长沙地区蒸发皿水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素的变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄煌  章新平  李广  黄一民  廖梦思 《热带地理》2014,34(6):776-782

蒸发过程中水体同位素分馏与蒸发时的气象要素密切相关。为此,于2013年6―9月份在长沙地区进行了4组室外蒸发皿蒸发实验,从而探讨蒸发剩余水体中稳定同位素与温度、相对湿度等气象要素之间的关系。实验结果表明：1）剩余水体中稳定同位素比率随着剩余水比例f的减少而富集,在高温无雨的伏旱天气下,蒸发剩余水体中稳定同位素分馏结果与瑞利分馏模式比较吻合;2）温度越高,分馏效应也将变大,蒸发过程中稳定同位素比率的改变量也将变大,随着水体质量的减小,稳定同位素比率的变化与相对湿度呈现负相关,尤其到蒸发后期,负相关关系更为明显,这可能是由于实验后期剩余水体绝对质量太小,易受空气中稳定同位素的影响;3）蒸发线δ2H＝3.89δ18O－24.55与δ2H＝3.38δ18O－24.96的斜率和截距明显小于同时期长沙降水线δ2H＝6.85δ18O－4.4的斜率和截距,与同时期湘江河水蒸发线δ2H＝3.9δ18O－13.2的斜率接近。以上结果说明本蒸发皿实验能一定程度上体现夏季自然水体蒸发分馏情况。  相似文献   

湖南省区域干旱模糊评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张剑明  黎祖贤  章新平  张健  邵泽峰 《地理科学进展》2009,28(4)

本文采用湖南省80个地面气象站点1970-2005年的月降水、蒸发资料,河道来水量资料和农作物受旱面积资料,运用模糊综合评价、M-K突变及小波分析等方法分析了湖南省36年来区域干旱的时间变化特征。选用降水距平百分率、蒸发降水比、河道来水量和农业受旱面积组成区域干旱评级指标体系,将干旱分为由湿润到特大干旱9个等级,建立模糊综合评价模型,确定旱涝的等级。在1970-2005年期间,特大干旱年共发生了5年,严重干旱年发生了2年,中等干旱年发生了6年,轻度干旱发生了3年。过去36年湖南省综合干旱指标呈微弱增加趋势,其中1970年代和1990年代处于湿润时期,1980年代处于干旱时期,进入21世纪后有变干的趋势。综合指标于1990年代初有一个由干向湿的转变过程,且存在3年、6年和16年三个时间特征尺度。2005年之后小波系数仍将是负值,表明未来若干年湖南将仍处于干旱期,之后可能进入一个湿润期。  相似文献   

四川宣汉地区二叠系硅岩地球化学特征及成因研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周新平  何幼斌  杜红权  李华 《古地理学报》2009,11(6):670-680

四川宣汉地区二叠系茅口组和吴家坪组的硅岩,主要以结核状、条带状和团块状产出。根据硅岩的岩石学及地球化学特征,对其成因进行了系统研究。野外观察硅岩形态多样,与围岩呈缝合线状接触,在剖面上受一定层位控制,团块状硅岩中含石灰岩斑块等。显微镜下观察,硅岩中见方解石残余结构及白云石菱形假晶等。野外观察和显微镜下观察表明这些硅岩应为交代作用形成。常量元素分析表明硅岩以SiO₂为主（69.61％～99.21％）,其他化学成分含量较低（0.01％～16.07％）,Fe/Ti、（Fe+Mn）/Ti及Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值反映了硅岩的形成与热水活动有关,样品点在Al-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影位于富铁端;微量元素Co/Ni、V、Ti/V、Th/U和Rb/Sr值都较低,样品点在（Cu+Co+Ni）-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影也位于富铁端;硅岩中稀土元素总量低（低于10×10^-6）,Ce明显负异常,Eu弱负异常,LREE/HREE值低,Eu/Eu^*值相对较高。上述特征表明研究区硅岩在形成过程中有热水物质参与沉积,在成岩过程中通过SiO₂交代作用形成。  相似文献   

