Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

Shengfa Li  Xiubin Li 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(9):1123-1150

Since the 1950s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of “land use change–driving mechanisms–impacts and consequences–policy responses” found the following: (1) Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. (2) Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. (3) Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. (4) A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. (5) Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented.Due to China’s rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions include monitoring regional and national abandonment dynamics, analyzing trends, assessing the risks and socio-economic effects of farmland abandonment, and informing policy making.  相似文献   

1999-2013年中国耕地复种指数的时空演变格局   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

丁明军  陈倩  辛良杰  李兰晖  李秀彬 《地理学报》2015,70(7):1080-1090

耕地复种是中国普遍的农业种植制度,对保障国家粮食安全和促进农村经济发展十分必要。本文基于1999-2013年1 km×1 km旬SPOT-NDVI数据和3期耕地数据,利用S-G （Savitzky-Golay）滤波方法,重建了农作物生长NDVI曲线;基于二次差分算法及相关阈值限定,提取了各时相复种指数;分析了1999-2013年中国耕地复种指数的时空变化过程。结果表明：① 中国耕地复种指数从北到南逐渐增加,其中种植制度上43.48%的耕地实行一年一熟,56.39%的耕地实行一年两熟,仅有0.13%的耕地实行一年三熟。② 1999-2013年间,中国耕地复种指数整体上呈现显著上升趋势,年均增加约为1.29%（P < 0.001）;但空间差异明显,复种指数显著降低（P < 0.1）的耕地仅占全国耕地的2.12%,主要分布在河北、北京、天津交界地区,安徽中部,四川的成都平原,江西的鄱阳湖平原,湖南的北部和南部以及广西的中部;16.40%的耕地复种指数显著上升（P < 0.1）,主要分布在甘肃的东部,陕西的渭河平原,山西的西部,河北、山东和天津交界处,山东的山东半岛和湖北的江汉平原。③ 耕地复种指数年际变化率与地形起伏和经济发展水平具有较好的相关关系：起伏度增强,复种指数上升;经济发展水平提高,复种指数降低。  相似文献   

地区发展均衡性的可视化测度   总被引：46，自引：3，他引：43  

李秀彬 《地理科学》1999,19(3):254-257

在刻划复杂现象的方法中,图像媒体往往能比数值指标传递更多的信息,且由于直观、形象,而更具有说服力。运用空间均值地图演示的方法,探索了地区发展均衡性的可视化测度。通过与数值型综合测算方法的比较,说明了它在刻划地区差异上的准确性,而且在反映地区差异的空间表现上具有优势。作为一种描绘空间过程总体趋势的手段,该方法在研究其它“区域重心转移”问题上也具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

土地质量指标体系国际研究的新进展   总被引：98，自引：3，他引：95  

冷疏影  李秀彬 《地理学报》1999,(2)

国内外有关土地资源的综合研究自７０年代以来逐步形成了一个系统的应用基础学科——土地科学。进入９０年代,在有关全球环境变化研究的深化过程中,着眼于土地动态的土地覆被变化研究被列入核心研究领域;最近,旨在更好地掌握土地质量变化的土地质量指标体系（ＬＱＩｓ）研究又被土地科学研究领域中最为活跃的几大国际组织确定为优先研究项目。本文系统地介绍了国际上有关土地质量指标体系研究的源起、概念框架、最新进展及在研项目的情况。  相似文献   

Impacts of Land Fragmentation and Cropping System on the Productivity and Efficiency of Grain Producers in the North China Plain: Taking Cangxian County of Hebei Province as an Example     

WANG Xue  LI Xiubin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(6):580-588

Land fragmentation is widely known to have an impact on farm performance. However, previous studies investigating this impact mainly focused on a single crop, and only limited data from China are available. This study considers multiple crops to identify the impact of land fragmentation (LF), as well as cropping system (CS), on farm productivity and the efficiency of grain producers in the North China Plain (NCP), using Cangxian County of Hebei Province as an example. Detailed household- and plot-level survey data are applied and four stochastic frontier and inefficiency models are developed. These models include different sets of key variables in either the production function or the inefficiency models, in order to investigate all possibilities of their influences on farm productivity and efficiency. The results show that LF plays a significant and detrimental role, affecting both productivity and efficiency. A positive effect is evident with respect to the CS variable, i.e., multiple cropping index (MCI), and the wheat-maize double CS, rather than the maize single CS, is usually associated with higher farm productivity and efficiency. In addition to LF and CS, four basic production input variables (labor, seed, pesticide and irrigation), also significantly affect farmers’ productivity, while the age of the household head and the ratio of the off-farm labor to total labor are significantly relevant to technical inefficiency. Policies geared toward the promotion of land transfer and the rational adjustment of cropping systems are recommended for boosting farm productivity and efficiency, and thus maintaining the food supply while mitigating the overexploitation of groundwater in the NCP.  相似文献   

广州高建筑物雷电回击光脉冲特征分析     

黄晓磊  吕伟涛  武斌  孙秀斌  马颖  陈绿文  齐奇  刘恒毅 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):439-449

为了深入认识负地闪放电过程中光辐射信号的特性,对广州高建筑物雷电观测站所获得的回击光脉冲波形进行了分析.对观测到的88例负地闪事件中的184次回击(包括60次下行闪电首次回击、58次下行闪电继后回击、66次上行闪电继后回击)的光脉冲特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:下行闪电首次回击光脉冲10％～90％上升时间T1的算术平均...  相似文献   

