海草凋落叶的溶解有机物的释放及其生物地球化学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘松林  江志坚  周沉冤  吴云超  ARBI Iman  张景平  黄小平  TREVATHAN-TACKETT Stacey M. 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):84-90

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) represents a significant source of nutrients that supports the microbial-based food web in seagrass ecosystems. However, there is little information on how the various fractions of DOM from seagrass leaves contributed to the coastal biogeochemical cycles. To address this gap, we carried out a 30-day laboratory chamber experiment on tropical seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. After 30 days of incubation, on average 22% carbon(C), 70% nitrogen(N) and 38% phosphorus(P) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter was released. The average leached dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter accounted for 55%, 95% and 65% of the total C, N and P lost, respectively. In the absence of microbes, about 75% of the total amount of DOC, monosaccharides(MCHO), DON and DOP were quickly released via leaching from both seagrass species in the first 9 days. Subsequently, little DOM was released during the remainder of the experiment. The leaching rates of DOC, DON and DOP were approximately 110, 40 and 0.70 μmol/(g·d). Leaching rates of DOM were attributed to the nonstructural carbohydrates and other labile organic matter within the seagrass leaf. Thalassia hemprichii leached more DOC, DOP and MCHO than E. acoroides. In contrast, E. acoroides leached higher concentrations of DON than T. hemprichii, with the overall leachate also having a higher DON: DOP ratio. These results indicate that there is an overall higher amount of DOM leachate from T. hemprichii than that of E. acoroides that is available to the seagrass ecosystem. According to the logarithmic model for DOM release and the in situ leaf litter production(the Xincun Bay, South China Sea), the seagrass leaf litter of these two seagrass species could release approximately 4×10~3 mol/d DOC, 1.4×10~3 mol/d DON and 25 mol/d DOP into the seawater. In addition to providing readily available nutrients for the microbial food web, the remaining particulate organic matter(POM)from the litter would also enter microbial remineralization processes. What is not remineralized from either DOM or POM fractions has potential to contribute to the permanent carbon stocks.  相似文献   

Target-directed isolation and identification of a serum lectin from lamprey (Lampetra japonica) by chromatographys and MALDI-TOF/TOF     

HAN Yinglun  GOU Meng  SONG Xiaoping  SONG Tao  SHI Biyue  PANG Yue  LI Qingwei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,(5)

A 105-k Da polymer lectin was purified from lamprey(Lampetra japonica) serum by chromatography methods including cation ion-exchange chromatography with a SP-Sepharose TM XL column and size exclusion chromatography with a Superdex 200 column. The target fractions were collected according to the direction of hemagglutinating activity. The results revealed that the active fractions could adsorb on SP-Sepharose column and showed a 280 nm UV absorbance peak corresponding to molecular weights of 105 k Da in the following size exclusion chromatography. The target fractions with hemagglutinating activity were further checked by NativePAGE and SDS-PAGE. Two single bands at around 105 k Da and 35 k Da were displayed by two electrophoresis methods respectively, indicating that the protein exists as a trimer in solution. After Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE,two bands were excised from the gels respectively and further identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF as serum lectin(gi:13094239). The lectin was able to agglutinate rabbit red blood cells(RRBCs) and sheep red blood cells(SRBCs) in vitro. The lectin isolated from lamprey serum in the current study might be helpful for deeply understanding the innate immune molecules dependent immune defence in jawless vertebrates which have been proved recently that they possess a lymphocyte-based system of anticipatory immunity with variable lymphocyte receptors as mediators.  相似文献   

Rating the Degradation of Natural Hay Pastures in Northern China     

XU Lijun  SHEN Beibei  NIE Yingying  XIN Xiaoping  GAO Wa  LI Da  WANG Di  YAN Ruirui  CHEN Baorui 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):163-173