Subseasonal Reversal of East Asian Surface Temperature Variability in Winter 2014/15     

Xinping XU  Fei LI  Shengping HE  Huijun WANG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(6):737-752

Although there has been a considerable amount of research conducted on the East Asian winter-mean climate, subseasonal surface air temperature(SAT) variability reversals in the early and late winter remain poorly understood. In this study,we focused on the recent winter of 2014/15, in which warmer anomalies dominated in January and February but colder conditions prevailed in December. Moreover, Arctic sea-ice cover(ASIC) in September–October 2014 was lower than normal,and warmer sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies occurred in the Ni ?no4 region in winter, together with a positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO|+) phase. Using observational data and CMIP5 historical simulations, we investigated the PDO|+ phase modulation upon the winter warm Ni ?no4 phase(autumn ASIC reduction) influence on the subseasonal SAT variability of East Asian winter. The results show that, under a PDO|+ phase modulation, warm Ni ?no4 SST anomalies are associated with a subseasonal delay of tropical surface heating and subsequent Hadley cell and Ferrel cell intensification in January–February, linking the tropical and midlatitude regions. Consistently, the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) is significantly decelerated in January–February and hence promotes the warm anomalies over East Asia. Under the PDO|+ phase,the decrease in ASIC is related to cold SST anomalies in the western North Pacific, which increase the meridional temperature gradient and generate an accelerated and westward-shifted EAJS in December. The westward extension of the EAJS is responsible for the eastward-propagating Rossby waves triggered by declining ASIC and thereby favors the connection between ASIC and cold conditions over East Asia.  相似文献   

Numerical experiments on the impacts of surface evaporation and fractionation factors on stable isotopes in precipitation     

Xinping Zhang  Huade Guan  Xinzhu Zhang  Wanjun Zhang  Tianci Yao 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2016,52(3):327-339

The isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model is applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation, amount effect and meteoric water lines (MWL) under four scenarios with different fractionation nature and surface evaporation inputs. The experiments are conducted under the same weather forcing in the framework of the water balance and stable water isotope balance. Globally, the spatial patterns of mean δ¹⁸O and global MWLs simulated by four simulation tests are in reasonably good agreement with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation observations. The results indicate that the assumptions of equilibrium fractionation for simulating spatial distribution in mean annual δ¹⁸O and the global MWL, and kinetic fractionation in simulating δ¹⁸O seasonality are acceptable. In Changsha, four simulation tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation. Compared with equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The alteration of stable isotopes in precipitation caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapour evaporated from the surface is opposite between cold and warm seasons. Four simulations all produce the amount effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slope of simulated amount effect is closer to the observed one than other scenarios. The MWL for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation.  相似文献   

红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、珍珠(Salsola passerine)蒸腾耗水规律的尺度整合     

金艳霞  王新平  张亚峰  潘颜霞  虎瑞  徐浩杰  石薇 《中国沙漠》2018,(2):286-293

利用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪和大型称重式蒸渗仪研究红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、珍珠(Salsola passerina)灌丛在干旱和湿润条件下的蒸腾耗水特征,并探讨从叶片到灌丛尺度转换中,在非破损状态下植物叶面积的可靠测定方法。结果表明:用图像法获得非破损状态下植物叶面积是可行的,基于植物叶面积通过尺度转换得到灌丛尺度的蒸腾量与蒸渗仪测定的蒸腾量具有较高一致性(r=0.9752,P<0.01)。干旱条件下,红砂蒸腾速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,主要影响因素为气孔导度(P<0.01);湿润条件下,红砂和珍珠蒸腾速率的日变化均呈单峰曲线,主要的影响因素为气孔导度、空气相对湿度、饱和蒸汽压亏缺和光合有效辐射(P<0.01)。珍珠水分利用效率和气孔限制值均高于红砂。此外,干旱条件下红砂的水分利用效率和气孔限制均高于湿润条件。通过尺度转换得到的灌丛尺度的蒸腾量和蒸渗仪测定的蒸腾量的结果均表明,红砂的蒸腾量始终大于珍珠,且随土壤湿润状况的改善而增大。红砂灌丛蒸腾量与蒸散量之比在干旱条件下(T/ET=21%)较湿润条件下高(约2%)。同时,红砂灌丛T/ET高于珍珠灌丛。因此,基于图像法获得的叶面积参数可用于从叶片(便携式光合仪法)到植株及灌丛水平(称重式蒸渗仪法)的植物蒸腾耗水尺度转换研究。  相似文献   