水利水保措施对潮河流域年径流量的影响——基于经验统计模型的评估   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李子君  李秀彬 《地理学报》2008,63(9):958-968

利用时间序列对比法分析了1961-2005 年潮河流域降水、径流、用水量、水利工程、 水土保持措施变化。结果表明: (1) 自20 世纪60 年代以来, 潮河流域年平均面雨量略有减 少, 但流域年径流量却呈明显减少趋势, 1991-2000 年的流域年径流量平均值为1961-1970 年 的90.9%, 减少幅度较大; (2) 潮河流域径流量的变化主要与水利水保等人类活动有关。利用 降水-径流经验统计模型评估了流域水利水保措施对年径流量的影响程度: 1981-1990 年、 1991-2000 年、2001-2005 年、1981-2005 年, 受水利水保措施影响所产生的年均减水量分别 为1.15、0.28、1.10、0.79 亿m³, 水利水保措施减水效应分别为31.99%、7.13%、40.71%、 23.79%。水利水保措施对枯水时段的减水效应更为突出。  相似文献   

土地利用集约度的测度方法   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26  

李秀彬  朱会义  谈明洪  辛良杰 《地理科学进展》2008,27(6):12-17

针对土地利用集约度测度混乱的状况,文章从投入指标还是产出指标、实物指标还是价值指标、综合测度 还是分项测度、单纯测度还是复合测度以及初级集约度还是次级集约度测度等五个方面,辨析了土地利用集约度 的概念,评价了各种测度方法的特点和应用范围。认为土地集约利用或粗放利用,本身不是土地利用的目标,是实 现土地合理利用的两种基本途径。其本质是资源的替代。把土地集约利用定义为用资本和劳动来替代土地资源的 现象,使集约度变化与用途转换这两种土地利用变化类型联系起来。提出从土地利用变化研究的角度出发,土地利 用集约度的基本测度指标应为单位时间单位土地面积上的资本和劳动的投入数量, 产出指标只可以作为代用指 标。从土地利用变化研究需求的角度,对土地集约度指标的选择提出了建议。  相似文献   

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Driving Forces of Forest Transition: A Case Study of Zunyi City,Guizhou     

DONG Shunzhou  ZHAO Yuluan  LI Xiubin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(4):341-351

Spatial differentiation in forest transition was measured in terms of space transition and function transition using the exploratory spatial data analysis method (ESDA) and data from 2004—2014 for Zunyi city, Guizhou province, China. The validity of factors affecting forest transition was analyzed by constructing radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) based on the data processing system (DPS). Our results will provide references for scientific understanding of the potential mechanism underlying forest transition in mountainous areas. We found that Global Moran’s I of space transition and function transition of forest land was 0.0336 and 0.2323, respectively. This suggests a significant positive correlation in spatial distribution of space transition and function transition of forest land, and significant spatial aggregation. The Global Moran’s I of function transition was higher than that of space transition, and the spatial aggregation characteristics of function transition were more significant than for space transition. The Global Moran’s I at each time period tended to increase, and the spatial aggregation degree of the function transition and space transition was further enhanced. Hot and cold spots of space transition of forest land stably evolved, suggesting a minor spatial difference in forest land among different administrative units at the county level. The number of hot spots at the county level in function transition increased. Hot spots were intensively distributed at the western edge and continuously distributed in the northeast. The space transition and function transition of forest land were both greatly influenced by urbanization rate and second and third industries. The development of urbanization and industrialization was the main factor driving forest transition, suggesting a positive role of economic growth on forest transition in mountainous areas. The development of urbanization and industrialization is an effective approach to forest transition in mountainous areas.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal changes in Chinese land circulation between 2003 and 2013   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yahui Wang  Xiubin Li  Liangjie Xin  Minghong Tan  Min Jiang 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(6):707-724

Land circulation is an important measure that can be utilized to enable agricultural management at a moderate scale. It is therefore imperative to explore spatiotemporal changes in land circulation and the factors that drive these variations in order to maintain and increase the vitality of the land rental market. An initial analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in land circulation is presented in this study on the basis of data from 169,511 farm households between 2003 and 2013. The rural fixed observation point system advocated by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture was utilized for this analysis, and Heckman two-stage models were developed and estimated in order to identify the drivers of regional differences in land circulation at the national scale and at the levels of different terrains. The results of this study show that the rate of land circulation in China rose from 15.09% to 25.1% over the course of the study period, an average rate of 0.8%. More specifically, data show that the rate of land circulation in the south of China has been higher than in the north, that the average land rental payment was 4256.13 yuan per ha, and that 55.05% of households did not pay such a fee during the land circulation process. In contrast, the average rent obtained was 3648.45 yuan per ha nationally even though 52.63% of households did not obtain any payments from their tenants. The results show that land quality, geographic location, transaction costs, and household characteristics have significantly affected land circulation in different regions of China. Specifically, the marginal effects of land quality and geographic location were larger in the plain regions, while transaction cost was the key factor influencing land circulation in the hilly and mountainous regions. The signal identified in this study, rent-free land circulation, is indicative of a mismatch that has led to the marginalization of mountainous regions and higher transaction costs that have reduced the potential value of land resources. Thus, as the opportunity cost of farming continues to rise across China, the depreciation of land assets will become irreversible and the phenomenon of land abandonment will become increasingly prevalent in hilly and mountainous regions in the future. The transaction costs associated with the land rental market should be reduced to mitigate these effects by establishing land circulation intermediaries at the township level, and the critical issues of land abandonment and poverty reduction in hilly and mountainous regions should arouse more attention.  相似文献