainty of the SLE estimation. SLE estimation using satellite gravity observations, such as those by GRACE, are sensitive to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models. One more important result from the computation is that the effective density of the volume that is gained or lost during mass change may greatly affect the outcome of the conversion if it differs greatly from the actual density of the firn/ice layers. Finally, a table of computational examples is provided for reference under some assumptions for simplifying the computation.  相似文献   

松辽盆地长岭断陷中基性火山岩的时代与其成因     

温升福  刘曼丽  刘玮  李瑞磊  苟军  武鹏飞  王天豪  柳小明  孙德有 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):1762

锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,松辽盆地长岭断陷松南180井中基性火山岩形成于101～116 Ma的早白垩世晚期,属于营城组,非火石岭组火山岩。岩相学观察主要由安山岩和橄榄玄武岩组成,化学成分显示为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,属碱性系列,镁质量分数较低,镁值较小（Mg^#=0.27~0.53）。稀土元素总量较高（w（∑REE）=（164.98~257.27）×10^-6）,轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=6.60~10.96）,铕异常微弱（δEu=0.85~1.02）。富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, Rb,K 相对亏损,相容元素（Cr、Co、Ni）质量分数低,高场强元素Nb、Ta弱富集,整体表现出与 OIB(洋岛玄武岩)一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,经历了深部地幔流体的交代富集作用,岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染。  相似文献   

Wave Propagation Modeling and Amplitude-Variation-with-Offset Response in a Fractured Coalbed     

Qing-Xi Lin  Su-Ping Peng  Wen-Feng Du  Su-Zhen Shi  Jing-Wei Gou 《Acta Geophysica》2015,63(3):815-842

Coalbed methane can be detected employing the amplitudevariation-with-offset technique. However, there are two issues in applying this technique to a coalbed: strong azimuthal anisotropy resulting from high-density fractures, and the seismic response being composed of many or several individual reflections within the coalbed. To overcome these difficulties, we present an exact solution for reflections in extensive dilatancy anisotropy media. First, we build a three-layer model and simulate the wave propagation in this model. Then we derive an exact P- and converted S-wave reflection coefficient equation based on boundary conditions. Finally, substituting given model parameters into the exact equation, we obtain the variation in the reflection coefficient with incidence angle. The results show that the fracture factors, wavelet frequency and thickness of the coalbed have different effects on the reflection coefficient. Furthermore, we create a synthetic seismogram by forward calculation, and the result fits well with results of the exact equation.  相似文献   

珲春小西南岔白垩纪花岗岩的地球化学及岩浆源区特征     

付长亮  孙德有  魏红艳  苟军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(5):1436-1446

珲春小西南岔地区白垩纪花岗岩主要有英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩两种类型。英云闪长岩属于中钾钙碱性系列(Na₂O/K₂O=1.99~2.76),具有高Al₂O₃(15.46%~17.13%)、Sr(559×10^-6~731×10^-6)、Sr/Y(40~78)、La/Yb(16~21),低Y(9×10^-6~14×10^-6)、Yb(0.8×10^-6~1.3×10^-6)的特征,与埃达克质岩石地球化学特征类似。花岗闪长岩为高钾钙碱性系列,Na₂O/K₂O=1.01~1.56,w(Sr)=312×10^-6~410×10^-6、w(Yb)=1.23×10^-6~2.13×10^-6、Sr/Y=13~32,属正常的高钾钙碱性花岗岩。两类花岗岩的源区均为玄武质下地壳物质,英云闪长质岩浆形成压力较高(> 1.0 GPa),深度大于33 km,花岗闪长质岩浆形成压力相对较低(0.8~1.0 GPa),岩浆来源深度为26~33 km。  相似文献   

Geochemistry, geochronology and mineralization of the rare-metal granites in the Daping Ta-Nb deposit, Fujian Province, South China     

WANG Jinrong  HU Yongbin  HUANG Shufeng  CHEN Bin  YE Yuansheng  LUO Xiaohua  Lv Xinbiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(Z1):289-290

<正>1 Introduction Rare-metal granites are widely distributed in South China.The Daping porphyritic granitic Ta-Nb deposit,located in the Yongding area of south Fujian province,South China,is a large rare-metal deposit recently discovered.Few studies have been made of its petrology,mineralogy,geochemistry,chronology and metallogeny.In recent years,several exploratory drillings have been done in this deposit.These drilling holes,from 380 to 600  相似文献   