四川宜宾地壳浅部三维S波速度结构及方位各向异性          下载免费PDF全文

王金泽  李红谊  张玉婷  陈辛平  崔华伟 《地震学报》2022,44(2):271-285

利用四川宜宾及周边地区布设的30个临时台站连续44天的波形记录,采用背景噪声互相关方法提取了周期为1—15 s的瑞雷面波相速度频散曲线,然后使用基于面波射线路径追踪的瑞雷面波直接成像方法得到0—10 km深度范围内三维S波速度模型,最后利用该模型作为初始模型采用相同的反演框架得到该地区的方位各向异性结构.结果表明:浅层...  相似文献   

Relationship between Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Energy and Eurasian Winter Cold Events     

Xinping XU  Shengping HE  Huijun WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(6):652-661

The profound impact of solar irradiance variations on the decadal variability of Earth' s climate has been investigated by previous studies.However,it remains a challenge to quantify the energetic particle precipitation(EPP) influence on the surface climate,which is an emerging research topic.The solar wind is a source of magnetospheric EPP,and the total energy input from the solar wind into Earth' s magnetosphere(E_(in)) shows remarkable interdecadal and interannual variability.B ased on the new E_(in) index,this study reveals a significant interannual relationship between the annual mean E_(in)and Eurasian cold extremes in the subsequent winter.Less frequent cold events are observed over Eurasia(primarily north of 50°N) following the higher-than-normal E_(in) activity in the previous year,accompanied by more frequent cold events over northern Africa,and vice versa.This response pattern shows great resemblance to the first empirical orthogonal function of the variability of cold extremes over Eurasia,with a spatial correlation coefficient of 0.79.The pronounced intensification of the positive North Atlantic Oscillation events and poleward shift of the North Atlantic storm track associated with the anomalously higher E_(in) favor the anomalous extreme atmospheric circulation events,and thus less frequent extreme cold temperatures over northern Eurasia on the interannual time scale.It is further hypothesized that the wave-mean flow interaction in the stratosphere and troposphere is favorable for the connection of E_(in) signals to tropospheric circulation and climate in the following winter.  相似文献   

对1989年1991年山西地区3次5级以上地震预报的回顾   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭跃宏  赵新平等 《山西地震》1994,(4):13-17,63

1989、1991年，山西发生了大同－阳高6.1、忻州5.1和大同－阳高5.8级3次5级以上地震（不含余震），有对大同－阳高2次地震普提出明确的中期预报意见。山西省地震局在中期预报的基础上，对1991年1月29日忻州5.1级、3月26日大同－阳高5.8级地震分别做出了一定程度的短期或临震预报，本文对这3次地震的预报过程做了简要的回顾。  相似文献   

催化分光光度新方法测定痕量钌   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨万龙  周新萍 《岩矿测试》1993,12(2):89-92

研究了在HAc-NaAc介质中,α,α′-联吡啶存在下,Ru(Ⅲ)催化KBrO_3氧化溴甲酚绿褪色反应及其动力学条件,建立了一个测定痕量Ru(Ⅲ)的高灵敏度新方法。方法的检出限为2.0×10~(-10)g/ml Ru,测定范围为0～8ng/ml。  相似文献