Natural hay pastures in semi-arid pastoral areas produce the highest yields of hay in northern China. However, long-term continuous hay harvesting with no rest interval has resulted in severe degradation across widespread areas of these natural hay pastures. In addition, no clear data exist on the spatial distribution or degree of degradation occurring in natural hay pastures primarily because a nationally unified and normative evaluation standard is lacking. In view of the above problems, we employed an analytic hierarchy process to carry out screening and accuracy validation of evaluation indicators for natural hay pastures in north China grasslands (temperate meadow steppes, temperate steppes, mountain meadows, and lowland meadows). Our study identified seven easily measured indicators that reflect the state of natural hay pastures (average height, aboveground biomass, coverage, proportion of medium grasses, litter biomass, proportion of degradation-indicative plants, and proportion of bare spots and saline-alkali spots). A five-level scoring method was employed to delineate the threshold range for these indicators, The results of this study show that this method effectively solved the technical bottleneck for graded evaluation of degradation in natural hay pastures. This provides a theoretical basis for the scientific assessment of natural hay pasture degradation as well as important technical support for sustainable use of natural hay pastures and livestock production.  相似文献   

FLUS-UGB多情景模拟的珠江三角洲城市增长边界划定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴欣昕  刘小平  梁迅  陈广亮 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(4):532-542

城市增长边界（UGBs）能够控制城市空间的无序蔓延并引导城市合理增长,多发展情景下的UGBs是对不同规划条件下城市未来发展空间范围进行界定的常用方法。元胞自动机（CA）模型能对未来城市发展进行动态的预测,并已广泛的应用于UGBs的划定中。然而,目前的方法和模型大多只针对单一的城市发展情景进行UGBs的划定,较少能对未来多种发展情景下的UGBs进行准确划定。因此,针对这个问题本文提出了一种基于未来用地模拟（FLUS）模型和膨胀与腐蚀的算法的多情景UGBs划定模型（FLUS-UGB）。本文选取珠江三角洲地区为研究区,在对2000-2013年珠江三角洲地区城市土地利用进行模拟和验证的基础上（Kappa系数为0.715,总体精度为94.539%）,预测了2013-2050年基准、耕地保护及生态控制3种情景下珠江三角洲地区的城市扩张,并根据预测结果对该地区UGBs进行划定。结果显示,该方法能够针对不同的城市发展情景进行相应UGBs的划定,具有较好的可靠性及适用性。  相似文献   

一种顾及永久散射体的SBAS InSAR时序地表沉降提取方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王舜瑶  卢小平  刘晓帮  付睢宁 《测绘通报》2019,(2):58-62,70

提出了一种顾及永久散射体的SBAS InSAR时序地表形变提取方法。通过设置相干性、振幅离差指数、形变速率3阈值提取稳定的永久散射体，将其作为地面控制点引入SBAS InSAR处理流程，完成对地表形变的提取，并以郑州地区为例进行试验。获取了郑州市区2016年11月至2017年11月的地表沉降速率和时序地表沉降量，通过与PS InSAR、SBAS InSAR处理结果及水准测量进行对比，说明了该方法的可靠性。  相似文献   

Phanerozoic magma underplating and crustal growth beneath the North China Craton          下载免费PDF全文

Qiang Ma  Yi‐Gang Xu  Jian‐Ping Zheng  Min Sun  William L. Griffin  Xiaoping Xia  Shao‐Kui Pan 《地学学报》2017,29(4):211-217

Evidence for post‐Archaean crustal growth via magma underplating is largely based on U–Pb dating of zircons from granulite‐facies xenoliths. However, whether the young zircons from such xenoliths are genetically related to magma underplating or to anatexis remains controversial. The lower‐crustal xenoliths carried by igneous rocks in the Chifeng and Ningcheng (North China Craton) have low SiO₂ and high MgO, indicating that parental melts of their protoliths were of unambiguous mantle origin. The xenoliths contain abundant magmatic zircons with late‐Palaeozoic ages, and have more radiogenic zircon Hf‐isotope compositions and hence younger model ages than ancient crustal magmas and the “reworking array” of the basement rocks. Our data suggest that the granulites represent episodic magmatic underplating to the lower crust of this craton in Phanerozoic time. Considering the observation that regional lowermost crust (~5 km) is mafic and characterized by Phanerozoic zircons, this work reports an example of post‐Archaean crustal growth via magma underplating.  相似文献   

中国城市市售水果蔬菜农药残留水平及其空间差异研究     

张甘霖  庞小平  刘海燕 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):160-164

摄入农药残留超标的食物会对人们健康产生负面影响,因此,评估食品中的农药残留对保障食品安全具有积极作用。本文通过构建农药残留综合评价体系,利用多指标分析城市市售水果蔬菜农药残留状况及其对城市食品安全的影响,评估城市间农药残留层面的食品安全差异,结果表明:1)不同城市间市售果蔬农药残留状况差别明显,城市食品安全在农药残留层面上存在差异;2)我国城市的农药残留呈现明显的空间分布规律,而这可能与农药使用量有关。本研究为促进全国食品安全水平的提升提供了初步的数学基础和科学依据。  相似文献   