急缓流态交替的陡坡河道水动力模型          下载免费PDF全文

吴晓玲  向小华  牛帅  王船海 《水科学进展》2017,28(4):564-570

为解决河道水动力模拟中由于局部急、缓流态交替可能导致计算不稳定、模拟过程无法实施的问题,提出根据实际河段存在的缓流、急流、水跌以及水跃4种流态,采用基于特征线、水量平衡等原理在各流态分界处添加内部边界的思路,建立基于Preissmann方法的复杂流态自适应模拟模型。所构建的模型能保持Preissmann方法的特点,即相邻断面离散模板以及河道首末断面各需给定一个边界条件,该特点有利于方法直接与现有成熟河网水动力模型连接。理想算例的计算结果表明方法能够模拟急、缓流之间的渐变过渡;而石亭江的实际算例表明在急、缓流态频繁交替时,采用单河道模式及河网模式均能收敛到恒定状态,满足模拟实际复杂流态时的稳定性要求。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of bubble plumes and an analysis of their seismic attributes     

Canping Li  Limin Gou  Jiachun You 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(2):223-232

To study the bubble plume’s seismic response characteristics, the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theory based on an analysis of both the acoustic characteristics of a bubble-contained water body and the actual features of a plume. The finite difference method is used for forward modelling, and the single-shot seismic record exhibits the characteristics of a scattered wave field generated by a plume. A meaningful conclusion is obtained by extracting seismic attributes from the pre-stack shot gather record of a plume. The values of the amplitude-related seismic attributes increase greatly as the bubble content goes up, and changes in bubble radius will not cause seismic attributes to change, which is primarily observed because the bubble content has a strong impact on the plume’s acoustic velocity, while the bubble radius has a weak impact on the acoustic velocity. The above conclusion provides a theoretical reference for identifying hydrate plumes using seismic methods and contributes to further study on hydrate decomposition and migration, as well as on distribution of the methane bubble in seawater.  相似文献   

SCALES: a large‐scale assessment model of soil erosion hazard in Basse‐Normandie (northern‐western France)     

P. Le Gouée  D. Delahaye  M. Bermond  M. Marie  J. Douvinet  V. Viel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(8):887-901

The cartography of erosion risk is mainly based on the development of models, which evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative manner the physical reproduction of the erosion processes (CORINE, EHU, INRA). These models are mainly semi‐quantitative but can be physically based and spatially distributed (the Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment, PESERA). They are characterized by their simplicity and their applicability potential at large temporal and spatial scales. In developing our model SCALES (Spatialisation d'éChelle fine de l'ALéa Erosion des Sols/large‐scale assessment and mapping model of soil erosion hazard), we had in mind several objectives: (1) to map soil erosion at a regional scale with the guarantee of a large accuracy on the local level, (2) to envisage an applicability of the model in European oceanic areas, (3) to focus the erosion hazard estimation on the level of source areas (on‐site erosion), which are the agricultural parcels, (4) to take into account the weight of the temporality of agricultural practices (land‐use concept). Because of these objectives, the nature of variables, which characterize the erosion factors and because of its structure, SCALES differs from other models. Tested in Basse‐Normandie (Calvados 5500 km²) SCALES reveals a strong predisposition of the study area to the soil erosion which should require to be expressed in a wet year. Apart from an internal validation, we tried an intermediate one by comparing our results with those from INRA and PESERA. It appeared that these models under estimate medium erosion levels and differ in the spatial localization of areas with the highest erosion risks. SCALES underlines here the limitations in the use of pedo‐transfer functions and the interpolation of input data with a low resolution. One must not forget however that these models are mainly focused on an interregional comparative approach. Therefore the comparison of SCALES data with those of the INRA and PESERA models cannot result on a convincing validation of our model. For the moment the validation is based on the opinion of local experts, who agree with the qualitative indications delivered by our cartography. An external validation of SCALES is foreseen, which will be based on a thorough inventory of erosion signals in areas with different hazard levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

农业对气候变化的脆弱性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陶生才  许吟隆  刘珂  潘婕  苟诗薇 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(2):143-148

随着对气候变化研究的不断深入,气候变化脆弱性问题也得到了更多的关注。相对于水资源、森林等其他自然生态系统,农业受气候变化的影响最大,科学地评价其对气候变化的脆弱性,对于制定合理有效的适应对策具有重要意义。从气候变化脆弱性与农业对气候变化脆弱性的定义、研究内容和评价方法等角度综述了研究进展,在此基础上分析了目前该领域存在的问题,包括情景应用、方法和不确定性等方面,并展望了未来脆弱性评价的发展方向。  相似文献