Long‐term streamflow trends in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin: detecting drivers of change          下载免费PDF全文

Zhaoliang Gao  Lu Zhang  Xiaoping Zhang  Lei Cheng  Nick Potter  Tim Cowan  Wenju Cai 《水文研究》2016,30(9):1315-1329

The catchments in the Loess Plateau, in China's middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, experienced unprecedented land use changes in the last 50 years as a result of large‐scale soil conservation measure to control soil erosion. The climate of the region also exhibited some levels of change with decreased precipitation and increased temperature. This study combined the time‐trend analysis method with a sensitivity‐based approach and found that annual streamflow in the Loess Plateau decreased significantly since the 1950s and surface runoff trends appear to dominate the streamflow trends in most of the catchments. Annual baseflow exhibited mostly downward trends, but significant upward trends were also observed in 3 out of 38 gauging stations. Mean annual streamflow during 1979?2010 decreased by up to 65% across the catchments compared with the period of 1957?1978, indicating significant changes in the hydrological regime of the Loess Plateau. It is estimated that 70% of the streamflow reduction can be attributed to land use change, while the remaining 30% is associated with climate variability. Land use change because of the soil conservation measures and reduction in precipitation are the key drivers for the observed streamflow trends. These findings are consistent with results of previous studies for the region and appear to be reasonable given the accelerated level of the soil conservation measures implemented since the late 1970s. Changes in sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean, as indicated by variations in El Niño–Southern Oscillation and phase shifts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, appear to have also affected the annual streamflow trends. The framework described in this study shows promising results for quantifying the effects of land use change and climate variability on mean annual streamflow of catchments within the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental constraints on the solidification of a hydrous lunar magma ocean     

Yanhao Lin  Hejiu Hui  Xiaoping Xia  Sheng Shang  Wim van Westrenen 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(1):207-230

The identification of hydrogen in a range of lunar samples and the similarity of its abundance and isotopic composition with terrestrial values suggest that water could have been present in the Moon since its formation. To quantify the effect of water on early lunar differentiation, we present new analyses of a high‐pressure, high‐temperature experimental study designed to model the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the solidification material equivalent to 700 km deep lunar magma oceans first reported in Lin et al. (2017a). We also performed additional experiments to better quantify water contents in the run products. Water contents in the melt phases in hydrous run products spanning a range of crystallization steps were quantified directly using a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Results suggest that a significant but constant proportion (68 ± 5%) of the hydrogen originally added to the experiments was lost from the starting material independent of run conditions and run duration. The volume of plagioclase formed during our crystallization experiments can be combined with the measured water contents and the observed crustal thickness on the Moon to provide an updated lunar interior hygrometer. Our data suggest that at least 45–354 ppm H₂O equivalent was present in the Moon at the time of crust formation. These estimates confirm the inference of Lin et al. (2017a) that the Moon was wet during its magma ocean stage, with corrected absolute water contents now comparable to estimates derived from the water content in a range of lunar samples.  相似文献   

老挝MK离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿及其矿化分布特征     

陈小平 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1341-1352

稀土是重要的战略性关键金属矿产资源,老挝是“一路一带”沿线的重要国家,境内寻找离子吸附性稀土矿找矿潜力巨大。老挝长山褶皱带呈NW-SE向分布,带内海西期黑云母二长花岗岩发育,以低中山地形地貌为主,近期在带内发现多处花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过分析该区花岗岩地球化学特征、风化壳剖面及钻孔样品,研究赋存于花岗岩风化壳的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿地质特征,探讨其在低中山地区的成矿特征,推断低中山地形地貌与矿体分布的关系。研究表明,区内花岗岩风化壳结构分层特征明显,矿体分布受海拔标高及微地貌控制;稀土元素的分馏不仅在垂向上,在水平方向上也十分明显。通过厘定本区离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿特征,发现在低中山地貌区,高海拔第一阶梯矿化不好,且以轻稀土为主,而相对低的第二阶梯矿化较好,矿化强度高,稀土类型向中重稀土过渡的特征明显。  相似文献